Sulfurated and oxygenated imidazoline derivatives: Synthesis, antioxidant activity and light‐mediated antibacterial activity

Imidazoline derivatives with different exocyclic substituents were simply prepared from common starting materials. The procedures were carried out in an eco-friendly manner. The antioxidant activity of these derivatives was explored by different experimental assays, such as ABTS.+ and DPPH. scavenging assay, as well as reducing power assay. The structural differences are discussed in terms of the results. Sulfur analogs showed higher antioxidant activity than their oxygenated counterparts. The same tendency was observed in microbiological studies, in which the same imidazoline compounds were assayed for light-mediated activity against of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli strains. A light-enhanced activity was observed for almost all the sulfated imidazolines after exposure to UV-A (400-320 nm) light.Fil: Faillace, Martín Sebastián. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Silva, Ana Paula. Universidade Federal do Piaui; BrasilFil: Alves Borges Leal, Antonio Linkoln. Universidade Federal do Piaui; BrasilFil: Muratori da Costa, Luciana. Universidade Federal do Piaui; BrasilFil: Barreto, Humberto Medeiros. Universidade Federal do Piaui; BrasilFil: Peláez, Walter José. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Físico-química de Córdoba; Argentin

Culture proven bacterial endophthalmitis: a 6-year review

PURPOSE: To assess the distribution of microorganisms isolated from patients with bacterial endophthalmitis and their antimicrobial susceptibility. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of medical and microbiological records of patients with suspected diagnosis of endophthalmitis and bacterial culture-proven at the Department of Ophthalmology, UNIFESP, between January 1 2000 and December 31 2005. RESULTS: 153 (33.9%) of 451 patients showed positive bacterial culture. A total of 155 microorganisms were isolated, 79.35% were gram-positive and 20.65% gram-negative. Staphylococcus (CoNS) (41.94%) were the most frequently isolated. The antimicrobial susceptibility for gram-negative microorganisms was as follows: amikacin 87.10%, tobramycin 80.65%, ciprofloxacin 96.67%, levofloxacin, gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin 100%, ceftazidime 85.0%, and gentamicin 80.65%. Vancomycin sensitivity among gram-positive microorganisms was 100%. S. aureus and CoNS showed 83.33% of susceptibility to oxacillin, 89.61% to ciprofloxacin and 100% to gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin. The main acquisition mechanism was postoperative (60.65%). CONCLUSION: We detected a low sensitivity of vitreous/aqueous culture for the etiologic diagnosis of endophthalmitis. The empiric antimicrobial therapy or prophylaxis should be active against gram-positive bacteria, particularly staphylococci. Surveillance studies of bacterial resistance are important for a better utilization of antimicrobials in this clinical setting.OBJETIVO: Determinar a distribuição dos microrganismos isolados de pacientes com endoftalmite bacteriana e sua sensibilidade a antimicrobianos. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados retrospectivamente os dados clínicos e microbiológicos dos pacientes com hipótese diagnóstica de endoftalmite e cultura bacteriana positiva, atendidos no Departamento de Oftalmologia da UNIFESP de 1º de janeiro de 2000 a 31 de dezembro de 2005. RESULTADOS: De 451 pacientes, 153 (33,9%) apresentaram cultura bacteriana positiva. Foram isolados 155 microrganismos, sendo 79,35% gram-positivos e 20,65% gram-negativos. Os Staphylococcus coagulase-negativos (SCoN) (41,94%) foram os mais freqüentemente isolados. A sensibilidade aos antimicrobianos entre os gram-negativos foi: amicacina 87,10%, tobramicina 80,65%, ciprofloxacina 96,67%, levofloxacina, gatifloxacina e moxifloxacina 100%, ceftazidima 85%, e gentamicina 80,65%. A sensibilidade à vancomicina entre os gram-positivos foi de 100%. S. aureus e SCoN apresentaram 83,33% de sensibilidade à oxacilina, 89,61% à ciprofloxacina e 100% à gatifloxacina e moxifloxacina. A forma de aquisição predominante foi a pós-operatória (60,65%). CONCLUSÃO: Observamos baixa sensibilidade da cultura para o diagnóstico etiológico das endoftalmites. Uma terapia antimicrobiana ou profilaxia empírica deve ser ativa contra os microrganismos gram-positivos, particularmente contra estafilococos. Estudos de vigilância de resistência bacteriana são importantes para adequação desses esquemas.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) - UNIFESP Departamento de Medicina Laboratório Especial de Microbiologia Clínica - LEMCUNIFESP Departamento de OftalmologiaFundação Faculdade Federal de Ciências Médicas de Porto Alegre - FFFCMPA Departamento de Microbiologia e ParasitologiaUNIFESP Departamento de Oftalmologia Laboratório de MicrobiologiaUNIFESP Departamento de Oftalmologia Laboratório de Microbiologia OcularUNIFESP Departamento de Medicina Laboratório Especial de Microbiologia ClínicaUNIFESP, Depto. de Medicina Laboratório Especial de Microbiologia Clínica - LEMCUNIFESP, Depto. de OftalmologiaUNIFESP, Depto. de Oftalmologia Laboratório de MicrobiologiaUNIFESP, Depto. de Oftalmologia Laboratório de Microbiologia OcularUNIFESP, Depto. de Medicina Laboratório Especial de Microbiologia ClínicaSciEL

Conhecimento de médicos e enfermeiros sobre dor em pacientes submetidos à craniotomia

OBJETIVOS: caracterizar el perfil de los médicos y enfermeros que cuidan a pacientes en postoperatorio de craniotomia, verificar métodos de evaluación del dolor e identificar la existencia de protocolos de analgesia. MÉTODO: estudio transversal y analítico. La casuística se constituye por 30 médicos y 30 enfermeros. RESULTADOS: 83,3% de los enfermeros eran del sexo femenino, 63,3% conocían escalas de dolor, y 16,6% afirmaron existir protocolos de analgesia. En cuanto a los médicos 60% eran del sexo masculino, 70% conocían las escalas de dolor, 3,3% poseía especialización en tratamiento del dolor, 13,3% afirmaron existir protocolos de analgesia. CONCLUSIÓN: el desconocimiento de los médicos y enfermeros a respeto de las escalas de evaluación y métodos de evaluación del dolor revela la necesidad de la creación de políticas institucionales sobre el control del dolor, uso de instrumentos de mensuración del fenómeno doloroso y protocolos de analgesia en la institución.OBJETIVOS: caracterizar o perfil dos médicos e enfermeiros que cuidam de pacientes em pós-operatório de craniotomia, verificar métodos de avaliação da dor e identificar a existência de protocolos de analgesia. MÉTODO: este é um estudo transversal e analítico. A casuística constitui-se por 30 médicos e 30 enfermeiros. RESULTADOS: 83,3% dos enfermeiros era composto por mulheres, 63,3% conheciam escalas de dor e 16,6% afirmaram existir protocolos de analgesia. Quanto aos médicos, 60% pertenciam ao sexo masculino, 70% conheciam as escalas de dor, 3,3% possuíam especialização em tratamento da dor, 13,3% afirmaram existir protocolos de analgesia. CONCLUSÃO: o desconhecimento dos médicos e enfermeiros a respeito das escalas de avaliação e métodos de avaliação da dor revela a necessidade da criação de políticas institucionais sobre o controle da dor, uso de instrumentos de mensuração do fenômeno doloroso e protocolos de analgesia na instituição.The study objectives were to characterize the profile of the doctors and nurses caring for patients in the craniotomy postoperative period, checking pain assessment methods and to identify the existence of analgesia protocols. Cross-sectional and analytical study. The casuistry is constituted of 30 doctors and 30 nurses. The results revealed that 83.3 % of the nurses were female, 63.3% knew pain scales, and 16.6% said that analgesia protocols exist. Regarding doctors 60% were male, 70% knew the pain scales, 3.3% had specialization in pain treatment, 13.3% they stated that there are analgesia protocols. The ignorance on the part of doctors and nurses about the assessment scales and pain assessment methods reveals the need for the creation of institutional policies on controlling pain, the use of instruments for the measurement of the pain phenomenon and analgesia protocols in the institution

Molecular characterization of pre-extensive drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Northeast Brazil

In Fortaleza, the capital of Ceara State, Brazil, the detection rate of tuberculosis (TB) in 2018 was 65.5/100,000 inhabitants with a cure rate of 59.1%, which is higher than the country average. This study investigated the risk factors associated with drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) and identified the drug-resistance phenotype and resistance-conferring mutations. The geographic distribution of DR-TB in Fortaleza, Brazil, was also determined. From March 2017 to February 2018, 41 DR-TB isolates and 69 drug-susceptible pulmonary TB isolates were obtained from patients seen at a referral hospital in Fortaleza, Brazil. Samples were subjected to phenotypic and genetic analysis of resistance; the spatial distribution of the participants was also analyzed. Primary resistance was high (50.9%) among participants. The following risk factors for DR were identified: being female (p = 0.03), having diabetes (p < 0.01), history of previous TB disease (p < 0.01), and the number of intra-domiciliary contacts (p < 0.01). Analysis by multiplex allele-specific polymerase chain reaction detected mutations in the genes katG (65.8%), rpoB (43.9%), inhA promoter (14.6%), and gyrA (9.8%). Sequencing identified mutations in the the genes katG (75.6%), inhA promoter (19.5%), rpoB (85.4%), and gyrA (100%). There was no mutation in the rrs gene. Spatial analysis showed DR-TB isolates distributed in areas of low socioeconomic status in the city of Fortaleza. Our results emphasized the importance of detecting resistance to TB drugs. The resistance found in the gene gyrA is of concern due to the high number of pre-extensive DR-TB cases in Fortaleza