Efeitos do treinamento autógeno na atividade cerebral e sobre a ansiedade em indivíduos com altos níveis ansiogênicos

Anxiety has an important role for the species, its presence is necessary for the survival of the individual, assuming the role of defense and preservation, but at high levels causes cognitive and social deficits for those who experience it. The emergence of meditative techniques and relaxation appear as therapeutic possibilities for reducing anxiety levels. Among the most diverse techniques, Schultz's Autogenic Training (TA) emerges as a practical, versatile and inexpensive modality to reduce anxiety and promote a state of well-being. Its applicability to any individual makes it a known practice. The first theoretical study had as objective to carry out a bibliographic survey of studies in the last ones that approach the applicability of the technique for reduction of anxiety The second empirical study, had as objective to verify the effect of the intervention in anxious individuals, observing changes perceived by an anxiety scale and electrophysiological activity through the EEG. Observed a literature that points to the effectiveness of the technique for reduction of anxiety levels and the data of the empirical study noticed changes in the anxiety scores, reducing their perceived levels and the analysis of the electrophysiological activity observed the activation of areas implicated in emotional and attentional processes present in meditative practices. The results of the empirical study suggest that the individuals submitted to the TA presented a significant reduction of the scores on the anxiety scale and presented activation of specific brain regions. It is concluded that TA consists of a technique that may be indicated to provide reduction of anxiety levels.NenhumaA ansiedade possui um papel importante para a espécie, sua presença é necessária para a sobrevivência do indivíduo, assumindo o papel de defesa e preservação, porém em níveis elevados acarreta déficits cognitivos e sociais para aqueles que a experenciam. A emergência de técnicas meditativas e relaxamentos surgem como possibilidades terapêuticas para redução dos níveis de ansiedade. Entre as mais diversas técnicas, o Treinamento Autógeno (TA) de Schultz, surge como modalidade prática, versátil e de baixo custo para redução da ansiedade e promoção de um estado de bem estar. Sua aplicabilidade para qualquer indivíduo a torna uma prática conhecida. O primeiro estudo de natureza teórica teve como objetivo realizar um levantamento bibliográfico de estudos nos últimos que abordem a aplicabilidade da técnica para redução da ansiedade. O segundo estudo de caráter empírico, possuiu como objetivo verificar o efeito da intervenção em indivíduos ansiosos, observando mudanças percebidas por uma escala de ansiedade e a atividade eletrofisiológica por meio do EEG. Foi observada uma literatura que aponta para eficácia da técnica para redução dos níveis de ansiedade e os dados do estudo empírico notaram mudanças nos escores de ansiedade, reduzindo seus níveis percebidos e a análise da atividade eletrofisiológica observou a ativação de áreas implicadas em processos emocionais e atencionais presentes em práticas meditativas. Os resultados do estudo empírico sugerem que os indivíduos submetidos ao TA apresentaram redução significativa dos escores na escala de ansiedade e apresentaram ativação de especificas regiões cerebrais. Conclui-se que o TA consiste de uma técnica que pode ser indicada para proporcionar redução dos níveis ansiedade

30 years later: Social Representations about AIDS and sexual practices of rural towns residents

In the 30 years of the AIDS pandemic in Brazil, it is recognized the HIV virus internalization of the phenomenon as a challenge to care and current health policies. In this sense, it aimed to verify sex practices and social representations that rural towns residents have about the disease. Attended by 789 people, men and women, between 18 and 90 years old, residents in 41 towns with fewer than 11,000 inhabitants in the state of Paraiba / Brazil. Data were collected by a questionnaire and the free association of words test. The results showed low concern about disease, perception of invulnerability to HIV infection and not using condoms during sexual intercourse, and confidence in the major reason related partner. Also showed endure derogatory and stereotypical representations, revealing that still persist in rural areas, beliefs and representations concerning the beginning of the epidemic. From these findings, it is possible to point out deficiencies in the care provided by the health services in these localities, which may result in increased vulnerability of this population to diseases, so there is the need to intensify information campaigns and intervention. The results reveal the existence of three different types of modes of learning health literacy skills in informal context: : i) learning that takes place in action, in achieving daily tasks; ii) learning processes that result from problem solving; iii) learning that occurs in an unplanned manner, resulting from accidental circumstances and, in some cases, devoid of intentionality

Perianal leiomyoma

Leiomyomas are smooth muscle tumors and may occur in places where these fibers are present, while the anorectal location is rare. They are commonly incidental imaging findings and in most cases, patients are asymptomatic. The therapeutic recommendation is tumor resection and postoperative follow-up. Case report: a 38-year-old Black woman had, one year ago, a swelling in perianal right region, which showed slow and progressive growth. She denied bowel habit alterations, local pain, hematochezia, or tenesmus. Proctologic examination showed a fibroelastic, regular, mobile, painless nodule measuring 10 cm at its largest diameter in the right perianal region, next to the anal verge. The soft tissue ultrasound image identified a solid, hypoechoic, and discreetly vascularized nodule in the perianal, superficial right gluteal region that did not reach the adjacent muscles. A complete resection of perineal tumor was carried out in the ventral position. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses disclosed a leiomyoma with a positive finding for actin smooth muscle and negative for desmin. She is currently asymptomatic and undergoing outpatient follow-up. Resumo: Os leiomiomas são tumores da musculatura lisa podendo ocorrer nos locais onde essas fibras estão presentes, sendo rara a localização anorretal. Na maioria dos casos os pacientes são assintomáticos, sendo comumente achados de exame de imagem. A recomendação terapêutica é a ressecção tumoral e o seguimento pós-operatório. Relato do caso: mulher, 38 anos, negra. Há um ano, apresentou abaulamento em região perianal direita, de crescimento lento e progressivo. Negava alteração do hábito intestinal, dor local, hematoquezia, puxo ou tenesmo. Ao exame proctológico, apresentava nodulação fibroelástica, regular, móvel, indolor, com 10 cm de diâmetro em região perianal à direita, próxima à borda anal. Realizou ultrassonografia de partes moles que identificou imagem nodular, sólida, hipoecogênica e discreta vascularização em parte superficial perianal e glútea direita, não envolvendo musculatura adjacente. Foi submetida à ressecção completa do tumor via perineal, em posição ventral. O laudo histológico e imuno-histoquímico revelou leiomioma, com achado positivo para actina de músculo liso e negativo para desmina. Atualmente está assintomática, em seguimento ambulatorial. Keywords: Gastrointestinal neoplasia, Gastrointestinal stromal tumors, Leiomyoma, Anal canal, Palavras-chave: Neoplasias gastrointestinais, Tumores do estroma gastrointestinal, Leiomioma, Canal ana

Interaction between Work and Metabolic Syndrome: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a clinical condition and a relevant risk factor in the development of cardiovascular diseases; it occurs as a result of lifestyle factors, e.g., work. The aim of this research was to estimate the interaction between work and MS among primary health care (PHC) nursing professionals in the state of Bahia, Brazil. A sectional multicentered study carried out in 43 municipalities in Bahia, whose study population consisted of nursing professionals. The exposure variables were occupation, professional exhaustion, and working time, and the outcome variable was MS. Interaction measures based on the additivity criteria were verified by calculating the excess risks due to the interactions and according to the proportion of cases attributed to the interactions and the synergy index. The global MS prevalence is 24.4%. There was a greater magnitude in the exposure group regarding the three investigated factors (average level occupation, professional exhaustion, and working time in PHC for more than 5 years), reaching an occurrence of 44.9% when compared to the prevalence of 13.1% in the non-exposure group (academic education, without professional burnout, and working time in PHC for up to 5 years). The study’s findings showed a synergistic interaction of work aspects for MS occurrence among PHC nursing professionals