La concentración de óxido nítrico en suero de pacientes con periodontitis agresiva y crónica generalizada no está relacionada con la severidad de la enfermedad

Introduction: Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that affects the supporting tissues of teeth, the effects of excess of nitric oxide, may contribute to the symptoms of periodontitis. Objective: Determine the serum nitric oxide concentration in generalized chronic and aggressive periodontitis patients and to compare it with a healthy subjects group from the Mexican population. Materials and methods: A case and control study was performed. Sixty-nine individuals were included from the Postgraduate Periodontology Clinic of the University Center of Health Sciences, the University of Guadalajara, Mexico. Patients with clinical features of generalized chronic periodontitis (GCP group n=19), generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAP group n=11), and a group of healthy subjects (HS=39) were included in the study. Informed consent was obtained from each subject, and serum nitric oxide concentration was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Nitric oxide concentration in the study groups was greater in the GCP group (462.57 µmol/L ± 16.57 µmol/L) than in the GAP group (433.84 µmol/L ± 18.61 µmol/L) and the HS group (422.46 µmol/L ± 12.07 µmol/L). A comparison using Student’s t-test (one-tailed) between healthy subjects and generalized chronic periodontitis showed borderline significance (p<0.04), whereas no significant differences were observed in HS and GAP groups, with a p-value of 0.64, and the GAP vs. GCP p-value was 0.33. Conclusion: The serum nitric oxide concentration observed in the present study suggests that nitric oxide plays a major role in the inflammatory process, which cannot necessarily be linked to the severity of the disease and periodontal tissue destruction.Introducción. La periodontitis es una enfermedad inflamatoria que afecta los tejidos de soporte dental, los efectos del exceso de óxido nítrico, pueden contribuir a los síntomas de la periodontitis.Objetivo. Determinar la concentración de óxido nítrico en suero de pacientes con periodontitis agresiva y crónica generalizada y compararlas con individuos sanos de población mexicana.Materiales y métodos. Estudio de casos y controles. Se incluyeron 69 individuos de la Clínica de Posgrado de Periodoncia del Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad de Guadalajara. Se dividieron en tres grupos. Pacientes con periodontitis crónica generalizada (GCP n=19), Pacientes con periodontitis agresiva generalizada (GAP n=11) e Individuos sanos periodontalmente (HS n=39). Se obtuvo consentimiento informado de todos los participantes. Se realizó ensayo de ELISA para medir la concentración de óxido nítrico en suero.Resultados. Las concentraciones de óxido nítrico observadas fueron mayores en el grupo GCP (462.57 µmol/L ± 16.57 µmol/L) que en los grupos GAP (433.84 µmol/L ± 18.61 µmol/L) y HS (422.46 µmol/L ± 12.07 µmol/L). La comparación entre HS y GCP mediante la prueba estadística T de Student (una cola), mostró diferencias significativas (p<0.04), y no se observaron diferencias entre los grupos HS y GAP (p=0.64) y GAP contra GCP (p=0.33).Conclusiones. La concentración de óxido nítrico en suero, observada en el presente estudio, sugiere que el óxido nítrico desempeña un importante papel en el proceso inflamatorio, lo que, no necesariamente está ligado a la severidad de la enfermedad y a la destrucción del tejido periodontal

ADIPOQ rs2241766 SNP as protective marker against DIBC development in Mexican population.

BACKGROUND:Adiponectin protein and some variations in its gene, ADIPOQ have recently been associated with cancer because they regulate glucose and lipid metabolism as well as anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory proteins. AIM:The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between selected biochemical markers, anthropometric indices and ADIPOQ rs2241766 and rs1501299 SNPs in ductal infiltrating breast cancer (DIBC) in a Mexican population. METHODS:This cross-sectional study included 64 DIBC patients and 167 healthy women. Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis was performed to identify the genotypes of the rs2241766 (exon 2) and rs1501299 (intron 2) ADIPOQ polymorphisms. Corporal composition and biochemical markers included body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), waist-hip ratio (WHR), glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides and high- and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. RESULTS:Patients with DIBC had higher serum glucose, WC and WHR than controls. Intergroup differences in allele and genotype frequencies were found for both polymorphisms (P < 0.05). Patients carrying the rs2241766 TT and TG genotypes had higher values of WC, HC and WHR, but only TG carriers had higher levels of glucose. For the SNP rs1501299, carriers of the GG genotype in the DIBC group had higher values of glucose, WC, HC and WHR than the respective control group. CONCLUSIONS:These results suggest that WC, HC and WHR are better predictors of DIBC than BMI. The ADIPOQ SNP rs2241766 emerges as a protective factor, whereas rs1501299 is a risk factor for DIBC development in a Mexican population

Intra-individual somatic variation of the rs669 polymorphism of the A2M gene in patients with colorectal cancer

Dear Editor: An intra-individual somatic variation (ISV) is described as the genetic difference among different tissues of the same individual. ISV increases with age, may not manifest a defined phenotype, and is associated with neurological, hematological, and immune disorders, especially with cancer.1 To analyze possible ISV in Mexican patients with colorectal cancer (CRC), we studied the polymorphism rs669 (c.2998 A>G, p.Ile1000Val) of the A2M gene, which encodes for the alpha-2 macroglobulin protein, a protease inhibitor involved in tumor progression and proliferation.2 This variant is located near a thioester site, which is necessary for the inhibitory function of the protein

La concentración de óxido nítrico en suero de pacientes con periodontitis agresiva y crónica generalizada no está relacionada con la severidad de la enfermedad

Introduction: Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease that affects the supporting tissues of teeth, the effects of excess of nitric oxide, may contribute to the symptoms of periodontitis. Objective: Determine the serum nitric oxide concentration in generalized chronic and aggressive periodontitis patients and to compare it with a healthy subjects group from the Mexican population. Materials and methods: A case and control study was performed. Sixty-nine individuals were included from the Postgraduate Periodontology Clinic of the University Center of Health Sciences, the University of Guadalajara, Mexico. Patients with clinical features of generalized chronic periodontitis (GCP group n=19), generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAP group n=11), and a group of healthy subjects (HS=39) were included in the study. Informed consent was obtained from each subject, and serum nitric oxide concentration was measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results: Nitric oxide concentration in the study groups was greater in the GCP group (462.57 µmol/L ± 16.57 µmol/L) than in the GAP group (433.84 µmol/L ± 18.61 µmol/L) and the HS group (422.46 µmol/L ± 12.07 µmol/L). A comparison using Student’s t-test (one-tailed) between healthy subjects and generalized chronic periodontitis showed borderline significance (p&lt;0.04), whereas no significant differences were observed in HS and GAP groups, with a p-value of 0.64, and the GAP vs. GCP p-value was 0.33. Conclusion: The serum nitric oxide concentration observed in the present study suggests that nitric oxide plays a major role in the inflammatory process, which cannot necessarily be linked to the severity of the disease and periodontal tissue destruction.Introducción. La periodontitis es una enfermedad inflamatoria que afecta los tejidos de soporte dental, los efectos del exceso de óxido nítrico, pueden contribuir a los síntomas de la periodontitis.Objetivo. Determinar la concentración de óxido nítrico en suero de pacientes con periodontitis agresiva y crónica generalizada y compararlas con individuos sanos de población mexicana.Materiales y métodos. Estudio de casos y controles. Se incluyeron 69 individuos de la Clínica de Posgrado de Periodoncia del Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud de la Universidad de Guadalajara. Se dividieron en tres grupos. Pacientes con periodontitis crónica generalizada (GCP n=19), Pacientes con periodontitis agresiva generalizada (GAP n=11) e Individuos sanos periodontalmente (HS n=39). Se obtuvo consentimiento informado de todos los participantes. Se realizó ensayo de ELISA para medir la concentración de óxido nítrico en suero.Resultados. Las concentraciones de óxido nítrico observadas fueron mayores en el grupo GCP (462.57 µmol/L ± 16.57 µmol/L) que en los grupos GAP (433.84 µmol/L ± 18.61 µmol/L) y HS (422.46 µmol/L ± 12.07 µmol/L). La comparación entre HS y GCP mediante la prueba estadística T de Student (una cola), mostró diferencias significativas (p&lt;0.04), y no se observaron diferencias entre los grupos HS y GAP (p=0.64) y GAP contra GCP (p=0.33).Conclusiones. La concentración de óxido nítrico en suero, observada en el presente estudio, sugiere que el óxido nítrico desempeña un importante papel en el proceso inflamatorio, lo que, no necesariamente está ligado a la severidad de la enfermedad y a la destrucción del tejido periodontal

Molecular Profiling of Tumor Tissue in Mexican Patients with Colorectal Cancer

Colorectal cancer is a heterogeneous disease with multiple genomic changes that influence the clinical management of patients; thus, the search for new molecular targets remains necessary. The aim of this study was to identify genetic variants in tumor tissues from Mexican patients with colorectal cancer, using massive parallel sequencing. A total of 4813 genes were analyzed in tumoral DNA from colorectal cancer patients, using the TruSight One Sequencing panel. From these, 192 variants with clinical associations were found distributed in 168 different genes, of which 46 variants had not been previous reported in the literature or databases, although genes harboring those variants had already been described in colorectal cancer. Enrichment analysis of the affected genes was performed using Reactome software; pathway over-representation showed significance for disease, signal transduction, and immune system subsets in all patients, while exclusive subsets such as DNA repair, autophagy, and RNA metabolism were also found. Those characteristics, whether individual or shared, could give tumors specific capabilities for survival, aggressiveness, or response to treatment. Our results can be useful for future investigations targeting specific characteristics of tumors in colorectal cancer patients. The identification of exclusive or common pathways in colorectal cancer patients could be important for better diagnosis and personalized cancer treatment

CDH1 somatic alterations in Mexican patients with diffuse and mixed sporadic gastric cancer

Abstract Background Diffuse gastric cancer (DGC) is associated with the reduction or absence of the expression of the cell adhesion protein E-cadherin (encoded by the CDH1 gene). Molecular characteristics are less well described for mixed gastric cancer (MGC). The main somatic alterations that have been described in the CDH1 gene are mutations, loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and promoter methylation. The aim was to analyze CDH1 somatic alterations in Mexican patients with diffuse and mixed gastric cancer. Methods We searched for mutations in the CDH1 gene in tumor DNA from DGC (n = 13) and MGC (n = 7) patients by next generation sequencing (NGS). Validation of findings was performed using Sanger sequencing. LOH was analyzed using dinucleotide repeat markers surrounding the CDH1 gene, and methylation was investigated by DNA bisulfite conversion and sequencing. E-cadherin protein deficiency was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Results Seventeen point variants were identified by NGS, 13 of them were validated by Sanger sequencing. Only 1/13 had not been previously reported (c.-137C > A), and 12/13 were already reported as polymorphisms. Two DGC cases presented LOH at the locus 16q22.1 (13.3%). CDH1 promoter methylation was positive in (7/11) 63.6% and (4/6) 66.6% of the cases with DGC and MGC, respectively. E-cadherin protein deficiency was observed in 58.3% of DGC cases while 100% in MGC cases. Conclusions While no pathogenic somatic mutations were found that could explain the diffuse histology of gastric cancer in DGC and MGC, methylation was the most common somatic inactivation event of the CDH1 gene, and LOH was rare. The previously unreported c.-137C > A variant modify the CDH1 gene expression since it alters the binding sites for transcription factors