EDUCATION IN COOPERATIVE CELLS AS A SOCIAL INNOVATION: A CASE STUDY IN THE BRAZILIAN SEMIARID

Social innovation’s fundamental objective is to promote life quality. Any new initiative with this purpose might be considered a social innovation. From this concept, it is perceived as social innovation the efforts of the Programa de Educa¸cão em Células Cooperativas (PRECE), an initiative originated in Pentecoste, a municipality in the state of Ceará, located in the Brazilian semiarid region. This program has benefitted hundreds of youngsters, enabling their access to knowledge and further approval in university entrance exams. The educational method of collaboration in cells made possible broadening the horizons of many youngsters coming from rural communities, even when lessons were ministered under a tree in the middle of a farm. The objective of this study is to identify the dimensions of social innovation, according to Tardif and Harrisson (2005), existing in the PRECE’s proposal. It is aimed to evidence how the initiative is composed, bringing to light the essential elements that make it social innovative. A case study of PRECE was carried out through qualitative research. Data were collected via semistructured interviews with members of the direction and coordination of the Program, and analyzed using the software NVivo 10. The results highlighted how the dimensions of social innovation are composed within PRECE. This research contributes by foregrounding a social initiative that has been capable of changing individual realities in the Brazilian semiarid and showing how such initiative is constituted in the social innovative perspective

Social innovation and the promotion of local economic development

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to propose a multidimensional view of social innovation. Design/methodology/approach – It offers a detailed analysis of the activities performed by ADEL (Agência de Desenvolvimento Econômico Local) – a regional non-governmental organization located in one of the poorest regions of Brazil – which is succeeding in engaging young people in the promotion of local development. The case was analysed drawing on the dimensions structured by researchers of one of the main centres of social innovation in the world, the Centre de Recherche sur Les Innovations Sociales (CRISES) based in Canada. Findings – The results found characterize ADEL as a social innovation based on the dimensions of social innovation described in the CRISES’ conceptual encyclopaedia (Tardif and Harrison, 2005). The results highlight the singularities of the case studied, which allowed the elaboration of a revisited table of dimensions proposed by the CRISES’ researchers. Research limitations/implications – For future studies, using the CRISES’ table as reference of analysis for other social innovations, the possibility suggested is the quantitative exploration of these dimensions. Originality/value – The originality of this article lies in the fact that it presents a representative social innovation for the Brazilian semiarid

Recurring violence against adolescents: an analysis of notifications

Objetivo: identificar la frecuencia de casos notificados de violencia recurrente contra adolescentes y su asociación con las características de la víctima, de la violencia y de los agresores. Método: estudio transversal, realizado con los datos notificados de violencias contra adolescentes, producidos por la Vigilancia Epidemiológica y registrados en el Sistema de Información de Agravamientos de Notificación (SINAN), de 2011 a 2018, en el estado de Espírito Santo, Brasil. Resultados: la frecuencia de violencia recurrente contra adolescentes fue de 46,4%. Se observó una mayor recurrencia de este agravio en el grupo de niñas (RP: 1,26; IC 95%: 1,15-1.38), en el rango de 10 a 14 años de edad (RP: 1,20; IC 95%: 1,13-1,28), y, personas con discapacidad/trastorno (RP:1,52; IC del 95%: 1,42-1,62). La violencia psicológica/negligencia fue un 30 % más frecuente en la recurrencia que la violencia autoinfligida. La residencia fue el lugar de mayor ocurrencia (RP: 1,56; IC del 95%: 1,37-1,77). Hubo una prevalencia 1,11 veces mayor de violencia recurrente cometida por agresores de 20 años o más y mayor evidencia en agresores masculinos (IC95%: 0,97-1,17). Conclusión: la violencia recurrente se asoció con las características de las víctimas, el agresor y el evento. La intersectorialidad en salud para reducir los casos de reincidencia de la violencia es crucial.Objetivo: identificar a frequência de casos notificados de violência recorrente contra adolescentes e sua associação com as características da vítima, da violência e dos agressores. Método: estudo transversal, realizado com os dados notificados de violências contra adolescentes, produzidos pela Vigilância Epidemiológica e registrados no Sistema de Informação de Agravos e Notificação (SINAN), no período de 2011 a 2018, no estado do Espírito Santo, Brasil. Resultados: a frequência de violência recorrente contra adolescentes foi de 46,4%. Observou-se maior recorrência desse agravo no grupo de meninas (RP: 1,26; IC95%: 1,15-1,38), na faixa de 10 a 14 anos de idade (RP: 1,20; IC95%: 1,13-1,28), e, pessoas com alguma deficiência/transtorno (RP:1,52; IC95%: 1,42-1,62). A violência psicológica/negligência foi 30% mais prevalente de recorrência do que a violência autoprovocada. A residência foi o local de maior ocorrência (RP: 1,56; IC95%: 1,37-1,77). Verificou-se prevalência 1,11 vezes maior de violência recorrente praticada por agressores com 20 anos de idade ou mais e uma evidência maior em agressores do sexo masculino (IC95%: 0,97-1,17). Conclusão: a violência recorrente esteve associada às características das vítimas, do agressor e do evento. A intersetorialidade em saúde para a redução dos casos de reincidência da violência é crucial.Objetivo: identificar a frequência de casos notificados de violência recorrente contra adolescentes e sua associação com as características da vítima, da violência e dos agressores. Método: estudo transversal, realizado com os dados notificados de violências contra adolescentes, produzidos pela Vigilância Epidemiológica e registrados no Sistema de Informação de Agravos e Notificação (SINAN), no período de 2011 a 2018, no estado do Espírito Santo, Brasil. Resultados: a frequência de violência recorrente contra adolescentes foi de 46,4%. Observou-se maior recorrência desse agravo no grupo de meninas (RP: 1,26; IC95%: 1,15-1,38), na faixa de 10 a 14 anos de idade (RP: 1,20; IC95%: 1,13-1,28), e, pessoas com alguma deficiência/transtorno (RP:1,52; IC95%: 1,42-1,62). A violência psicológica/negligência foi 30% mais prevalente de recorrência do que a violência autoprovocada. A residência foi o local de maior ocorrência (RP: 1,56; IC95%: 1,37-1,77). Verificou-se prevalência 1,11 vezes maior de violência recorrente praticada por agressores com 20 anos de idade ou mais e uma evidência maior em agressores do sexo masculino (IC95%: 0,97-1,17). Conclusão: a violência recorrente esteve associada às características das vítimas, do agressor e do evento. A intersetorialidade em saúde para a redução dos casos de reincidência da violência é crucial

Neutron radiographic testing of samples of special concrete containing recycled pet granules as aggregate

This study aimed at inspecting microcracks in test specimens of special concrete, through neutron radiography tests. The thermal neutron flux used was extracted from the J-9 irradiation channel, placed in the thermal column of Argonauta/IEN/CNEN/RJ reactor, where a neutron radiographic system is installed. The test specimens inspected were molded in a cylindrical shape, with standard concrete and modified concrete where coarse sand was substituted by granules of recycled PET. They were submitted to compression in a SHIMADSU UH F 1000 press, causing microcraks. Then, slices of 50 μm thickness were obtained using an electrical saw. Gadolinium nitrate was used as contrast liquid in order to enhance the visualization of those microcracks. The Neutron Radiography technique proved to be appropriate for this kind of inspection, allowing to clearly visualizing the microcracks. Recycled PET granules met ABNT standards, and may be used in the construction of low income people houses, as structural concrete (25 % PP) or house floors (25% to 50% PEAD). The mechanical properties of compression and elasticity demonstrated for this special concrete, on Civil Engineering conventional tests, and by the neutron radiographic images obtained, showed that its use is viable even for civil construction in areas subject to seismic events

Avaliação agroindustrial de variedades de cana-de-açúcar na região do Cariri Cearense

A field experiment was conducted on a clay alluvial eutrofic soil, in the Cariri area of the Southern Region of the State of Ceará, Brazil, with the purpose of studying the behavior of the following sugar cane varieties: Co 419, IANE 55-17, CB 45-3, CP 51-22, 8 4362, CP 60-1, Co 1007, Co 997, CP 53-76 and NA 56-79. A randomized complete block design with split plots was used with varieties as the whole plot, and harvests as the sub-plot, with four replications. The experiment was planted in August 1978, and four harvests were performed at 12 months interval. The varieties NA 56-79, CP 60-1 and CB 45-3 showed the highest cane and sugar production per hectare. In industrial yield (kg of recovered sugar per tone), in the harvest average, all of the varieties behaved satisfatorily, being NA 56-79, CP 53-76, C8 45-3 and Co 997 the best ones. The ratoon crop 2nd to 4td harvests-showed an increase in the number of tillers, and better industrial characteristics than those plants harvested in the first year after planting. On the other hand, the first harvest showed higher production of recovered sugar per hectare than the ratoon crops.Com a finalidade de estudar o comportamento de variedades de cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum spp.) e selecionar os melhores materiais genéticos para sua difusão e fomento na região do Cariri cearense, foi instalado, no município de Barbalha, CE, em solo aluvial eutrófico, um experimento com as variedades Co 419, IANE 55-17, CB 45-3, CP 51-22, B 4362, CP 60-1, Co 1007, Co 997, CP 53-76 e NA 56-79. O experimento foi conduzido em blocos ao acaso com parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. As variedades constituíram as parcelas, e os cortes, as subparcelas. O ensaio foi instalado em agosto de 1978, sendo efetuados quatro cortes: o primeiro na cana-planta, em agosto de 1979 e os demais, com intervalos de 12 meses. Em produção de cana e açúcar por área, os maiores destaques foram para as variedades NA 56-79, CP 60-1 e CB 45-3. Em rendimento industrial (Kg de açúcar recuperável por tonelada de cana) na média dos cortes, todas as variedades comportaram-se satisfatoriamente, sendo que NA 56-79, CP 53-76, CB 45-3 e Co 997 foram as melhores. A cana planta apresentou menor perfilhamento e menores índices, para os parâmetros tecnológicos estudados, do que as soqueiras. Por outro lado, os maiores índices para os parâmetros agronômicos e açúcar recuperável por hectare foram obtidos no primeiro corte

Ethanol production from tropical forage grasses

Foram avaliadas, durante dois anos agrícolas, várias gramíneas forrageiras tropicais – duas cultivares e três híbridos de capim-colonião (Panicum maximum Jacq.), duas cultivares de capim-elefante (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) e uma cultivar de sorgo forrageiro (Sorghum vulgare L.) - quanto aos seus potenciais de produção de etanol. Essas avaliações foram baseadas nas produções de matéria seca e nos teores de açúcares redutores fermentáveis de cada germoplasma. No primeiro ano agrícola (1982-83), durante o qual se praticou apenas um corte, o capim-elefante produziu 7.825 l/ha/ano, média de duas cultivares; o capim-colonião, 3.947 l/ha/ano, média de duas cultivares; e o sorgo forrageiro 2.890 l/ha/ano. Entretanto, no segundo ano agrícola (1983-84), durante o qual foram efetuados cinco cortes, em intervalos de 45 dias, a uma altura de 10 cm da superfície do solo, as cultivares de capim-colonião mostraram produções de etanol estatisticamente maiores - 5.148 l/ha/ano -, do que as de capim-elefante; 3.665 l/ha/ano. A razão da superioridade do capim-elefante na produção de etanol em regime de corte único parece estar na sua elevada produção de colmos, que constituem a parte da planta mais rica em celulose, matéria-prima para a produção de álcool, no caso. Os resultados confirmam a possibilidade de emprego dessas espécies de forrageiras tropicais como matéria-prima para produção de etanol em grande escala.Several tropical forage grasses - two cultivars and three hybrids of guineagrass (Panicum maximum Jacq.), two cultivars of elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) and one cultivar of forage sorghum (Sorghum vulgare L.), have been evaluated as to their ethanol production potentials, during two growing seasons. These estimates have been based on dry matter yields and fermentable reducing sugar contents of each germplasm tested. In the first growing season (1982/83), during which just one harvest was carried out late in the season, the elephant grass significantly outyielded (7,825 liters/ha/year - average of two cultivars) the guineagrass (3,947 liters/ha/year - average of two cultivars) and the forage sorghum (2,890 liters/ha/year). However, in the second growing season (1983/84), during which five clippings were done with a frequency of 45 days and at a clipping height of 10 cm, the guineagrass cultivars showed statistically higher ethanol yields (5,148 liters/ha/ year) than those of elephant grass germplasms (3,665 liters/ha/year). The reason for the elephant grass superiority, in ethanol production, over the other tropical forage grasses during the first growing season, appears to be its outstanding culm production, plant part that is rich in cellulose, the raw material for alcohol production in the case. The results confirmed the feasibility of using tropical forage grass species as raw materials in large scale ethanol production schemes.

Percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty in comparison with open mitral valve commissurotomy for mitral stenosis during pregnancy

OBJECTIVES We sought to compare the maternal and fetal outcomes of patients with severe mitral stenosis submitted to percutaneous balloon dilation Versus open mitral valve commissurotomy (MVC) during pregnancy.BACKGROUND Heart failure in patients with mitral stenosis complicating pregnancy is a common problem in developing countries. Since 1984, percutaneous dilation of the mitral valve using a balloon catheter has become a therapeutic alternative to open heart surgery. Although the efficacy of percutaneous mitral valve balloon dilation is well established, its results have never before been compared viith the results of commissurotomy during pregnancy.METHODS We compared the clinical and obstetric complications in 45 women who were treated with percutaneous mitral valve balloon dilation (group I, n = 21; from 1990 to 1995) or open MVC (group II, n = 24; from 1985 to 1990) for severe heart failure due to mitral stenosis during pregnancy.RESULTS in our study, percutaneous balloon dilation of the mitral. valve had a success rate of 95% (Gorlin formula) and 90.5% (echocardiographic pressure half-time method), as demonstrated by the final mitral valve area achieved. This improvement was followed by a marked decrease in the mitral valve gradient, left atrial pressure and mean pulmonary artery pressure. Patients in both groups had similar improvements in symptoms. Patients who underwent percutaneous balloon dilation had significantly fewer fetal complications, with a reduction in fetal and neonatal mortality (1 death in group I vs. 8 in group II, p = 0.025).CONCLUSIONS Percutaneous balloon mitral valvuloplasty is safe and effective and appears to be preferable for the fetus, compared with open MVC during pregnancy. (J Am Coil Cardiol 2001;37:900-3) (C) 2001 by the American College of Cardiology.Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Cardiol, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Cardiovasc Surg, São Paulo, BrazilSt Vincents Hosp & Med Ctr, Comprehens Cardiovasc Ctr, New York, NY 10011 USAUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Cardiol, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Cardiovasc Surg, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Use of transesophageal echocardiography during implantation of aortic endoprosthesis (stent). Initial experience

OBJECTIVE: To report the role played by transesophageal echocardiography during implantation of self-expanding aortic endoprostheses (stent) at a hemodynamics laboratory. METHODS: Thirteen patients underwent stent implantation in the descending thoracic aorta with the aid of transesophageal echocardiography during the entire procedure. Indications for stenting were as follows: 8 aortic dissections, 2 true aneurysms, 2 penetrating atherosclerotic ulcers, and 1 traumatic pseudoaneurysm. RESULTS: No complications resulting from the use of transesophageal echocardiography were observed. In 12 patients, the initial result was considered appropriate, with total or partial resolution of the major lesion confirmed by a posterior examination. In 1 patient, the procedure was suspended after transesophageal echocardiography and angiography showed that the proximal aortic diameter was inappropriate. Transesophageal echocardiography contributed to clarifying relevant points, such as aortic diameter, anatomic detail of the intimal lesion, and location and size of the communicating orifice. In addition, it facilitated placing the stent in the target lesion, reduced the time of exposure to radiation and the use of contrast medium, and provided rapid identification of intercurrent events, possibly reducing the total duration of the procedure. CONCLUSION: The use of transesophageal echocardiography during placement of aortic stents seems appropriate. The actual advantages of the procedure will be defined in a comparative prospective study.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de MedicinaUNIFESP, EPMSciEL

Severe Hyponatremia and hypokalemia: a potentially fatal clinical and nutrological condition in the emergency room: a case report

Electrolyte imbalances are common in clinical practice. However, if untreated they can lead to severe complications including neurologic disturbances, cardiac rhythm alterations and even death. They can be diagnosed by a detailed clinical history, a careful physical examination and serum determinations. Their etiology is broad, including renal and extra-renal losses, use of medication without medical supervision and low intake from foods. The present case describes a patient attended at the emergency room complaining of epigastric pain, nausea, vomiting and weakness that resolved after electrolyte reposition