Drying Kinetics Of Barley Grains And Effects On The Germination Index

This study aimed to assess the drying kinetics of barley grains and, using mathematical modeling, to evaluate the diffusivity during drying and after drying to evaluate the effect of high drying temperatures on the seed germination index for malt production. Three drying temperatures 40, 60 and 80°C were used. The last two, 60 and 80°C, reached moisture close to ideal for storage with 6 and 4 hours respectively; at 40°C, drying process took 12 hours and would still take additional hours to reach 13% moisture on a dry basis. Drying temperature influenced the germination power. The protein content was reduced according to increased drying time. The diffusivity coefficient was higher in conventional than in intermittent drying, probably due to heat loss in the intermittent process. It was observed that higher the temperature higher is the diffusivity. Ks values of the Omoto model ranged from 1.07 to 2.05E-4. © 2016, Sociedade Brasileira de Ciencia e Tecnologia de Alimentos, SBCTA. All rights reserved.36463864

Application Of The Hsu Model To Soybean Grain Hydration [aplicação Do Modelo De Hsu à Hidratação De Grãos De Soja]

A comparative analysis of the theoretical-experimental study, developed by Hsu on the hydration of Amsoy 71 soybean grain, was performed through several soaking experiments using CD 202 soybean at 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 °C, measuring moisture content over time. The results showed that CD 202 soybean equilibrium moisture content, Xeq, does not depend on temperature and is 21% higher than that found by Hsu, suggesting that soybean cultivar exerts great influence on Xeq. The Hsu model was numerically solved and its parameters were adjusted by the least squares method, with maximum deviations of +/- 10% relative to the experimental values. The limiting step in the mass transfer process during hydration corresponds to water diffusion inside the grain, leading to radial moisture gradients that decrease over time and with an increase in temperature. Regardless of the soybean cultivar, diffusivity increases as temperature or moisture content increases. However, the values of this transport property for Amsoy 71 were superior to those of CD 202, very close at the beginning of hydration at 20 °C and almost three times higher at the end of hydration at 50 °C.301Adeyemi, I.A., Dry-milling of sorghum for ogi manufacture (1983) Journal of Cereal Science, 1 (3), pp. 221-227Ahromrit, A., Ledward, D.A., Niranjan, K., High pressure induced water uptake characteristics of Thai glutinous rice (2006) Journal of Food Engineering, 72 (3), pp. 225-233Barrozo, M.A.S., Calado, V.M.A., Calçada, L.A., Secagem de soja em leito deslizante e recirculação pneumática: Influência da umidificação artificial (1991) ENCONTRO SOBRE ESCOAMENTO EM MEIOS POROSOS, 1, pp. 327-337. , Campinas. Anais... São Paulo: UNICAMP, 1991Beckert, O.P., Miguel, M.H., Marcos Filho, J., Absorção de água e potencial fisiológico em sementes de soja de diferentes tamanhos (2000) Scientia Agrícola, 57 (4), pp. 671-675Calado, V.M.A., (1993) Modelagem E Simulação De Secadores Em Leitos Fixo E Deslizante, , Tese (Doutorado em Engenharia Química) - Universidade Federal doRio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Rio de JaneiroChopra, R., Prasad, D.N., Standardization of soaking conditions for soybean seeds/cotyledons for improved quality of soymilk (1994) Indian Journal of Animal Sciences, 64 (4), pp. 405-410Ciabotti, S., Características sensoriais e físicas de extratos e tofus de soja comum processada termicamente e livre de lipoxigenase (2007) Ciência E Tecnologia De Alimentos, 27 (3), pp. 643-648Coutinho, M.R., Modelagem e validação da hidratação de grãos de soja (2005) Ciência E Tecnologia De Alimentos, 25 (3), pp. 603-610Coutinho, M.R., Novo modelo de parâmetros concentrados aplicado à hidratação de grãos (2007) Ciência E Tecnologia De Alimentos, 27 (3), pp. 451-455Crank, J., (1975) The Mathematics of Diffusion, , 2 ed. London: Oxford University PressEngels, C., Modelling water diffusion during long-grain rice soaking (1986) Journal of Food Engineering, 5 (1), pp. 55-73Hsu, K.H., A diffusion model with a concentration-dependent diffusion coefficient for describing water movement in legumes during soaking (1983) Journal of Food Science, 48 (2), pp. 618-622+645Hsu, K.H., Effect of temperature on water diffusion in soybean (1983) Journal of Food Science, 48 (4), pp. 1364-1365INSTITUTO ADOLFO LUTZ - IAL. Normas analíticas do Instituto Adolfo Lutz. 3 ed. São Paulo, 1985. (v. 1)Klamczynska, B., Czuchajowska, Z., Baik, B., Composition, soaking, cooking properties and thermal characteristics of starch of chickpeas, wrinkled peas and smooth peas (2001) International Journal of Food Science and Technology, 36 (5), pp. 563-572Lo, W.Y.L., Soaking soybeans before extraction as it affects chemical composition and yield of soymilk (1968) Food Technology, 22 (9), pp. 1188-1190Long, F.A., Richman, D., Concentration gradients for diffusion of vapor in glassy polymers and their relation to time dependent diffusion phenomena (1960) Journal of The American Chemical Society, 82 (3), pp. 513-519Nelson, A.I., Steinberg, M.P., Wei, L.S., Illinois process for preparation of soymilk (1976) Journal of Food Science, 41 (1), pp. 57-61Pan, Z., Tangratanavalee, W., Characteristics of soybeans as affected by soaking conditions (2003) Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft Und-Technologie, 36 (1), pp. 143-151Peleg, M., An empirical model for the description of moisture sorption curves (1988) Journal of Food Science, 53 (4), pp. 1216-1219Singh, B.P.N., Kulshrestha, S.P., Kinetics of water sorption by soybean and pigeonpea grains (1987) Journal of Food Science, 52 (6), pp. 1538-1544Sopade, P.A., Obekpa, J.A., Modelling water absorption in soybean, cowpea and peanuts at three temperatures using Peleg's equation (1990) Journal of Food Science, 55 (4), pp. 1084-1087Wang, H.L., Hydration of whole soybeans affects solids losses and cooking quality (1979) Journal of Food Science, 44 (5), pp. 1510-151

Social aspects of maternal mortality: Analysis of 5 years in the Hospital General de Occident. Jalisco, Mexico [Aspectos sociales de la muerte materna: Análisis de 5 añeos en el Hospital General de Occidente. Jalisco, México]

Objective: Analyze the social aspects of the maternal mortality occurred in the Hospital General de Occident, Jalisco, Mexico (2006-2010). Method: It is resorted the archive of the hospital to identify files of maternal mortality during the study period. The sources of information were death certificates, verbal autopsy, confidential questionnaire and opinion of the deaths. We used descriptive statistics and measures of central tendency for the analysis of the information. Results: We identified 22 maternal deaths, demonstrating an ascending trend of maternal mortality during the study period. The mean age was 28.27 years old, 68.27% was dedicated to the home, 45% lived in free union, 55% had no record of social security, 50% had a primary education or less, and only 77.2% had prenatal control. Conclusions: The presence of social factors, in addition to clinicians, and that influence maternal death should be known for the obstetrics service personnel, and should be considered for the design and implementation of actions to reduce maternal death at all levels of care

Social aspects of maternal mortality: Analysis of 5 years in the Hospital General de Occident. Jalisco, Mexico [Aspectos sociales de la muerte materna: Análisis de 5 añeos en el Hospital General de Occidente. Jalisco, México]

Objective: Analyze the social aspects of the maternal mortality occurred in the Hospital General de Occident, Jalisco, Mexico (2006-2010). Method: It is resorted the archive of the hospital to identify files of maternal mortality during the study period. The sources of information were death certificates, verbal autopsy, confidential questionnaire and opinion of the deaths. We used descriptive statistics and measures of central tendency for the analysis of the information. Results: We identified 22 maternal deaths, demonstrating an ascending trend of maternal mortality during the study period. The mean age was 28.27 years old, 68.27% was dedicated to the home, 45% lived in free union, 55% had no record of social security, 50% had a primary education or less, and only 77.2% had prenatal control. Conclusions: The presence of social factors, in addition to clinicians, and that influence maternal death should be known for the obstetrics service personnel, and should be considered for the design and implementation of actions to reduce maternal death at all levels of care

Valor nutritivo da forragem de genótipos de cereais de inverno de duplo propósito Nutritive value of forage of genotypes of double purpose winter cereals

Esta pesquisa foi conduzida com o objetivo de avaliar o valor nutritivo da forragem de 12 genótipos de seis espécies de cereais de inverno de duplo propósito (forragem e grãos), submetidos ao corte, na região da Depressão Central do Rio Grande do Sul. As espécies e genótipos testados foram: trigo (BRS 277, BRS Guatambu, BRS Tarumã, BRS Umbu); aveia-preta (Agro Zebu, UPFA 21 - Moreninha e Comum); aveia-branca (UPF 18); centeio (BR 1 e BRS Serrano); Cevada (BRS Marciana) e triticale (BRS 148).Os genótipos foram distribuídos em 36 parcelas experimentais, num delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com 12 tratamentos e três repetições. As análises de valor nutritivo e composição mineral foram feitas pelo método da reflectância do infravermelho proximal (NIRS), em amostras do estrato superior a 10 cm de altura da forragem. Os genótipos de aveia e o trigo BRS Umbu apresentaram os melhores resultados de valor nutritivo. A composição mineral apresentou pequena variabilidade entre os genótipos testados. Os resultados demonstram que os cereais de inverno produzem forragem de elevado valor nutritivo.<br>The objective of this research was to evaluate the nutritive value of the forage of 12 genotypes of six double purpose (forage and grains) winter cereal species submitted to harvest in the region of Depressão Central in Rio Grande do Sul state. The species and genotypes tested were: wheat (BRS 277, BRS Guatambu, BRS Tarumã and BRS Umbu); black oat (Agro Zebu, UPFA 21 - Moreninha and Commom black-oat); white-oat (UPF 18); rye (BR 1 and BRS Serrano); barley (BRS Marciana); and triticale (BRS 148). The genotypes were distributed in 36 experimental plots in completely randomized experimental design, with 12 treatments and three replications. Analysis of nutritive value and mineral composition were performed by the near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in samples of stratum greater than 10 cm height of forage. Oat genotypes and BRS Umbu wheat presented the best nutritive value results. Mineral composition presented small variability among the genotypes tested. The results demonstrate that winter cereals produce high nutritive value forage