Os aspectos semiológicos do acidente vascular encefálico: uma abordagem neurológica

O Acidente Vascular Encefálico (AVC) é um evento neurológico súbito, com um foco de isquemia ou hemorragia. Ambos, qualificados pelo déficit neurológico focal abrupto. Ressaltando, que estes déficits podem ocorrer, sendo a ocorrência espontânea, perduração de 15 minutos, autoresolutiva é denominada como Ataque Isquêmico Transitório (AIT), no entanto, toda insuficiência neural que não melhorar pós esse período deve ser manejado como AVC. O artigo objetivou descrever os principais aspectos clínicos do AVC. O AVC é uma emergência para a saúde pública, em razão de ser um potencial em gerar morbimortalidades para os portadores e prejuízos para os sistemas de saúde. O AVC do tipo isquêmico representa a maioria das ocorrências, o quadro clínico do paciente é correspondente ao tecido neural afetado, inicialmente a tomografia computadorizada sem contraste é o primeiro exame, por ser crucial para descartar a etiologia hemorrágica, a condução terapêutica se baseia em medidas neuroprotetoras através da estabilização da glicemia, temperatura e sódio, adequar os níveis pressóricos, mediante o prazo estipulado impor terapia antitrombótica. A manifestação hemorrágica, pode ocorrer por torção de aneurisma sacular originando o sangramento subaracnóideo ou por hipertensão gerando o sangramento intraparenquimatoso. A partir da análise das informações coletadas, elucida-se que o diagnóstico precoce e o período transcorrido até o manejo terapêutico são cruciais para o desfecho clínico do portador, ou seja, é possível a normalização ou ocorrer sequelas neurais e óbito

Estudio de las variables psicosociales em trabajadores de la industria de muebles

Objective: To evaluate the association between the psychosocial variables at work and professionals and sociodemographic aspects of workers from the furniture industry and the multidisciplinary intervention. Methods: The study sample was composed of 146 workers from the production sector of two furniture industries which was divided in two groups: Group 1 (study) and Group 2 (control). The Group 1 was formed by 80 workers and the Group 2 of 66 workers. The instrument used to assess the common mental disorders was the Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) and the Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ) was used to evaluate the psychosocial factors at work environment. Results: The results showed significant differences at the “authority of decision” (p=0,05), “control over the job” (p=0,03) and “physical effort” (p=0,02) dimensions when comparing the groups of workers. There were not significant differences in the others variables. Conclusion: Comparisons between groups presented association between the variables “authority of decision”, “control over the job” and “physical effort” and the multidisciplinary intervention. doi:10.5020/18061230.2014.p470Objetivo: Avaliar a associação das variáveis psicossociais no trabalho com os aspectos sociodemográficos e profissionais de trabalhadores da indústria de móveis com a intervenção multidisciplinar. Métodos: A amostra do estudo foi composta por 146 trabalhadores do setor de produção de duas indústrias de móveis, dividida em dois grupos: Grupo 1 (estudo) e Grupo 2 (controle). O Grupo 1 foi constituído por 80 trabalhadores e o Grupo 2 por 66 trabalhadores. O instrumento utilizado para avaliar os transtornos mentais comuns foi o Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) e para avaliar os fatores psicossociais no local de trabalho foi utilizado o Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). Resultados: Os resultados mostraram diferenças significativas nas dimensões “autoridade de decisão” (p=0,05), “controle sobre o trabalho” (p=0,03) e “esforço físico” (p=0,02) quando comparado os grupos de trabalhadores. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas para as outras variáveis. Conclusão: A comparação entre os grupos apresentou relação das variáveis “autoridade de decisão”, “controle sobre o trabalho” e “esforço físico” com a intervenção multidisciplinar. doi: 10.5020/18061230.2014.p470Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación de las variables psicosociales en el trabajo con aspectos sociodemográficos y profesionales de trabajadores de la industria de muebles y la intervención multidisciplinaria. Métodos: La muestra del estudio fue de 146 trabajadores del sector de producción de dos industrias de muebles dividida en dos grupos: Grupo 1 (estudio), Grupo 2 (control). El Grupo 1 fue constituido de 80 trabajadores y el Grupo 2 de 66 trabajadores. El instrumento utilizado para evaluar los trastornos mentales comunes fue el Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) y para evaluar los factores psicosociales en el entorno de trabajo se utilizó el Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). Resultados: Los resultados mostraron diferencia significativa en las dimensiones “autoridad de decisión” (p=0,05), “control sobre El trabajo” (p=0,03) y “esfuerzo físico” (p=0,02) al comparar los grupos de trabajadores. No se encontraron diferencias significativas para las otras variables. Conclusión: La comparación entre los grupos presentó relación para las variables “autoridad de decisión”, “control sobre el trabajo” y “esfuerzo físico” con la intervención multidisciplinaria. doi:10.5020/18061230.2014.p47

Estudio de las variables psicosociales em trabajadores de la industria de muebles

Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación de las variables psicosociales en el trabajo con aspectos sociodemográficos y profesionales de trabajadores de la industria de muebles y la intervención multidisciplinaria. Métodos: La muestra del estudio fue de 146 trabajadores del sector de producción de dos industrias de muebles dividida en dos grupos: Grupo 1 (estudio), Grupo 2 (control). El Grupo 1 fue constituido de 80 trabajadores y el Grupo 2 de 66 trabajadores. El instrumento utilizado para evaluar los trastornos mentales comunes fue el Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) y para evaluar los factores psicosociales en el entorno de trabajo se utilizó el Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). Resultados: Los resultados mostraron diferencia significativa en las dimensiones “autoridad de decisión” (p=0,05), “control sobre El trabajo” (p=0,03) y “esfuerzo físico” (p=0,02) al comparar los grupos de trabajadores. No se encontraron diferencias significativas para las otras variables. Conclusión: La comparación entre los grupos presentó relación para las variables “autoridad de decisión”, “control sobre el trabajo” y “esfuerzo físico” con la intervención multidisciplinaria

Evaluation of pulmonary function and respiratory symptoms in pyrochlore mine workers

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify respiratory symptoms and evaluate lung function in mine workers. Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study involving production sector workers of a pyrochlore mining company. The subjects completed the British Medical Research Council questionnaire, which is designed to evaluate respiratory symptoms, occupational exposure factors, and smoking status. In addition, they underwent pulmonary function tests with a portable spirometer. Results: The study involved 147 workers (all male). The mean age was 41.37 ± 8.71 years, and the mean duration of occupational exposure was 12.26 ± 7.09 years. We found that 33 (22.44%) of the workers had respiratory symptoms and that 26 (17.69%) showed abnormalities in the spirometry results. However, we found that the spirometry results did not correlate significantly with the presence of respiratory symptoms or with the duration of occupational exposure. Conclusions: The frequencies of respiratory symptoms and spirometric changes were low when compared with those reported in other studies involving occupational exposure to dust. No significant associations were observed between respiratory symptoms and spirometry results

Chagas disease in urban and peri urban environment in the Amazon: Sentinel hosts, vectors, and the environment

This work was supported by The Pro-Amazônia Biodiversity and Sustainability project was financed by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – Brasil (CAPES), notice 047/2012, AUXPE 3286/2013 - Process 23,038.009430 / 2013–98.Universidade Federal do Pará. Instituto de Medicina Veterinária. Castanhal, PA, Brazil.Universidade Federal do Pará. Instituto de Medicina Veterinária. Castanhal, PA, Brazil.Universidade Federal do Pará. Instituto de Medicina Veterinária. Castanhal, PA, Brazil.Universidade Federal do Pará. Instituto de Medicina Veterinária. Castanhal, PA, Brazil.Universidade Federal do Pará. Instituto de Medicina Veterinária. Castanhal, PA, Brazil.Universidade Federal do Pará. Instituto de Medicina Veterinária. Castanhal, PA, Brazil.Universidade Federal do Pará. Instituto de Medicina Veterinária. Castanhal, PA, Brazil.Universidade Federal do Pará. Instituto de Medicina Veterinária. Castanhal, PA, Brazil.Universidade Federal do Pará. Instituto de Medicina Veterinária. Castanhal, PA, Brazil.Universidade Federal do Pará. Instituto de Medicina Veterinária. Castanhal, PA, Brazil.Universidade Federal do Pará. Instituto de Medicina Veterinária. Castanhal, PA, Brazil.Universidade Federal do Pará. Instituto de Medicina Veterinária. Castanhal, PA, Brazil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Geoprocessamento. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Universidade Federal do Pará. Instituto de Ciências Biológicas. Laboratório de Ecologia e Zoologia de Vertebrados. Belém PA, Brazil.Universidade Federal do Pará. Instituto de Medicina Veterinária. Castanhal, PA, Brazil.Universidade Federal do Pará. Instituto de Medicina Veterinária. Castanhal, PA, Brazil.Chagas disease is an anthropozoonosis, caused by a flagellated protozoan, Trypanosoma cruzi, in which the enzootic cycle occurs between mammals and triatomines. Two dogs with a history of sudden death were necropsied at the Federal University of Pará (UFPA). One dog had a pale area in the myocardium, which on histopathological examination showed a T. cruzi amastigote nest; immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis characterized it as acute Chagas disease (ACD). The second dog showed no macroscopic changes. Microscopically, a few cardiomyocytes were replaced by adipocytes, and IHC result was negative for T. cruzi. However, results of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the cardiac tissue of both dogs was positive for T. cruzi DNA. After that, an epidemiological study was conducted in the region. For this study, we selected four areas in Castanhal. One of the four areas (Area 1) is where one of the dogs lived. The other three areas were chosen because they were recently deforested for housing. Blood samples were collected from dogs, cats, wild small mammals (marsupials and rodents), and the digestive tract of triatomines. Nested PCR was performed on all the blood samples and the triatomine digestive tracts. In Area 1, T. cruzi DNA was detected in 50% (12/24) of the tested dogs, in the only tested cat (1/1), 50% (1/2) of the tested marsupials (Didelphis marsupials), and 100% of the captured triatomines (Rhodnius pictipes) (2/2). In Area 2, T. cruzi DNA was not detected in any of the 11 (0/11) dogs and two marsupials tested (0/2), and no triatomines were found in this area. In Area 3, T. cruzi DNA was detected in 42.25% (30/71) of the dogs, in 66,6% (2/3) of the cats, the only captured marsupial (D. marsupialis) (1/1), and all three triatomines (3/3) (R. pictipes) tested. In Area 4, the two dogs tested were negative (0/2), 25% (1/4) of the captured marsupials (D. marsupialis) was positive, and no triatomine was captured in this area. The data demonstrate the importance of detecting T. cruzi in dogs, cats, small rodents, and marsupials in the Amazon metropolitan areas, where ecotopes carry reservoirs and vectors capable of participating in the Chagas disease cycle. The proximity between humans and T. cruzi vectors in these places might contribute to increased disease transmission risk and maintenance of agents. It was noted that high-standard condominiums, previously thought to reduce the risk for this disease, presented a new epidemiological risk. The presence of T. cruzi DNA in a dog who, a year earlier had tested negative, when another dog in the same house died of ACD, shows that the transmission cycle is present and active, with a high possibility of disease transmission to animals and humans

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data