Evidence for partial melt in the crust beneath Mt. Paektu (Changbaishan), Democratic People's Republic of Korea and China

Mt. Paektu (also known as Changbaishan) is an enigmatic volcano on the border between the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) and China. Despite being responsible for one of the largest eruptions in history, comparatively little is known about its magmatic evolution, geochronology, or underlying structure. We present receiver function results from an unprecedented seismic deployment in the DPRK. These are the first estimates of the crustal structure on the DPRK side of the volcano and, indeed, for anywhere beneath the DPRK. The crust 60 km from the volcano has a thickness of 35 km and a bulk $V_\text{P}$/$V_\text{S}$ of 1.76, similar to that of the Sino-Korean craton. The $V_\text{P}$/$V_\text{S}$ ratio increases ~20 km from the volcano, rising to >1.87 directly beneath the volcano. This shows that a large region of the crust has been modified by magmatism associated with the volcanism. Such high values of $V_\text{P}$/$V_\text{S}$ suggest that partial melt is present in the crust beneath Mt. Paektu. This region of melt represents a potential source for magmas erupted in the last few thousand years and may be associated with an episode of volcanic unrest observed between 2002 and 2005.This work was supported by the Richard Lounsbery Foundation. The UK seismic instruments and data management facilities were provided under loan number 976 by SEIS-UK at the University of Leicester. The facilities of SEIS-UK are supported by the NERC under Agreement R8/H10/64. J.O.S.H. was supported by an NERC Fellowship NE/I020342/1

Coarsening Kinetics of a Two Dimensional O(2) Ginzburg-Landau Model: Effect of Reversible Mode Coupling

We investigate, via numerical simulations, the phase ordering kinetics of a two- dimensional soft-spin O(2) Ginzburg-Landau model when a reversible mode cou- pling is included via the conserved conjugate momentum of the spin order parameter (the model E). Coarsening of the system, when quenched from a dis- ordered state to zero temperature, is observed to be enhanced by the existence of the mode coupling terms. The growth of the characteristic length scale L(t) exhibits an effective super-diffusive growth exponent that can be interpreted as a positive logarithmic-like correction to a diffusive growth, i.e., L(t) ~ (t ln t)^{1/2}. In order to understand this behavior, we introduced a simple phenomenological model of coarsening based on the annihilation dynamics of a vortex-antivortex pair, incorporating the effect of vortex inertia and logarithmically divergent mobility of the vortex. With a suitable choice of the parameters, numerical solutions of the simple model can fit the full simulation results very adequately. The effective growth exponent in the early time stage is larger due to the effect of the vortex inertia, which crosses over into late time stage characterized by positive logarithmic correction to a diffusive growth. We also investigated the non-equilibrium autocorrelation function from which the so called {\lambda} exponent can be extracted. We get {\lambda} = 1.99(2) which is distinctively larger than the value of {\lambda} = 1.17 for the purely dissipative model-A dynamics of non-conserved O(2) models.Comment: 19 pages, 8 figure

Quantifying gas emissions from the "Millennium Eruption" of Paektu volcano, Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea/China

Paektu volcano (Changbaishan) is a rhyolitic caldera that straddles the border between the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea and China. Its most recent large eruption was the Millennium Eruption (ME; 23 km$^{3}$ dense rock equivalent) circa 946 CE, which resulted in the release of copious magmatic volatiles (H$_{2}$O, CO$_{2}$, sulfur, and halogens). Accurate quantification of volatile yield and composition is critical in assessing volcanogenic climate impacts but is challenging, particularly for events before the satellite era. We use a geochemical technique to quantify volatile composition and upper bounds to yields for the ME by examining trends in incompatible trace and volatile element concentrations in crystal-hosted melt inclusions. We estimate that the ME could have emitted as much as 45 Tg of S to the atmosphere. This is greater than the quantity of S released by the 1815 eruption of Tambora, which contributed to the “year without a summer.” Our maximum gas yield estimates place the ME among the strongest emitters of climate-forcing gases in the Common Era. However, ice cores from Greenland record only a relatively weak sulfate signal attributed to the ME. We suggest that other factors came into play in minimizing the glaciochemical signature. This paradoxical case in which high S emissions do not result in a strong glacial sulfate signal may present a way forward in building more https://symplectic.admin.cam.ac.uk/objectedit.html?cid=1&oid=876954generalized models for interpreting which volcanic eruptions have produced large climate impacts.K.I. was supported by the NSF under award no. 1349486 and by AAAS. Fieldwork was supported by the Richard Lounsbery Foundation

Holographic Renormalization and Stress Tensors in New Massive Gravity

We obtain holographically renormalized boundary stress tensors with the emphasis on a special point in the parameter space of three dimensional new massive gravity, using the so-called Fefferman-Graham coordinates with relevant counter terms. Through the linearized equations of motion with a standard prescription, we also obtain correlators among these stress tensors. We argue that the self-consistency of holographic renormalization determines counter terms up to unphysical ambiguities. Using these renormalized stress tensors in Fefferman-Graham coordinates, we obtain the central charges of dual CFT, and mass and angular momentum of some $AdS$ black hole solutions. These results are consistent with the previous ones obtained by other methods. In this study on the Fefferman-Graham expansion of new massive gravity, some aspects of higher curvature gravity are revealed.Comment: Version accepted for publication in JHEP, conclusion revised, references adde

Robot-assisted posterior retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy: single port access

Laparoscopic adrenalectomy has become a gold standard in adrenal gland surgery. More recently, some minimally invasive trials have been conducted on single access surgery on the adrenal gland. In this study, we introduce our first experiences of robot-assisted posterior retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy using single-port access and the da Vinci system

AdS Black Hole Solutions in the Extended New Massive Gravity

We have obtained (warped) AdS black hole solutions in the three dimensional extended new massive gravity. We investigate some properties of black holes and obtain central charges of the two dimensional dual CFT. To obtain the central charges, we use the relation between entropy and temperature according to the AdS/CFT dictionary. For AdS black holes, one can also use the central charge function formalism which leads to the same results.Comment: 24pages, some organization corrected, minor corrections, references added, final published versio

Detection of sexually transmitted infection and human papillomavirus in negative cytology by multiplex-PCR

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) and 15 species that cause sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in negative cytology. In addition, we compared the diagnostic performance of multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with widely available techniques used to detect HPV.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We recruited 235 women of reproductive age who had negative cytology findings in a liquid-based cervical smear. STIs were identified by multiplex PCR, and HPV genotypes by multiplex PCR, hybrid capture 2, and DNA microaray; discordant results were analyzed by direct sequencing.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Approximately 96.6% of patients with negative cytology results were positive for pathogens that cause STIs. The pathogens most frequently detected were <it>Gardnerella vaginalis, Ureaplasma urealyticum</it>. The incidence of HPV in negative cytology was 23.3%. Low-risk HPV infection was significantly correlated with <it>Chalmaydia trachomatis</it>, and high-risk HPV infection was significantly correlated with <it>Group β streptococcus</it>. The analytical sensitivities of the multiplex PCR and DNA microarray were higher than 80%, and the analytical specificity was nearly 100% for all tests.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Multiplex PCR yielded results that most of patients with negative cytology were positive for pathogens that cause STIs, and were more similar to that of DNA microarray, than that of hybrid capture 2 in terms of analytical sensitivity and prediction value of HPV infection.</p

Quasi Normal Modes for New Type Black Holes in New Massive Gravity

We obtain the quasi-normal mode frequencies of scalar perturbation on new type black holes in three dimensional new massive gravity. In some special cases, the exact quasi-normal mode frequencies are obtained by solving scalar field equations exactly. On some parameter regions, the highly damped quasi-normal mode frequencies are obtained in an analytic form by the so-called Stokes line method. This study on quasi-normal modes shed some light on the mysterious nature of these black holes. We also comment about AdS/CFT correspondence and the entropy/area spectrum for new type black holes.Comment: 21pages, 1figure; Published version, references are added, some parts are revise

Transcriptional regulatory networks of tumor-associated macrophages that drive malignancy in mesenchymal glioblastoma.

BACKGROUND: Glioblastoma (GBM) is a complex disease with extensive molecular and transcriptional heterogeneity. GBM can be subcategorized into four distinct subtypes; tumors that shift towards the mesenchymal phenotype upon recurrence are generally associated with treatment resistance, unfavorable prognosis, and the infiltration of pro-tumorigenic macrophages. RESULTS: We explore the transcriptional regulatory networks of mesenchymal-associated tumor-associated macrophages (MA-TAMs), which drive the malignant phenotypic state of GBM, and identify macrophage receptor with collagenous structure (MARCO) as the most highly differentially expressed gene. MARCO CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, our study characterizes the global transcriptional profile of TAMs driving mesenchymal GBM pathogenesis, providing potential therapeutic targets for improving the effectiveness of GBM immunotherapy