Post-glacial sea-level change along the Pacific coast of North America

Sea-level history since the Last Glacial Maximum on the Pacific margin of North America is complex and heterogeneous owing to regional differences in crustal deformation (neotectonics), changes in global ocean volumes (eustasy) and the depression and rebound of the Earth\u27s crust in response to ice sheets on land (isostasy). At the Last Glacial Maximum, the Cordilleran Ice Sheet depressed the crust over which it formed and created a raised forebulge along peripheral areas offshore. This, combined with different tectonic settings along the coast, resulted in divergent relative sea-level responses during the Holocene. For example, sea level was up to 200 m higher than present in the lower Fraser Valley region of southwest British Columbia, due largely to isostatic depression. At the same time, sea level was 150 m lower than present in Haida Gwaii, on the northern coast of British Columbia, due to the combined effects of the forebulge raising the land and lower eustatic sea level. A forebulge also developed in parts of southeast Alaska resulting in post-glacial sea levels at least 122 m lower than present and possibly as low as 165 m. On the coasts of Washington and Oregon, as well as south-central Alaska, neotectonics and eustasy seem to have played larger roles than isostatic adjustments in controlling relative sea-level changes

Literasi Masyarakat Pesisir terhadap Perlindungan Data Pribadi dalam Transaksi Financial Technology

Era society 5.0 menuntut setiap masyarakat untuk selalu beradaptasi serta berdampingan dengan perkembangan teknologi. Hal ini berdampak pada perubahan-perubahan sosial seperti layanan jasa keuangan serta memunculkan permalahan hukum baru. Perkembangan teknologi secara tidak disadari memberikan dampak positif serta dampak negative. Salah satu dampak negatif yang hadir adalah berkembangnya platform pinjam-meminjam uang berbasis online yang ilegal. Tentunya juga berimplikasi pada data pribadi masyarakat selaku konsumen yang disalahgunakan oleh pihak yang tidak bertanggung-jawab. Selain itu, masih ada masyarakat yang tidak mengetahui pentingnya perlindungan data pribadi tersebut. Contohnya, di Kelurahan Ngenang masih ada masyarakat yang tidak mengetahui bahaya dari penyebaran data pribadi ke pihak-pihak yang tidak bertanggung-jawab. Maka, pelaksanaan PkM ini dilakukan di Kelurahan Ngenang dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat pesisir di Kelurahan Ngenang tentang perlindungan data pribadi dalam transaksi fintech sebagai media pinjam-meminjam uang secara online. Metode yang digunakan adalah pernyuluhan hukum, yang hasilnya menunjukan peningkatan pemahamana hukum masyarakat terhadap pentingnya perlindungan data pribadi dalam transasksi fintech

A post-glacial sea level hinge on the central Pacific coast of Canada

Post-glacial sea level dynamics during the last 15,000 calendar years are highly variable along the Pacific coast of Canada. During the Last Glacial Maximum, the Earth\u27s crust was depressed by ice loading along the mainland inner coast and relative sea levels were as much as 200 m higher than today. In contrast, some outer coastal areas experienced a glacial forebulge (uplift) effect that caused relative sea levels to drop to as much as 150 m below present levels. Between these inner and outer coasts, we hypothesize that there would have been an area where sea level remained relatively stable, despite regional and global trends in sea level change. To address this hypothesis, we use pond basin coring, diatom analysis, archaeological site testing, sedimentary exposure sampling, and radiocarbon dating to construct sea level histories for the Hakai Passage region. Our data include 106 newly reported radiocarbon ages from key coastal sites that together support the thesis that this area has experienced a relatively stable sea level over the last 15,000 calendar years. These findings are significant in that they indicate a relatively stable coastal environment amenable to long-term human occupation and settlement of the area. Our results will help inform future archaeological investigations in the region

Ipl1/aurora kinase suppresses S-CDK-driven spindle formation during prophase I to ensure chromosome integrity during meiosis

Cells coordinate spindle formation with DNA repair and morphological modifications to chromosomes prior to their segregation to prevent cell division with damaged chromosomes. Here we uncover a novel and unexpected role for Aurora kinase in preventing the formation of spindles by Clb5-CDK (S-CDK) during meiotic prophase I and when the DDR is active in budding yeast. This is critical since S-CDK is essential for replication during premeiotic S-phase as well as double-strand break induction that facilitates meiotic recombination and, ultimately, chromosome segregation. Furthermore, we find that depletion of Cdc5 polo kinase activity delays spindle formation in DDR-arrested cells and that ectopic expression of Cdc5 in prophase I enhances spindle formation, when Ipl1 is depleted. Our findings establish a new paradigm for Aurora kinase function in both negative and positive regulation of spindle dynamics

What About Interaction Geography to Evaluate Physical Learning Spaces?

This paper reviews and explores how interaction geography, a new approach to visualize people’s interaction over space and time, extends current approaches to evaluate physical learning spaces. This chapter begins by reviewing representations produced using interaction geography to study visitor engagement and learning in a museum. In particular, this review illustrates Mondrian Transcription, a method to map people’s movement and conversation over space and time, and the Interaction Geography Slicer (IGS), a dynamic visualisation tool that supports new forms of interaction and multi-modal analysis. Subsequently, this chapter explores how interaction geography may advance the evaluation of physical learning spaces by providing dynamic information visualisation methods that support more expansive views of learning and the evaluation of the alignment between space and pedagogy. This chapter concludes by outlining significant limitations and next steps to expand interaction geography to evaluate physical learning spaces

Observed Reductions in Schistosoma mansoni Transmission from Large-Scale Administration of Praziquantel in Uganda: A Mathematical Modelling Study

To date schistosomiasis control programmes based on chemotherapy have largely aimed at controlling morbidity in treated individuals rather than at suppressing transmission. In this study, a mathematical modelling approach was used to estimate reductions in the rate of Schistosoma mansoni reinfection following annual mass drug administration (MDA) with praziquantel in Uganda over four years (2003-2006). In doing this we aim to elucidate the benefits of MDA in reducing community transmission.Age-structured models were fitted to a longitudinal cohort followed up across successive rounds of annual treatment for four years (Baseline: 2003, TREATMENT: 2004-2006; n = 1,764). Instead of modelling contamination, infection and immunity processes separately, these functions were combined in order to estimate a composite force of infection (FOI), i.e., the rate of parasite acquisition by hosts.MDA achieved substantial and statistically significant reductions in the FOI following one round of treatment in areas of low baseline infection intensity, and following two rounds in areas with high and medium intensities. In all areas, the FOI remained suppressed following a third round of treatment.This study represents one of the first attempts to monitor reductions in the FOI within a large-scale MDA schistosomiasis morbidity control programme in sub-Saharan Africa. The results indicate that the Schistosomiasis Control Initiative, as a model for other MDA programmes, is likely exerting a significant ancillary impact on reducing transmission within the community, and may provide health benefits to those who do not receive treatment. The results obtained will have implications for evaluating the cost-effectiveness of schistosomiasis control programmes and the design of monitoring and evaluation approaches in general

GPR80/99, proposed to be the P2Y15 receptor activated by adenosine and AMP, is not a P2Y receptor

The orphan receptor GPR80 (also called GPR99) was recently reported to be the P2Y15 receptor activated by AMP and adenosine and coupled to increases in cyclic AMP accumulation and intracellular Ca2+ mobilization (Inbe et al. J Biol Chem 2004; 279: 19790–9[12]). However, the cell line (HEK293) used to carry out those studies endogenously expresses A2A and A2B adenosine receptors as well as multiple P2Y receptors, which complicates the analysis of a potential P2Y receptor. To determine unambiguously whether GPR80 is a P2Y receptor subtype, HA-tagged GPR80 was either stably expressed in CHO cells or transiently expressed in COS-7 and HEK293 cells, and cell surface expression was verified by radioimmunoassay (RIA). COS-7 cells overexpressing GPR80 showed a consistent twofold increase in basal inositol phosphate accumulation. However, neither adenosine nor AMP was capable of promoting accumulation of either cyclic AMP or inositol phosphates in any of the three GPR80-expressing cells. A recent paper (He et al. Nature 2004; 429: 188–93 [15]) reported that GPR80 is a Gq-coupled receptor activated by the citric acid cycle intermediate, α-ketoglutarate. Consistent with this report, α-ketoglutarate promoted inositol phosphate accumulation in CHO and HEK293 cells expressing GPR80, and pretreatment of GPR80-expressing COS-7 cells with glutamate dehydrogenase, which converts α-ketoglutarate to glutamate, decreased basal levels of inositol phosphates. Taken together, these data demonstrate that GPR80 is not activated by adenosine, AMP or other nucleotides, but instead is activated by α-ketoglutarate. Therefore, GPR80 is not a new member of the P2Y receptor family

Time sequence of the damage to the acceptor and donor sides of photosystem II by UV-B radiation as evaluated by chlorophyll a fluorescence

The effects of ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation on photosystem II (PS II) were studied in leaves of Chenopodium album. After the treatment with UV-B the damage was estimated using chlorophyll a fluorescence techniques. Measurements of modulated fluorescence using a pulse amplitude modulated fluorometer revealed that the efficiency of photosystem II decreased both with increasing time of UV-B radiation and with increasing intensity of the UV-B. Fluorescence induction rise curves were analyzed using a mechanistic model of energy trapping. It appears that the damage by UV-B radiation occurs first at the acceptor side of photosystem II, and only later at the donor side

Uncovering the Dynamics of Cardiac Systems Using Stochastic Pacing and Frequency Domain Analyses

Alternans of cardiac action potential duration (APD) is a well-known arrhythmogenic mechanism which results from dynamical instabilities. The propensity to alternans is classically investigated by examining APD restitution and by deriving APD restitution slopes as predictive markers. However, experiments have shown that such markers are not always accurate for the prediction of alternans. Using a mathematical ventricular cell model known to exhibit unstable dynamics of both membrane potential and Ca2+ cycling, we demonstrate that an accurate marker can be obtained by pacing at cycle lengths (CLs) varying randomly around a basic CL (BCL) and by evaluating the transfer function between the time series of CLs and APDs using an autoregressive-moving-average (ARMA) model. The first pole of this transfer function corresponds to the eigenvalue (λalt) of the dominant eigenmode of the cardiac system, which predicts that alternans occurs when λalt≤−1. For different BCLs, control values of λalt were obtained using eigenmode analysis and compared to the first pole of the transfer function estimated using ARMA model fitting in simulations of random pacing protocols. In all versions of the cell model, this pole provided an accurate estimation of λalt. Furthermore, during slow ramp decreases of BCL or simulated drug application, this approach predicted the onset of alternans by extrapolating the time course of the estimated λalt. In conclusion, stochastic pacing and ARMA model identification represents a novel approach to predict alternans without making any assumptions about its ionic mechanisms. It should therefore be applicable experimentally for any type of myocardial cell