Video streaming with quality adaption using collaborative active grid networks

Due to the services and demands of the end users, Distributed Computing (Grid Technology, Web Services, and Peer-to-Peer) has been developedrapidJy in thelastyears. Theconvergence of these architectures has been possible using mechanisms such as Collaborative work and Resources Sharing. Grid computing is a platform to enable flexible, secure, controlled, scalable, ubiquitous and heterogeneous services. On the other hand, Video Streaming applications demand a greater deployment over connected Internet users. The present work uses the Acti ve Grid technology as a fundamental platform to give a solution of multimediacontentrecovery. This solution takes into account the following key concepts: collaborative work, multi-source recovery and adapti ve quality. A new archi tecture is designed to deliver video content over a Grid Network. The acti ve and passi ve roles of the nodes are important to guarantee a high quality and efficiency for the video streaming system. The acti ve sender nodes are the content suppliers, while the passive sender nodes wiU perform the backup functions, based on global resource control policies. The aim of the backup node is minirnize the time to restore the systemin caseoffailures. In this way, all participant peers work in a collaborati ve manner following a mul ti -source recovery scheme. Furthermore, Video La yered Encoding is used to manage the video data in a high scalable way, di viding the video in multiple layers. This video codification scheme enables thequality adaptation according to the availability of system resources. In addition, a buffer by sender peer and by layer is needed for an effecti ve control ofthe video retrieve. The QoS will fit considering the state of each buffer and the measurement tools provide by the Acti ve Grid on the network nodes. Ke ywords: Peer -to-Peer Grid Architecture, Services for Active Grids, Streaming Media, Layered Coding, Quality Adaptation, CoUaborative Work.Peer Reviewe

Modelado semántico y ubicuo del comercio electrónico mediante Web Services

La demanda de interoperabilidad semántica y ubicuidad tecnológica en aplicaciones de comercio electrónico tiene un crecimiento exponencial. Añadir propiedades inteligentes a la Web actual, ya es una realidad a través del desarrollo e implementación de Web Services basados en estándares de fácil gestión y cada vez más estables, cumpliendo con los requerimientos básicos de Calidad de Servicio (QoS). Este trabajo presenta un análisis de la tecnología de los Web Services con el principal objetivo de aportar valor añadido a aplicaciones de Comercio Electrónico; así como, exponer una visión general del estado actual de los Web Services y sus contribuciones a las necesidades de las empresas en general.Peer Reviewe

Video streaming with quality adaption using collaborative active grid networks

Due to the services and demands of the end users, Distributed Computing (Grid Technology, Web Services, and Peer-to-Peer) has been developedrapidJy in thelastyears. Theconvergence of these architectures has been possible using mechanisms such as Collaborative work and Resources Sharing. Grid computing is a platform to enable flexible, secure, controlled, scalable, ubiquitous and heterogeneous services. On the other hand, Video Streaming applications demand a greater deployment over connected Internet users. The present work uses the Acti ve Grid technology as a fundamental platform to give a solution of multimediacontentrecovery. This solution takes into account the following key concepts: collaborative work, multi-source recovery and adapti ve quality. A new archi tecture is designed to deliver video content over a Grid Network. The acti ve and passi ve roles of the nodes are important to guarantee a high quality and efficiency for the video streaming system. The acti ve sender nodes are the content suppliers, while the passive sender nodes wiU perform the backup functions, based on global resource control policies. The aim of the backup node is minirnize the time to restore the systemin caseoffailures. In this way, all participant peers work in a collaborati ve manner following a mul ti -source recovery scheme. Furthermore, Video La yered Encoding is used to manage the video data in a high scalable way, di viding the video in multiple layers. This video codification scheme enables thequality adaptation according to the availability of system resources. In addition, a buffer by sender peer and by layer is needed for an effecti ve control ofthe video retrieve. The QoS will fit considering the state of each buffer and the measurement tools provide by the Acti ve Grid on the network nodes. Ke ywords: Peer -to-Peer Grid Architecture, Services for Active Grids, Streaming Media, Layered Coding, Quality Adaptation, CoUaborative Work.Peer Reviewe

Design of an adaptive-rate video-streaming service with different classes of users

The provision of end-to-end Quality of Service (QoS) for multimedia services over IP-based networks is already an open issue. To achieve this goal, service providers need to manage Service Level Agreements (SLAs), which specify parameters of the services operation such as availability and performance. Additional mechanisms are needed to quantitatively evaluate the user-level SLA parameters. This work is focused on the evaluation and assessment of different design options of an adaptive VoD service providing several classes of users and fulfilling the SLA commitments. Based on a straightforward Markov Chain, Markov-Reward Chain (MRC) models are developed in order to obtain various QoS measures of the adaptive VoD service. The MRC model has a clear understanding with the design and operation of the VoD system.5th IFIP International Conference on Network Control & Engineering for QoS, Security and MobilityRed de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI

Design of an adaptive-rate video-streaming service with different classes of users

The provision of end-to-end Quality of Service (QoS) for multimedia services over IP-based networks is already an open issue. To achieve this goal, service providers need to manage Service Level Agreements (SLAs), which specify parameters of the services operation such as availability and performance. Additional mechanisms are needed to quantitatively evaluate the user-level SLA parameters. This work is focused on the evaluation and assessment of different design options of an adaptive VoD service providing several classes of users and fulfilling the SLA commitments. Based on a straightforward Markov Chain, Markov-Reward Chain (MRC) models are developed in order to obtain various QoS measures of the adaptive VoD service. The MRC model has a clear understanding with the design and operation of the VoD system.5th IFIP International Conference on Network Control & Engineering for QoS, Security and MobilityRed de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI

Ancient DNA from Early Human Burials in the Argentine Puna: Insights into Burial Practices and South American Population History

Although the earliest archaeological sites in South America date to the late Pleistocene, little is known about the genetic makeup or mortuary behavior of early hunter-gatherer populations in South America. To help shed light on the burial practices of these hunter-gatherers, as well as the early population history of this region, we extracted ancient DNA from the remains of 13 individuals excavated from early and mid-Holocene archaeological sites in the southern Argentine Puna. These remains are from four locations in the Antofagasta de la Sierra region of northwestern Argentina, and date between 9200 and 3200 YBP. We sequenced 372 base pairs of the first hypervariable region of the mitochondrial DNA to define maternally-inherited genetic lineages, and analyzed a length dimorphism in the amelogenin gene to investigate the sex of each individual. We found that maternally related individuals were sometimes buried together, and several individuals exhibited a mtDNA lineage that is rare in indigenous American populations today. Our results shed light on the early population history of this region and help elucidate the genetic affinities between the prehistoric inhabitants of the Puna and other regions in South America.Fil: Bolnick, Deborah A.. Austin Community College; Estados UnidosFil: Pintar, Elizabeth. Austin Community College; Estados UnidosFil: Martinez, Jorge Gabriel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Estudios Sociales. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Estudios Sociales; ArgentinaFil: Díaz Matallana, Marcela. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana; ColombiaFil: Mata Miguez, Jaime. University of Texas at Austin; Estados Unidos79th Meeting for the Society for American ArchaeologyAustinEstados UnidosSociety for American Archaeolog

Ancient DNA from Early to Mid-Holocene Burials in Northwestern Argentina: Implications for Understanding the Colonization and Early Populations of South America

Archaeological evidence demonstrates that humans have been living in South America since the late Pleistocene. However, relatively little is known about the genetic diversity present in early hunter-gatherer populations on this continent, and few studies have examined ancient DNA from Pleistocene or early to mid-Holocene human remains from South America. Many questions therefore remain about the early populations of this continent and the routes of migration that were used by some of the earliest settlers.      In this study, we extracted DNA from the remains of 13 individuals unearthed at early and mid-Holocene archaeological sites in northwestern Argentina. The remains come from four locations in the Antofagasta de la Sierra region, in the southern Argentine Puna, and they date between ca. 9500-3330 cal BP. We identified mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups based on coding-region SNPs, and sequenced 372 base pairs of the first hypervariable region of the mtDNA to confirm haplogroup assignments and define mtDNA haplotypes. All results were confirmed through multiple independent DNA extractions and PCR amplifications. We compared the genetic lineages in these individuals with those in other ancient and contemporary populations from the Americas to help elucidate the genetic affinities between the prehistoric inhabitants of the Puna and peoples in other regions. We found that one of the most common mtDNA lineages in these ancient Argentines was haplogroup D4h3a, which is rare in indigenous Americans today but most common along the Pacific coast. Our results shed light on the early populations and routes of migration in South America.Fil: Bolnick, Deborah. Texas A&M University; Estados UnidosFil: Díaz Matallana, Marcela. Texas A&M University; Estados UnidosFil: Mata Miguez, Jaime. Texas A&M University; Estados UnidosFil: Pintar, Elizabeth Lucia. Texas A&M University; Estados UnidosFil: Martinez, Jorge Gabriel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Estudios Sociales. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Instituto Superior de Estudios Sociales; Argentina83rd Annual Meeting of the American Association of Physical AnthropologistsCalgaryCanadáAmerican Association of Physical Anthropologist

Design of an adaptive-rate video-streaming service with different classes of users

The provision of end-to-end Quality of Service (QoS) for multimedia services over IP-based networks is already an open issue. To achieve this goal, service providers need to manage Service Level Agreements (SLAs), which specify parameters of the services operation such as availability and performance. Additional mechanisms are needed to quantitatively evaluate the user-level SLA parameters. This work is focused on the evaluation and assessment of different design options of an adaptive VoD service providing several classes of users and fulfilling the SLA commitments. Based on a straightforward Markov Chain, Markov-Reward Chain (MRC) models are developed in order to obtain various QoS measures of the adaptive VoD service. The MRC model has a clear understanding with the design and operation of the VoD system.5th IFIP International Conference on Network Control & Engineering for QoS, Security and MobilityRed de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI

Experimental analysis of high velocity impacts of composite fragments

This work analyses the impact against a rigid plate of carbon epoxy fragments. Experimental tests have been performed by means of a gas gun capable of launching rectangular pieces of composite laminates at a wide range of impact velocities (from 70 to 180 m/s). The impact process has been recorded using three high speed video cameras which allowed to analyse the phenomenon and to obtain the deceleration of the fragment and hence the force time history and impulse induced on the plate. The failure process of the impacted fragments has been studied to identify the main absorption mechanisms and based on that a simple analytical model is proposed in order to predict the erosion and the impact force. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.This research was done with the financial support of the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness under Project reference DPI2013-41094-

QoSatAr: a cross-layer architecture for E2E QoS provisioning over DVB-S2 broadband satellite systems

This article presents QoSatAr, a cross-layer architecture developed to provide end-to-end quality of service (QoS) guarantees for Internet protocol (IP) traffic over the Digital Video Broadcasting-Second generation (DVB-S2) satellite systems. The architecture design is based on a cross-layer optimization between the physical layer and the network layer to provide QoS provisioning based on the bandwidth availability present in the DVB-S2 satellite channel. Our design is developed at the satellite-independent layers, being in compliance with the ETSI-BSM-QoS standards. The architecture is set up inside the gateway, it includes a Re-Queuing Mechanism (RQM) to enhance the goodput of the EF and AF traffic classes and an adaptive IP scheduler to guarantee the high-priority traffic classes taking into account the channel conditions affected by rain events. One of the most important aspect of the architecture design is that QoSatAr is able to guarantee the QoS requirements for specific traffic flows considering a single parameter: the bandwidth availability which is set at the physical layer (considering adaptive code and modulation adaptation) and sent to the network layer by means of a cross-layer optimization. The architecture has been evaluated using the NS-2 simulator. In this article, we present evaluation metrics, extensive simulations results and conclusions about the performance of the proposed QoSatAr when it is evaluated over a DVB-S2 satellite scenario. The key results show that the implementation of this architecture enables to keep control of the satellite system load while guaranteeing the QoS levels for the high-priority traffic classes even when bandwidth variations due to rain events are experienced. Moreover, using the RQM mechanism the user’s quality of experience is improved while keeping lower delay and jitter values for the high-priority traffic classes. In particular, the AF goodput is enhanced around 33% over the drop tail scheme (on average)