Letter, 1953 January 20, from Leonard Jones to the Ebonairs

1 page, the Ebonaires are invited to the Rats Revel, a dinner party. Jones is the secretary for the Rats Revel Society is writing this for Ben Warriss and Bertha Willmott

Use of cohesive elements in fatigue analysis

Cohesive laws describe the resistance to incipient separation of material surfaces. A cohesive finite element is formulated on the basis of a particular cohesive law. Cohesive elements are placed at the boundary between adjacent standard volume finite elements to model fatigue damage that leads to fracture at the separation of the element boundaries per the cohesive law. In this work, a cohesive model for fatigue crack initiation is taken to be the irreversible loadingunloading hysteresis that represents fatigue damage occuring due to cyclic loads leading to the initiation of small cracks. Various cohesive laws are reviewed and one is selected that incorporates a hysteretic cyclic loading that accounts for energetic dissipative mechanisms. A mathematical representation is developed based on an exponential effective load-separation cohesive relationship. A three-dimensional cohesive element is defined using this compliance relationship integrated at four points on the mid-surface of the area element. Implementation into finite element software is discussed and particular attention is applied to numerical convergence issues as the inflection point between loading and 'unloading in the cohesive law is encountered. A simple example of a displacementcontrolled fatigue test is presented in a finite element simulation. Comments are made on applications of the method to prediction of fatigue life for engineering structures such as pressure vessels and piping

La Croix-Rouge Américaine et la Suisse

Il y a quelques mois, nous avons étudié ici même, sous le titre de > l'aide prêtée par une Croix-Rouge nationale à un pays allié. L'exposé qui va suivre fera connaître l'aide apportée par cette même Croix-Rouge à un pays neutre pleinement conscient de ses devoirs humanitaires. Pour se faire une idée de ce qui a été accompli, il est nécessaire de comprendre la situation en Suisse et l'organisation de la Croix-Rouge Américain

The bearing capacity and settlement of gravel piles in clay

Includes bibliography.The writer has been interested in the subject of gravel piles for a number of years and has been suprised at the lack of rational design methods. When the piles are inserted in sand their purpose is mainly one of densification and their effectiveness is usually measured by a Dutch Cone Penetrometer with an increase in cone resistance as the sand is densified. For clays the above method is clearly not applicable and a conservative approach has generally been adopted with regard to the pile length and spacing. There appears to be only one paper which is often quoted as a design method (Hughes and Withers 1974) and at least one contractor used this method as a basis for design (Cementation •1977). The State of the Art was advanced in .1976 when a symposium on ground treatment was held. Again the basic design philosophy adopted was that of Hughes and Withers, and numerous case histories appeared to back up the design approach. The writer was therefore interested in formulating a new design method which could act as a check on the traditional method. Also, it was felt that an understanding of the stress-strain behaviour of the pile was needed to fully appreciate the implications of any design method. However, prior to the submission of the thesis the writer was made aware of work undertaken in Australia (Balaam and Booker 1979) which used elastic methods to establish the stress-strain behaviour of a pile. This approach is valuable as the sensitivity of design to various parameter changes can quickly be checked by reference to the numerous graphs presented. As this work is little known the relevant graphs have been reproduced in Ch. 8 of this thesis. It is intended that this thesis will act as a concise guide to column behaviour and design, as well as to the uses to which they may be put. Also, a new design method is proposed which. has been developed from a basic understanding of the stress-strain behaviour of a pile. The sequential approach used in developing this thesis is outlined in the next section

Recovery of caustic soda from the mercerization process

M.S.William L. Hyde

Energy Justice in Dhaka's Slums

Access to energy is widely acknowledged to be a fundamental determinant of human wellbeing and a key element of poverty alleviation. The UN Sustainable Development Goal SDG7, target 1 demands that by 2030, we are to ‘ensure universal access to affordable, reliable, and modern energy services.’ This is an exceptionally ambitious aspiration, given that around one billion people live without electricity and about three billion, most of whom reside in the global South, depend on cooking with solid fuels. Research on the challenges of universal energy access for the urban poor has potential to contribute to substantial quality-of-life improvements for a vast population. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the complex and inequitable socio-technical infrastructures underlying access to energy for households in particularly challenging environments, the slums of Dhaka, Bangladesh. The nascent energy justice debate is far from comprehensive at this stage of its development, with a deficiency in studies in the global South and for household scale analyses. Scholarship to date is largely situated in the North and presents global or national scale principles. An understanding of the concepts around particularities of cities of the global South developed in the Southern urban critique provides an informative entry point for energy justice deliberations relating to informal settlements in poor cities. Through engaging with the capability approach, this thesis develops a detailed appreciation of the effects of energy injustices on households and individuals in a case study slum, Kalyanpur Pora Bostee in Dhaka. In these terms, this thesis opens a new dialogue between energy justice, the capability approach, and the Southern urban critique to develop a new framework for energy justice – a framework designed specifically for urban poverty conditions in the global South. The framework presents key principles for energy justice in this environment, and maps relationships and dependencies between those principles

Consumer-to-Consumer Ecommerce: Acceptance and Intended Behavior

Consumer-to-consumer ecommerce is used by individuals who come together to buy and sell products. With the widespread use of this commerce environment comes the need to explore potential influences on its acceptance or one’s intention to use it. Using the technology acceptance model, the theory of planned behavior, and ecommerce success theory, a research model is proposed. After collecting 94 survey responses, the model is examined using regression analysis. The findings indicate that perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, attitude, and satisfaction influence one’s acceptance of or intention to use consumer-to-consumer ecommerce. A discussion of the study findings is provided