Project Status of the Polish Synchrotron Radiation Facility Solaris

Abstract in Undetermined The Polish synchrotron radiation facility Solaris is being built at the Jagiellonian University in Krakow. The project is based on an identical copy of the 1.5 GeV storage ring being concurrently built for the MAX IV project in Lund, Sweden. A general description of the facility is given together with a status of activities. Unique features associated with Solaris are outlined, such as infrastructure, the injector and operational characteristics

Engaging in NDRTs affects drivers’ responses and glance patterns after silent automation failures

The aim of this study was to understand driver responses to “silent” failures in automated driving, where automation failed during a simulator drive, without a take-over warning. The effect of a visual non-driving related task (NDRT) and a road-based vigilance task presented drivers’ take-over response and visual attention was also investigated. Currently, automated driving systems face a number of limitations that require control to be handed back to the driver. Much of the research to date has focused on explicit take-over requests (ToRs) and shows that drivers struggle to resume control safely, exacerbated by disengagement from the driving task, for instance, due to the presence of NDRTs. However, little is known about whether, and how, drivers will respond to more subtle automation failures that come without a warning, and how this is affected by NDRT engagement. Thirty participants drove a simulated automated drive in two conditions, which had 6 silent automation failures each (3 on a Curve, 3 in a Straight), with no ToRs. In one condition, drivers were required to constantly monitor the road, which was enforced by a road-based vigilance task (VMS Only). In the other, drivers performed an additional visual NDRT, requiring them to divide their attention (VMS + Arrows). Results showed that, in both conditions, all drivers eventually detected and responded to all silent automation failures. However, engaging in an additional NDRT during automation resulted in significantly more lane excursions and longer take-over times. Adding a visual NDRT not only changed the distribution of drivers’ visual attention before and after the failure but also how they divided their attention between information on the road environment and the human–machine interface, which provided information on automation status. These results provide support for how driver monitoring systems may be used to detect drivers’ visual attention to the driving task and surroundings, and used as a tool for encouraging driver intervention, when required

The global retinoblastoma outcome study : a prospective, cluster-based analysis of 4064 patients from 149 countries

DATA SHARING : The study data will become available online once all analyses are complete.BACKGROUND : Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular cancer worldwide. There is some evidence to suggest that major differences exist in treatment outcomes for children with retinoblastoma from different regions, but these differences have not been assessed on a global scale. We aimed to report 3-year outcomes for children with retinoblastoma globally and to investigate factors associated with survival. METHODS : We did a prospective cluster-based analysis of treatment-naive patients with retinoblastoma who were diagnosed between Jan 1, 2017, and Dec 31, 2017, then treated and followed up for 3 years. Patients were recruited from 260 specialised treatment centres worldwide. Data were obtained from participating centres on primary and additional treatments, duration of follow-up, metastasis, eye globe salvage, and survival outcome. We analysed time to death and time to enucleation with Cox regression models. FINDINGS : The cohort included 4064 children from 149 countries. The median age at diagnosis was 23·2 months (IQR 11·0–36·5). Extraocular tumour spread (cT4 of the cTNMH classification) at diagnosis was reported in five (0·8%) of 636 children from high-income countries, 55 (5·4%) of 1027 children from upper-middle-income countries, 342 (19·7%) of 1738 children from lower-middle-income countries, and 196 (42·9%) of 457 children from low-income countries. Enucleation surgery was available for all children and intravenous chemotherapy was available for 4014 (98·8%) of 4064 children. The 3-year survival rate was 99·5% (95% CI 98·8–100·0) for children from high-income countries, 91·2% (89·5–93·0) for children from upper-middle-income countries, 80·3% (78·3–82·3) for children from lower-middle-income countries, and 57·3% (52·1-63·0) for children from low-income countries. On analysis, independent factors for worse survival were residence in low-income countries compared to high-income countries (hazard ratio 16·67; 95% CI 4·76–50·00), cT4 advanced tumour compared to cT1 (8·98; 4·44–18·18), and older age at diagnosis in children up to 3 years (1·38 per year; 1·23–1·56). For children aged 3–7 years, the mortality risk decreased slightly (p=0·0104 for the change in slope). INTERPRETATION : This study, estimated to include approximately half of all new retinoblastoma cases worldwide in 2017, shows profound inequity in survival of children depending on the national income level of their country of residence. In high-income countries, death from retinoblastoma is rare, whereas in low-income countries estimated 3-year survival is just over 50%. Although essential treatments are available in nearly all countries, early diagnosis and treatment in low-income countries are key to improving survival outcomes.The Queen Elizabeth Diamond Jubilee Trust and the Wellcome Trust.https://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/homeam2023Paediatrics and Child Healt

Kalkbruk - krympsprickor och historisk utveckling av material, metoder och förhållningsätt

I denna avhandling undersöks uppkomst av krympsprickor i puts. I undersökningen används våtsläckt sub- hydrauliska kalk. Den aktuella kalksorten har används i Sverige under 1800- och 1900-talet men också under 2000-talet i samband med putsrestaureringar. Observationer i samband med framställning och användning av denna typ av kalk pekade på att om kalken bearbetas för att den skall vara lättare att sila och förpacka samt därefter lagras uppstod en högre frekvens krympsprickor i putsen än om kalken inte lagrades eller upparbetades. En undersökning gjordes för att undersöka det empiriskt observerade sambandet. Resultaten från undersökningen visade att upparbetning och lagring av våtsläckt sub-hydraulisk kalk bidrog till att frekvensen krympsprickor i puts ökade. Resultaten pekade på att bindemedelrika bruk kunde var möjliga att framställa och använda i praktiken. En förutsättning för framställning av bindemedelrika bruk var att bruket blandades på nysläckt kalk. Detta sätt att tillverka bruk på ökar risken för att skador av osläckt kalk uppstår. För att minska denna risk rekommenderas under 1900-talets mitt att våtsläckt kalk skall lagras från 1-4 veckor innan den används. I motsats rekommenderas under 1800-talet att bruk framställs på nysläckt kalk med motiveringen att det ger bruket bättre beständighet. För att undersöka användbarheten av nysläckt kalk i praktiken implementerades resultat i en putsrestaurering av en medeltida kyrka. Syftet med implementeringen var att undersöka om bindemedelrika bruk gick att framställa på nysläckt kalk utan att oacceptabla krympsprickor eller kalkskott uppstår. Resultat från den implementerade studien visade att bindemedelrika bruk var möjliga att framställa och använda utan att oacceptabla krympsprikor eller kalkskott uppstod

On Detection and Estimation of Multiple Sources in Radar Array Processing

This thesis deals with detection and estimation problems in sensor array signal processing. We treat the multiple hypothesis problem for complex sinusoids observed in spatially colored noise. The detection scheme protects against false alarms by allowing the user to set the thresholds such that a specified probability of over-estimation is obtained. The method relies on using the Sequentially Rejective Bonferroni Test for bounding the false alarm probability. As test statistics, generalized likelihood ratios are used together with the Nonlinear Weighted Least Squares, NWLS, estimates. The NWLS method is shown to be consistent and the asymptotic multivariate Gaussian distribution of the parameter estimates is derived under a large class of noise distributions. We also treat adaptive data reduction with minimal information loss via linear transformations. This is investigated for both stochastic and deterministic source signal models observed in complex Gaussian colored noise. The criterion used is preservation of the Cram\ue9r-Rao Bounds, CRB. The optimal transformation depends on the unknown noise covariance matrix as well as the unknown directions of arrival. However, as is shown, one may use the array covariance matrix instead of the noise covariance matrix, without affecting the CRB. The transformation results in lower computational complexity and a reduced sensitivity to colored noise. To further reduce the computational load, we present an approach that combines the information preserving linear transformation with a uniform linear array interpolation. This enables the use of computationally efficient approaches for direction estimation such as the Root-MUSIC, ESPRIT or IQML methods. Finally, we treat a different problem, namely the classification problem. Therein, it is often desirable to reduce the number of features used for classifying a set of data. We propose a linear transformation that reduces the feature dimension so that the separation between the classes is retained, as measured by all pairwise Mahalanobis distances between the classes. In the two class case, it coincides with the well known Fisher linear discriminant function. The proposed method is found to perform well in comparison to other established techniques