Frequency Analyzer: a new teaching app for Android

[EN] In this paper we present an application for Android mobile device able of measuring the fundamental frequency of a sound very precisely. This application may be used in diverse fields as in music for tuning musical instruments, in physics for measuring the Doppler effect or in speech recognition systems to determine the fundamental frequency of the voice. Specifically, in this paper we present some examples in the field of physics related to the Doppler effect for sound waves[ES] En este trabajo se presenta una aplicación para dispositivo móvil Android capaz de medir la frecuencia fundamental de un sonido de forma muy precisa. Esta aplicación puede ser utilizada en campos tan diversos como la música para afinar instrumentos musicales, en física para la medida del efecto Doppler o en sistemas de reconocimiento del habla para determinar la frecuencia fundamental de la voz. En concreto, en este trabajo presentamos algunos ejemplos en el campo de la física relacionados con el efecto Doppler para ondas acústicas.Gómez-Tejedor, JA.; Monsoriu Serra, JA. (2014). Analizador de Frecuencia: una nueva aplicación docente para Android. Modelling in Science Education and Learning. 7:17-24. doi:10.4995/msel.2014.2085SWORD17247Baker, B. (2005). Dozen: Real analog solutions for digital designers. Burlington, Massachusetts: Elsevier.Butterworth, S. (1930). On the theory of filter amplifiers. Experimental Wireless and the Wireless Engineer, 7, 536–541.Cramer, O. (1993). The variation of the specific heat ratio and the speed of sound in air with temperature, pressure, humidity, and CO2 concentration. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 93(5), 2510-2516. doi:10.1121/1.405827Doppler, C. (1842). Uber das farbige licht der doppelsterne und einiger anderer gestirne des himmels. Abhand-lungen der k. b ̈hm. Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften, 2, 465-482.Tipler, P. A., & Mosca, G. (2008). Physics for scientists and engineers. New York: W.H. Freeman and Company

Cilastatin Attenuates Cisplatin-Induced Proximal Tubular Cell Damage

A major area in cancer therapy is the search for protective strategies against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. We investigated the protective effect of cilastatin on cisplatininduced injury to renal proximal tubular cells. Cilastatin is a specific inhibitor of renal dehydrodipeptidase I (DHP-I), which prevents hydrolysis of imipenem and its accumulation in the proximal tubule. Primary cultures of proximal cells were treated with cisplatin (1–30 M) in the presence or absence of cilastatin (200 g/ml). Apoptosis and mitochondrial injury were assessed by different techniques. Cisplatin uptake and DNA binding were measured by inductively coupled plasma spectrometry. HeLa cells were used to control the effect of cilastatin on the tumoricidal activity of cisplatin. Cisplatin increased cell death, apoptotic-like morphology, caspase activation, and mitochondrial injury in proximal tubular cells in a dose- and time-dependent way. Concomitant treatment with cilastatin reduced cisplatin-induced changes. Cilastatin also reduced the DNA-bound platinum but did not modify cisplatin-dependent up-regulation of death receptors (Fas) or ligands (tumor necrosis factor , Fas ligand). In contrast, cilastatin did not show any effects on cisplatintreated HeLa cells. Renal DHP-I was virtually absent in HeLa cells. Cilastatin attenuates cisplatin-induced cell death in proximal tubular cells without reducing the cytotoxic activity of cisplatin in tumor cells. Our findings suggest that the affinity of cilastatin for renal dipeptidase makes this effect specific for proximal tubular cells and may be related to a reduction in intracellular drug accumulation. Therefore, cilastatin administration might represent a novel strategy in the prevention of cisplatin-induced acute renal injury

Effect of an organotin catalyst on the physicochemical properties and biocompatibility of castor oil-based polyurethane/cellulose composites

[EN] Polyurethane/cellulose composites were synthesized from castor-oil-derived polyols and isophorone diisocyanate using dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL) as the catalyst. Materials were obtained by adding 2% cellulose in the form of either microcrystals (20 lm) or nanocrystals obtained by acid hydrolysis. The aim was to assess the effects of filler particle size and the use of a catalyst on the physicochemical properties and biological response of these composites. The addition of the catalyst was found to be essential to prevent filler aggregations and to enhance the tensile strength and elongation at break. The cellulose particle size influenced the composite properties, as its nanocrystals heighten hydrogen bond interactions between the filler surface and polyurethane domains, improving resistance to hydrolytic degradation. All hybrids retained cell viability, and the addition of DBTDL did not impair their biocompatibility. The samples were prone to calcification, which suggests that they could find application in the development of bioactive materials.Universidad de La Sabana supported this work under Grant No. ING-176-2016. S.V.V. acknowledges the Universidad de La Sabana for the Teaching Assistant Scholarship for his master's studies. J.A.G.T. and A.V.L. acknowledge the support of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) through project DPI2015-65401-C3-2-R (including FEDER financial support). The authors acknowledge the assistance and advice of the Electron Microscopy Service of the UPV. CIBER-BBN is an initiative funded by the VI National R&D&I Plan 2008-2011, Iniciativa Ingenio 2010, Consolider Program. CIBER Actions are financed by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III with assistance from the European Regional Development Fund.Villegas-Villalobos, S.; Diaz, L.; Vilariño, G.; Vallés Lluch, A.; Gómez-Tejedor, J.; Valero, M. (2018). Effect of an organotin catalyst on the physicochemical properties and biocompatibility of castor oil-based polyurethane/cellulose composites. Journal of Materials Research. 33(17):2598-2611. https://doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2018.286S259826113317Capadona, J. R., Van Den Berg, O., Capadona, L. A., Schroeter, M., Rowan, S. J., Tyler, D. J., & Weder, C. (2007). A versatile approach for the processing of polymer nanocomposites with self-assembled nanofibre templates. Nature Nanotechnology, 2(12), 765-769. doi:10.1038/nnano.2007.379Kaushik, A., & Garg, A. (2013). Castor Oil Based Polyurethane Nanocomposites with Cellulose Nanocrystallites Fillers. Advanced Materials Research, 856, 309-313. doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.856.309Yilgör, I., Yilgör, E., & Wilkes, G. L. (2015). Critical parameters in designing segmented polyurethanes and their effect on morphology and properties: A comprehensive review. Polymer, 58, A1-A36. doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2014.12.014Javni, I., Petrovi?, Z. S., Guo, A., & Fuller, R. (2000). Thermal stability of polyurethanes based on vegetable oils. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 77(8), 1723-1734. doi:10.1002/1097-4628(20000822)77:83.0.co;2-kGurunathan, T., Mohanty, S., & Nayak, S. K. (2015). Isocyanate terminated castor oil-based polyurethane prepolymer: Synthesis and characterization. Progress in Organic Coatings, 80, 39-48. doi:10.1016/j.porgcoat.2014.11.017Girouard, N. M., Xu, S., Schueneman, G. T., Shofner, M. L., & Meredith, J. C. (2016). Site-Selective Modification of Cellulose Nanocrystals with Isophorone Diisocyanate and Formation of Polyurethane-CNC Composites. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 8(2), 1458-1467. doi:10.1021/acsami.5b10723Saralegi, A., Gonzalez, M. L., Valea, A., Eceiza, A., & Corcuera, M. A. (2014). The role of cellulose nanocrystals in the improvement of the shape-memory properties of castor oil-based segmented thermoplastic polyurethanes. Composites Science and Technology, 92, 27-33. doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2013.12.001Senich, G. A., & MacKnight, W. J. (1980). Fourier Transform Infrared Thermal Analysis of a Segmented Polyurethane. Macromolecules, 13(1), 106-110. doi:10.1021/ma60073a021Prisacariu, C. (2011). Structural studies on polyurethane elastomers. Polyurethane Elastomers, 23-60. doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-0514-6_2Oprea, S., Potolinca, V. O., Gradinariu, P., Joga, A., & Oprea, V. (2016). Synthesis, properties, and fungal degradation of castor-oil-based polyurethane composites with different cellulose contents. Cellulose, 23(4), 2515-2526. doi:10.1007/s10570-016-0972-4Cao, X., Dong, H., & Li, C. M. (2007). New Nanocomposite Materials Reinforced with Flax Cellulose Nanocrystals in Waterborne Polyurethane. Biomacromolecules, 8(3), 899-904. doi:10.1021/bm0610368Omonov, T. S., Kharraz, E., & Curtis, J. M. (2017). Camelina (Camelina Sativa) oil polyols as an alternative to Castor oil. Industrial Crops and Products, 107, 378-385. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.05.041Yakovlev, Y. V., Gagolkina, Z. O., Lobko, E. V., Khalakhan, I., & Klepko, V. V. (2017). The effect of catalyst addition on the structure, electrical and mechanical properties of the cross-linked polyurethane/carbon nanotube composites. Composites Science and Technology, 144, 208-214. doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2017.03.034Tang, Z. G., Teoh, S. H., McFarlane, W., Poole-Warren, L. A., & Umezu, M. (2002). In vitro calcification of UHMWPE/PU composite membrane. Materials Science and Engineering: C, 20(1-2), 149-152. doi:10.1016/s0928-4931(02)00025-5Dave, V. J., & Patel, H. S. (2017). Synthesis and characterization of interpenetrating polymer networks from transesterified castor oil based polyurethane and polystyrene. Journal of Saudi Chemical Society, 21(1), 18-24. doi:10.1016/j.jscs.2013.08.001Lundin, J. G., Daniels, G. C., McGann, C. L., Stanbro, J., Watters, C., Stockelman, M., & Wynne, J. H. (2016). Multi-Functional Polyurethane Hydrogel Foams with Tunable Mechanical Properties for Wound Dressing Applications. Macromolecular Materials and Engineering, 302(3), 1600375. doi:10.1002/mame.201600375Oprea, S., Joga, A., Zorlescu, B., & Oprea, V. (2014). Effect of the hard segment structure on properties of resorcinol derivatives-based polyurethane elastomers. High Performance Polymers, 26(8), 859-866. doi:10.1177/0954008314533359Kumar, M. N. S., & Siddaramaiah. (2007). Thermo gravimetric analysis and morphological behavior of castor oil based polyurethane-polyester nonwoven fabric composites. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 106(5), 3521-3528. doi:10.1002/app.26826Datta, J., & Głowińska, E. (2014). Effect of hydroxylated soybean oil and bio-based propanediol on the structure and thermal properties of synthesized bio-polyurethanes. Industrial Crops and Products, 61, 84-91. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2014.06.050Conejero-García, Á., Gimeno, H. R., Sáez, Y. M., Vilariño-Feltrer, G., Ortuño-Lizarán, I., & Vallés-Lluch, A. (2017). Correlating synthesis parameters with physicochemical properties of poly(glycerol sebacate). European Polymer Journal, 87, 406-419. doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.01.001Fang, W., Arola, S., Malho, J.-M., Kontturi, E., Linder, M. B., & Laaksonen, P. (2016). Noncovalent Dispersion and Functionalization of Cellulose Nanocrystals with Proteins and Polysaccharides. Biomacromolecules, 17(4), 1458-1465. doi:10.1021/acs.biomac.6b00067Rudnik, E., Resiak, I., & Wojciechowski, C. (1998). Thermoanalytical investigations of polyurethanes for medical purposes. Thermochimica Acta, 320(1-2), 285-289. doi:10.1016/s0040-6031(98)00485-7Lundin, J. G., McGann, C. L., Daniels, G. C., Streifel, B. C., & Wynne, J. H. (2017). Hemostatic kaolin-polyurethane foam composites for multifunctional wound dressing applications. Materials Science and Engineering: C, 79, 702-709. doi:10.1016/j.msec.2017.05.084Meskinfam, M., Bertoldi, S., Albanese, N., Cerri, A., Tanzi, M. C., Imani, R., … Farè, S. (2018). Polyurethane foam/nano hydroxyapatite composite as a suitable scaffold for bone tissue regeneration. Materials Science and Engineering: C, 82, 130-140. doi:10.1016/j.msec.2017.08.064Narine, S. S., Kong, X., Bouzidi, L., & Sporns, P. (2006). Physical Properties of Polyurethanes Produced from Polyols from Seed Oils: I. Elastomers. Journal of the American Oil Chemists’ Society, 84(1), 55-63. doi:10.1007/s11746-006-1006-4Alagi, P., Choi, Y. J., Seog, J., & Hong, S. C. (2016). Efficient and quantitative chemical transformation of vegetable oils to polyols through a thiol-ene reaction for thermoplastic polyurethanes. Industrial Crops and Products, 87, 78-88. doi:10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.04.027Benhamou, K., Kaddami, H., Magnin, A., Dufresne, A., & Ahmad, A. (2015). Bio-based polyurethane reinforced with cellulose nanofibers: A comprehensive investigation on the effect of interface. Carbohydrate Polymers, 122, 202-211. doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.12.081Mondal, S., & Martin, D. (2012). Hydrolytic degradation of segmented polyurethane copolymers for biomedical applications. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 97(8), 1553-1561. doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2012.04.008Nguyen Dang, L., Le Hoang, S., Malin, M., Weisser, J., Walter, T., Schnabelrauch, M., & Seppälä, J. (2016). Synthesis and characterization of castor oil-segmented thermoplastic polyurethane with controlled mechanical properties. European Polymer Journal, 81, 129-137. doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2016.05.024Bondeson, D., Mathew, A., & Oksman, K. (2006). Optimization of the isolation of nanocrystals from microcrystalline cellulose by acid hydrolysis. Cellulose, 13(2), 171-180. doi:10.1007/s10570-006-9061-4Wik, V. M., Aranguren, M. I., & Mosiewicki, M. A. (2011). Castor oil-based polyurethanes containing cellulose nanocrystals. Polymer Engineering & Science, 51(7), 1389-1396. doi:10.1002/pen.21939Gao, Z., Peng, J., Zhong, T., Sun, J., Wang, X., & Yue, C. (2012). Biocompatible elastomer of waterborne polyurethane based on castor oil and polyethylene glycol with cellulose nanocrystals. Carbohydrate Polymers, 87(3), 2068-2075. doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.10.027Cherian, B. M., Leão, A. L., de Souza, S. F., Costa, L. M. M., de Olyveira, G. M., Kottaisamy, M., … Thomas, S. (2011). Cellulose nanocomposites with nanofibres isolated from pineapple leaf fibers for medical applications. Carbohydrate Polymers, 86(4), 1790-1798. doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.07.009Rocco, K. A., Maxfield, M. W., Best, C. A., Dean, E. W., & Breuer, C. K. (2014). In Vivo Applications of Electrospun Tissue-Engineered Vascular Grafts: A Review. Tissue Engineering Part B: Reviews, 20(6), 628-640. doi:10.1089/ten.teb.2014.0123Hocker, S. J. A., Hudson-Smith, N. V., Smith, P. T., Komatsu, C. H., Dickinson, L. R., Schniepp, H. C., & Kranbuehl, D. E. (2017). Graphene oxide reduces the hydrolytic degradation in polyamide-11. Polymer, 126, 248-258. doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2017.08.034Ryszkowska, J., Bil, M., Woźniak, P., Lewandowska, M., & Kurzydlowski, K. J. (2006). Influence of Catalyst Type on Biocompatibility of Polyurethanes. Materials Science Forum, 514-516, 887-891. doi:10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.514-516.887Golomb, G., & Wagner, D. (1991). Development of a new in vitro model for studying implantable polyurethane calcification. Biomaterials, 12(4), 397-405. doi:10.1016/0142-9612(91)90008-xSantamaria-Echart, A., Ugarte, L., García-Astrain, C., Arbelaiz, A., Corcuera, M. A., & Eceiza, A. (2016). Cellulose nanocrystals reinforced environmentally-friendly waterborne polyurethane nanocomposites. Carbohydrate Polymers, 151, 1203-1209. doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.06.069Gorna, K., & Gogolewski, S. (2003). Preparation, degradation, and calcification of biodegradable polyurethane foams for bone graft substitutes. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research, 67A(3), 813-827. doi:10.1002/jbm.a.10148Boloori Zadeh, P., Corbett, S. C., & Nayeb-Hashemi, H. (2014). In-vitro calcification study of polyurethane heart valves. Materials Science and Engineering: C, 35, 335-340. doi:10.1016/j.msec.2013.11.015Patel, D. K., Biswas, A., & Maiti, P. (2016). Nanoparticle-induced phenomena in polyurethanes. Advances in Polyurethane Biomaterials, 171-194. doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-100614-6.00006-8Lin, S., Huang, J., Chang, P. R., Wei, S., Xu, Y., & Zhang, Q. (2013). Structure and mechanical properties of new biomass-based nanocomposite: Castor oil-based polyurethane reinforced with acetylated cellulose nanocrystal. Carbohydrate Polymers, 95(1), 91-99. doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.02.023Marzec, M., Kucińska-Lipka, J., Kalaszczyńska, I., & Janik, H. (2017). Development of polyurethanes for bone repair. 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Hacia una aplicación efectiva de Metodología Inversa en las asignaturas de Física de primeros cursos de Grado

[ES] En el presente trabajo se presenta la experiencia de la implantación de la docencia inversa en asig-naturas de la materia de física en primeros cursos de las titulaciones de Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Ingeniería Informática e Ingeniería Biomédica. Para obtener la opinión del alumnado se han lle-vado a cabo una serie de encuestas con respuestas abiertas y de opción multiple. Los resultados obtenidos muestran una gran variabilidad de opiniones, incluso dentro del alumnado perteneciente a un mismo grupo. En general los alumnos valoran positivamente el esfuerzo realizado por el pro-fesorado, pero es necesario que los profesores lleven a cabo una serie de medidas para que la implantación de la metodología sea exitosa. Entre ellas, resulta necesario que los contenidos dis-ponibles estén perfectamente estructurados y accesibles, que los contenidos sean interactivos y per-mitan dar información sobre cómo se desarrolla el proceso de aprendizaje, que el nivel de carga de trabajo del alumnado sea sostenible y que el profesorado sea consciente de que la transición en el modelo de aprendizaje requiere de cierta empatía. La implantación de la docencia inversa es por tanto un proceso complejo que requiere una adaptación específica al contexto docente donde se aplica.[EN] En el presente trabajo se presenta la experiencia de la implantación de la docencia inversa en asig-naturas de la materia de física en primeros cursos de las titulaciones de Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Ingeniería Informática e Ingeniería Biomédica. Para obtener la opinión del alumnado se han lle-vado a cabo una serie de encuestas con respuestas abiertas y de opción multiple. Los resultados obtenidos muestran una gran variabilidad de opiniones, incluso dentro del alumnado perteneciente a un mismo grupo. En general los alumnos valoran positivamente el esfuerzo realizado por el pro-fesorado, pero es necesario que los profesores lleven a cabo una serie de medidas para que la implantación de la metodología sea exitosa. Entre ellas, resulta necesario que los contenidos dis-ponibles estén perfectamente estructurados y accesibles, que los contenidos sean interactivos y per-mitan dar información sobre cómo se desarrolla el proceso de aprendizaje, que el nivel de carga de trabajo del alumnado sea sostenible y que el profesorado sea consciente de que la transición en el modelo de aprendizaje requiere de cierta empatía. La implantación de la docencia inversa es por tanto un proceso complejo que requiere una adaptación específica al contexto docente donde se aplica.Gómez Tejedor, JA.; Tort-Ausina, I.; Vidaurre, A.; Meseguer Dueñas, JM.; Molina-Mateo, J.; Riera, J. (2021). Hacia una aplicación efectiva de Metodología Inversa en las asignaturas de Física de primeros cursos de Grado. En IN-RED 2020: VI Congreso de Innovación Educativa y Docencia en Red. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 83-94. https://doi.org/10.4995/INRED2020.2020.11934OCS839

Effect of the use of videos in the pre-class preparation of laboratory sessions taught by flip teaching

[EN] Nowadays, it is well stablished the effectiveness of flip teaching in different areas. Video is widely used as a pre-class learning material and it is progressively replacing text-document materials. The students, 70 in total, are enrolled in the laboratory practice of the subject of Physics (Bachelor¿s Degree: Industrial Electronics and Automation Engineering) at the Universitat Politècnica de València. Student¿s perception data were collected from the results of a survey. Students were asked about the usefulness of the videos and the in-class work, paying special attention to the roll of the instructor in relation to the flip teaching methodology and the pre-class material. The students were divided into two groups. In one of them, the videos were recorded by the same instructor present at the lab session, whereas the other group, the videos used were recorded by instructors different from the instructor present at the lab. The results indicate that students feel that the videos are very useful, rather than the written documents. They attribute a high value to the instructor in the lab session as they feel more confident with their work and they can ask for help when needed. They value positively the possibility of work autonomously. Small differences have been found in the opinion of both groups being the higher in the question that concerns the preference of the videos respect to the text.This work has been supported by the Universitat Politècnica de València through the Project of Innovation and Educational Improvement Program (Projects PIME/2018/B26 and PIME/2018/B25 Convocatoria de Proyectos de Innovación y Convergencia).Meseguer Dueñas, JM.; Quiles Casado, SDLS.; Sabater I Serra, R.; Serrano, M.; Gómez-Tejedor, J.; García-Sánchez, TM.; Tort-Ausina, I.... (2020). Effect of the use of videos in the pre-class preparation of laboratory sessions taught by flip teaching. Iated. 6107-6112. https://doi.org/10.21125/inted.2020.1654S6107611

Changes in humoral immune response after SARS-CoV-2 infection in liver transplant recipients compared to immunocompetent patients

The protective capacity and duration of humoral immunity after SARS-CoV-2 infection are not yet understood in solid organ transplant recipients. A prospective multicenter study was performed to evaluate the persistence of anti-nucleocapsid IgG antibodies in liver transplant recipients 6 months after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) resolution. A total of 71 liver transplant recipients were matched with 71 immunocompetent controls by a propensity score including variables with a well-known prognostic impact in COVID-19. Paired case-control serological data were also available in 62 liver transplant patients and 62 controls at month 3 after COVID-19. Liver transplant recipients showed a lower incidence of anti-nucleocapsid IgG antibodies at 3 months (77.4% vs. 100%, p <.001) and at 6 months (63.4% vs. 90.1%, p <.001). Lower levels of antibodies were also observed in liver transplant patients at 3 (p =.001) and 6 months (p <.001) after COVID-19. In transplant patients, female gender (OR = 13.49, 95% CI: 2.17-83.8), a longer interval since transplantation (OR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.03-1.36), and therapy with renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors (OR = 7.11, 95% CI: 1.47-34.50) were independently associated with persistence of antibodies beyond 6 months after COVID-19. Therefore, as compared with immunocompetent patients, liver transplant recipients show a lower prevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and more pronounced antibody levels decline

RICORS2040 : The need for collaborative research in chronic kidney disease

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a silent and poorly known killer. The current concept of CKD is relatively young and uptake by the public, physicians and health authorities is not widespread. Physicians still confuse CKD with chronic kidney insufficiency or failure. For the wider public and health authorities, CKD evokes kidney replacement therapy (KRT). In Spain, the prevalence of KRT is 0.13%. Thus health authorities may consider CKD a non-issue: very few persons eventually need KRT and, for those in whom kidneys fail, the problem is 'solved' by dialysis or kidney transplantation. However, KRT is the tip of the iceberg in the burden of CKD. The main burden of CKD is accelerated ageing and premature death. The cut-off points for kidney function and kidney damage indexes that define CKD also mark an increased risk for all-cause premature death. CKD is the most prevalent risk factor for lethal coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the factor that most increases the risk of death in COVID-19, after old age. Men and women undergoing KRT still have an annual mortality that is 10- to 100-fold higher than similar-age peers, and life expectancy is shortened by ~40 years for young persons on dialysis and by 15 years for young persons with a functioning kidney graft. CKD is expected to become the fifth greatest global cause of death by 2040 and the second greatest cause of death in Spain before the end of the century, a time when one in four Spaniards will have CKD. However, by 2022, CKD will become the only top-15 global predicted cause of death that is not supported by a dedicated well-funded Centres for Biomedical Research (CIBER) network structure in Spain. Realizing the underestimation of the CKD burden of disease by health authorities, the Decade of the Kidney initiative for 2020-2030 was launched by the American Association of Kidney Patients and the European Kidney Health Alliance. Leading Spanish kidney researchers grouped in the kidney collaborative research network Red de Investigación Renal have now applied for the Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS) call for collaborative research in Spain with the support of the Spanish Society of Nephrology, Federación Nacional de Asociaciones para la Lucha Contra las Enfermedades del Riñón and ONT: RICORS2040 aims to prevent the dire predictions for the global 2040 burden of CKD from becoming true

La evaluación inicial: propuesta para su integración en la educación obligatoria

La configuración y consolidación de una práctica educativa basada en el principio de atención a la diversidad constituye un reto al que han de hacer frente en los próximos años el profesorado de las etapas de educación obligatoria. Desde los planteamientos y aportaciones de la Psicología de la Educación hemos tratado de desarrollar un marco de referencia que permita conjugar las demandas de una evaluación formativa e integrada y el principio de atención a la diversidad, a través de la institucionalización de la evaluación inicial al comienzo del ciclo/curso en las etapas de educación obligatoria, (Primaria y Secundaria). Una vez analizados los fundamentos teóricos, presentamos nuestra propuesta partiendo de las necesidades manifiestas del equipo de profesores, subrayando el papel del psicopedagogo como dinamizador y orientador de este proces