Acute coronary syndromes in the emergency department

As síndromes isquêmicas miocárdicas Instáveis (SIMI) são freqüentes na Sala de Urgência (SU) e o seu não reconhecimento ou tratamento inadequado implicam em elevada morbimortalidade. A conduta, no ambiente da SU, é dependente do risco, estimado a partir de aspectos de história e exame físico, parâmetros eletrocardiográficos e da dosagem de marcadores séricos de necrose miocárdica. Os princípios terapêuticos das SIMIs com supradesnivelamento de ST ao eletrocardiograma (infarto agudo do miocárdio) e das SIMIs sem supradesnivelamento de ST (angina instável e infarto agudo sem supradesnível de ST) são revisados neste artigo.Acute Coronary Syndromes (ACS) are very frequent in the emergency department and the lack of proper diagnosis or inadequate treatment imply great morbidity and mortality. The ACS treatment is dependent on the risk, estimated by medical history and physical examination, eletrocardiographic parameters and serologic necrosis markers. The therapeutic principles for ACS with ST elevation (acute myocardial infarction) and of the ACS without ST elevation (unstable angina and acute myocardial infarction without ST elevation) are reviewed

Pré-excitação ventricular como causa de disfunção ventricular esquerda parcialmente reversível com ablação da via anômala.

A pré-excitação ventricular é causa rara de cardiomiopatia induzida ou mediada por arritmias. As vias acessórias à direita, especificamente com padrão de bloqueio de ramo esquerdo podem causar disfunção ventricular, pela ativação ventricular anormal resultante da condução anterógrada pela VA pode causar dessincronismo atrioventricular, interventricular e intraventricular, com contração assíncrona da parede ventricular e regurgitação mitral. Descrevemos uma paciente assintomática, com eletrocardiograma exibindo pré-excitação ventricular, padrão de BRE e disfunção ventricular sistólica moderada. Estudo eletrofisiológico demonstrou via acessória de localização anterior e com período refratário anterógrado de 600ms, realizando-se ablação por radiofrequência com sucesso e significativa melhora da função ventricular

2 nd Brazilian Consensus on Chagas Disease, 2015

Abstract Chagas disease is a neglected chronic condition with a high burden of morbidity and mortality. It has considerable psychological, social, and economic impacts. The disease represents a significant public health issue in Brazil, with different regional patterns. This document presents the evidence that resulted in the Brazilian Consensus on Chagas Disease. The objective was to review and standardize strategies for diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and control of Chagas disease in the country, based on the available scientific evidence. The consensus is based on the articulation and strategic contribution of renowned Brazilian experts with knowledge and experience on various aspects of the disease. It is the result of a close collaboration between the Brazilian Society of Tropical Medicine and the Ministry of Health. It is hoped that this document will strengthen the development of integrated actions against Chagas disease in the country, focusing on epidemiology, management, comprehensive care (including families and communities), communication, information, education, and research

Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, but few effective long-term treatments are available. In cardiovascular trials of inhibitors of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), exploratory results have suggested that such drugs may improve renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease to receive canagliflozin, an oral SGLT2 inhibitor, at a dose of 100 mg daily or placebo. All the patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 30 to <90 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area and albuminuria (ratio of albumin [mg] to creatinine [g], >300 to 5000) and were treated with renin–angiotensin system blockade. The primary outcome was a composite of end-stage kidney disease (dialysis, transplantation, or a sustained estimated GFR of <15 ml per minute per 1.73 m2), a doubling of the serum creatinine level, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes. Prespecified secondary outcomes were tested hierarchically. RESULTS The trial was stopped early after a planned interim analysis on the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring committee. At that time, 4401 patients had undergone randomization, with a median follow-up of 2.62 years. The relative risk of the primary outcome was 30% lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group, with event rates of 43.2 and 61.2 per 1000 patient-years, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59 to 0.82; P=0.00001). The relative risk of the renal-specific composite of end-stage kidney disease, a doubling of the creatinine level, or death from renal causes was lower by 34% (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.81; P<0.001), and the relative risk of end-stage kidney disease was lower by 32% (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.86; P=0.002). The canagliflozin group also had a lower risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.95; P=0.01) and hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.80; P<0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of amputation or fracture. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease, the risk of kidney failure and cardiovascular events was lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group at a median follow-up of 2.62 years