OWL ASSEMBLAGES IN FRAGMENTS OF ATLANTIC FOREST IN BRAZIL

Abstract · Habitat loss and fragmentation is recognized as one of the main causes of global biodiversity declines. Birds of prey are considered good environmental bioindicators because they are sensitive to changes in the environment and can suffer local extinctions due to habitat fragmentation. In this study, we aimed to determine whether forest fragment area is correlated with the richness and abundance of owl species, and whether owl species recorded exhibit preferences for fragment edge or interior. The study was undertaken in six remnants of southeastern Atlantic Forest located in Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Six species of owls were recorded: Buff-fronted Owl (Aegolius harrisii), Tropical Screech-Owl (Megascops choliba), Tawny-browed Owl (Pulsatrix koeniswaldiana), Striped Owl (Asio clamator), Mottled Owl (Strix virgata), and Rusty-barred Owl (Strix hylophila). Megascops choliba was the most abundant species. The richness and abundance of species were higher at the edge when compared to the interior of the fragments. The owl species recorded did not seem to prefer the forest interior, while M. choliba had a preference for forest edges. This study adds new empirical knowledge on the effects of fragmentation on Neotropical owl communities.Resumen · Comunidades de lechuzas y búhos en fragmentos de bosque Atlántico en Brasil El proceso de pérdida y fragmentación del hábitat se identifica como una de las principales causas del declive de la biodiversidad mundial. Las aves de presa se consideran un buen bioindicador ambiental porque son sensibles a los cambios en el medio ambiente y pueden extinguirse localmente con la fragmentación del bosque. El objetivo del estudio fue responder a las siguientes preguntas: ¿La fragmentación de los bosques influyen en la riqueza y abundancia de las especies de búhos? ¿Las especies de búho tienen preferencia por el borde o el interior de los fragmentos del bosque? El estudio se llevó a cabo de octubre de 2011 a septiembre de 2012 en seis localidades de la Mata Atlántica suroriental, ubicadas en el estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Seis especies de búhos fueron registradas: Lechucita Acanelada (Aegolius harrisii), Currucutú Común (Megascops choliba), Lechuzón Mocho Chico (Pulsatrix koeniswaldiana), Búho Gritón (Asio clamator), Mocho Carijó (Strix virgata) y Rusty-barred Owl (Strix hylophila). M. choliba fue la especie más abundante. La riqueza y abundancia de especies fue mayor en el borde comparado con el interior de los fragmentos. La comunidad de búhos en nuestra área de estudio no parece tener preferencia por el interior del bosque, sin embargo, M. choliba es más abundante en los bordes del bosque. Este estudio aporta nuevos conocimientos sobre la riqueza y abundancia de los búhos Neotropicales y su respuesta a la fragmentación de la Mata Atlántica

Birds of the Estação Ecológica de Itirapina, State of São Paulo, Brazil

O cerrado é um dos biomas mais ameaçados no mundo, apresentando algumas das maiores taxas de destruição causadas principalmente pela agropecuária. Poucos estudos têm avaliado a diversidade local de aves no cerrado, especialmente em áreas marginais desse bioma. A Estação Ecológica de Itirapina (EEI) contém um dos últimos remanescentes de campos naturais e cerrados do estado de São Paulo. Um levantamento das aves desta unidade de conservação, feito tanto por observações casuais como sistemáticas entre 1998 e 2007, e complementado por revisão de literatura, revelou que 231 espécies apresentaram ocorrência recente na área. Desse total, 38 espécies (16,4%) encontram-se na lista de espécies ameaçadas para o estado de São Paulo e/ou são endêmicas do Cerrado, um alto número quando comparado com outras áreas de cerrados paulistas ou mesmo em relação ao Brasil Central. Tal fato reforça a importância da EEI em relação à conservação da avifauna e demonstra que a mesma está mantendo sua função de conservar a biodiversidade. Adicionalmente, ao longo dos 10 anos de estudo foram detectadas várias ameaças à EEI, e neste sentido são recomendadas aqui algumas sugestões de manejo que consideramos essenciais para essa unidade de conservação manter ou mesmo aumentar sua diversidade de aves.Currently the Cerrado biome is one of the most threatened in the world because high taxes of destruction, mostly by agriculture and cattle. Few assessments of local bird diversity have been made in this biome, particularly in non core areas. The Estação Ecológica de Itirapina (EEI) maintains one of the last natural grassland savannah remnants of state of São Paulo, south-east Brazil. We conducted casual and systematic observations of birds in this reserve between 1998 and 2007, which altogether with additional literature revision yielded 231 species with recent occurrence. We report 38 species (16.4%) threatened with extinction in São Paulo and/or endemic to the Cerrado Region, an impressive result in comparison to other cerrado areas in São Paulo and even in Central Brazil. These results reinforce the importance of EEI for bird conservation and mean EEI is maintaining its function as a conservation unity. However, as a result of several menaces observed to this reserve during our ten years study, we suggest some management practices for the maintenance or even increasing of bird diversity in this reserve

Digital Transformation: Understanding the Leadership Skills Needed

This research study discusses the relationship between digital transformation and the development of leadership skills. Becoming digital is a requisite for survival today. However, while waves of technology — automation, additive manufacturing, AI — are washing over the corporate world, redefining the nature of work and productivity, there are no playbooks and few best practices for manufacturers’ digital transformation (Moldoveanu & Narayandas, 2019). The U.S. military coined the acronym VUCA (volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity) in the late 1990s, and it has become general shorthand for conditions leaders may encounter especially in digital transformation context and leaders need to be prepared for many types of turbulence or upheaval (Schoemaker, Heaton, & Teece, 2018). Bennis (2013) highlights that to face the digital revolution, it is necessary to lead with the capacity to understand the use of digital opportunities, tools, and instruments from this era. Kane (2019) adds that the most successful digital transformations begin with a change in the mentality of leaders, who need to develop for this challenge. It is worth noting that the search for the improvement of leadership skills is not something simple, as it requires a constant rethinking about the paths and methods to be adopted in the challenge of enhancing the skills of leaders. According to Klein (2020) digital leaders have to lead the DT so they could bring the organization through Industry 4.0 by managing the disruptive changes by motivating the employees. This way, a project has been developed in Brazilian organizations that are in the process of digital transformation. Initially, exploratory field research is being developed to understand the phenomenon and after a quantitative study will be proceed reaching a larger audience to understand what the skills are required of digital leaders, what are the best practices, among other findings. Thus, this research aims to encourage discussion of this topic. References Bennis, W. (2013). Leadership in a digital world: embracing transparency and adaptive capacity. Mis Quarterly, 37(2), 635-636. Kane, G. (2019). The Technology Fallacy: People Are the Real Key to Digital Transformation. Research-Technology Management, 62(6), 44-49. Klein, M. (2020). Leadership Characteristics In The Era Of Digital Transformation. Business & Management Studies: An International Journal, 8(1), 883-902. Moldoveanu, M., & Narayandas, D. (2019). The future of leadership development. Harvard Business Review, 97(2), 40-48. Schoemaker, P. J., Heaton, S., & Teece, D. (2018). Innovation, dynamic capabilities, and leadership. California Management Review, 61(1), 15-42

Definição de parâmetros de dinâmica e qualidade da água para o gerenciamento em reservatório profundo de hidrelétrica subtropical tipo cânion

Spatial and temporal variability patterns of water quality were evaluated through monthly collection of water samples (surface, subsurface and bottom) from 2005 to 2012. Principal Component Analysis was used to define the relative importance of each variable and Anova (two way) to analyze the significance of differences in water quality in the longitudinal axis of the reservoir. The variables: turbidity, Secchi transparency, residence time and temperature have greater importance on water quality. It was observed spatial and temporal gradients, related to the circulation, sedimentation and resuspension processes, and the influence of low flow, high residence time and winter mixing of water column on the cycling of solids and nutrients may explain the variation in these processes. The use of multivariate statistical analysis methods provided important information to understand these processes, it helps the interpretation of complex data to improve monitoring, and use of information to decision makers.Os padrões de variabilidade espacial e temporal da qualidade da água foram avaliados através de coletas mensais de amostras de água (superfície, subsuperfície e fundo) de 2005 a 2012. A Análise de Componentes Principais foi utilizada para definir a importância relativa de cada variável e Anova (bidirecional) para analisar a significância das diferenças na qualidade da água no eixo longitudinal do reservatório. As variáveis: turbidez, transparência de Secchi, tempo de residência e temperatura têm maior importância na qualidade da água. Foram observados gradientes espaciais e temporais, relacionados aos processos de circulação, sedimentação e ressuspensão, e a influência da baixa vazão, alto tempo de residência e mistura invernal da coluna d’água na ciclagem de sólidos e nutrientes pode explicar a variação desses processos. A utilização de métodos de análise estatística multivariada forneceu informações importantes para a compreensão desses processos, auxilia na interpretação de dados complexos para melhorar o monitoramento e uso das informações para os tomadores de decisão

Cartografia e diplomacia: usos geopolíticos da informação toponímica (1750-1850)

O artigo explora dimensões geopolíticas da toponímia, registradas em documentos cartográficos, desde as reformas empreendidas pelo consulado pombalino em meados do século XVIII, até às primeiras décadas do século XIX, em meio ao processo de afirmação do Estado imperial pós-colonial.This paper explores the geopolitical dimensions of toponymy as registered in cartographic documents dating from the reforms pushed through by the consulate of Marquis of Pombal in the mid 18th century to the early decades of the 19th century, as the post-colonial imperial State established itself

Entre o oficial e o costumeiro: o exercício dos poderes e a espacialização da ruralidade no centro da América do Sul (primeira metade do século XVIII)

Analisamos aqui a relação entre o sistema administrativo português e a formação de ambientes rurais no centro da América do Sul, em territórios que, na primeira metade do século XVIII, integravam o extremo oeste do Estado do Brasil, no âmbito administrativo da capitania de São Paulo. A partir de um enfoque local, examinando correspondências entre autoridades metropolitanas e cartas de sesmarias, este artigo dialoga com a produção histórica sobre a administração portuguesa na América, buscando reconstruir aspectos generalizantes que possam revelar características estruturais da conquista da terra e da formação de ambientes rurais nos territórios portugueses na América.In this article we analyze the relationship between the Portuguese administrative system and formation of rural environments in the center of South America, in territories that in the first half of the eighteenth century comprised the extreme western part of the State of Brazil, under the administrative captaincy of Sao Paulo. From a local focus, analizing letters of metropolitan authorities and documentation of possession of land, this article dialogue with the historical production of the Portuguese administration in America, seeking rebuild generalizing aspects that may prove structural characteristics of the conquest of land and training of rural environments in Portuguese territories in America

Food habits of two syntopic canids, the maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) and the crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous), in southeastern Brazil Hábitos alimentarios de dos cánidos sintópicos, el aguara guazú (Chrysocyon brachyurus) y el zorro del monte (Cerdocyon thous), en el sudeste de Brasil

The maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) and the crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous) are two South American canids with large overlap in their geographic distribution. However, there are few data on the comparative ecology of these species. The aim of this research was to quantify the diet of these two canids living in syntopy at three levels: frequency of occurrence, minimum number of individuals preyed and estimated biomass ingested. Additionally, seasonality in the consumption of major groups of food items and aspects of prey size distribution were assessed. The study took place in the Experimental Station of Itapetininga, São Paulo State, Brazil. General results showed that both canids are omnivorous in accordance with other studies. By occurrences, the wolves consumed vegetal and animal food in similar proportions, whereas the foxes consumed more animals, mainly insects. In contrast, both canids ingested mainly animal food if biomass is considered. The maned wolf consumed more wolf's fruit (Solanum lycocarpum) and small mammals in the dry season, and miscellaneous fruits during the wet season. The crab-eating fox also ingested more miscellaneous fruits in the wet season, but the insects were mostly consumed during dry months. The crab-eating fox is more generalist than the maned wolf, but the wolf seems better able to handle distinct prey types. The distribution of prey sizes suggested separate food niches: while the maned wolf consumed a larger spectrum of prey sizes, especially small vertebrates between 10.1 and 100.0 g, the crab-eating fox consumed smaller prey, mainly insects between 0.01 and 0.1 gEl aguara guazú (Chrysocyon brachyurus) y el zorro del monte (Cerdocyon thous) son dos cánidos sudamericanos cuyas distribuciones geográficas se sobreponen extensamente. Sin embargo, hay pocos datos sobre la ecología comparativa de estas especies. El objetivo de esta investigación fue cuantificar la dieta de estos dos cánidos en sintopia en cuanto a tres niveles: frecuencia de ocurrencia, número mínimo de individuos depredados y biomasa ingerida estimada. Además, se evaluaron la estacionalidad en el consumo de grupos de presas mayores y la distribución de tamaño de las presas consumidas. El estudio tuvo lugar en la Estación Experimental de Itapetininga, en el Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Los resultados mostraron que ambos cánidos son omnívoros. El aguara guazú consumió partes vegetales y animales en proporciones similares, pero los zorros consumieron más presas animales, principalmente insectos. En relación a la biomasa de las presas, ambas especies consumieron presas animales. El aguara guazú consumió muchos frutos de Solanum lycocarpum y micromamíferos en la estación seca, mientras que los frutos misceláneos dominaron la dieta durante la estación lluviosa. El zorro del monte también ingirió más frutos misceláneos en la estación lluviosa, mientras que los insectos fueron principalmente consumidos en los meses secos. El zorro es más generalista que el aguara guazú, pero en lo que se refiere a habilidades de captura, el aguará parece ser capaz de manipular más tipos de presas y frutos diferentes. La distribución de tamaños de las presas consumidas sugiere una separación de nicho trófico entre ambas especies: mientras que el aguara guazú consumió un espectro más amplio de tamaños de presas, especialmente los vertebrados pequeños entre 10,1 y 100,0 g, el zorro consumió presas más pequeñas, principalmente insectos entre 0,01 y 0,1