13 research outputs found

    Anomalies chromosomiques et leucémies lymphoïdes chroniques agressives : rÎle des gÚnes TNFRSF10 dans la délétion 8p

    No full text
    Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common leukemia in the West. The prognosis is highly heterogeneous and depends on cytogenetic and molecular abnormalities. Some of these abnormalities involve resistance to CLL treatments, which is crucial to understand for an optimal treatment. My thesis work mainly focused on CLL with 8p deletion (del8p). We have shown that this rare but recurrent chromosomal abnormality was associated with poor prognostic factors (such as complex karyotype, TP53 aberrations, and unmutated IGHV status), short overall and progression-free survival, and Richter transformation. I showed the implication of the TNFRSF10 gene family, receptors for the TRAIL ligand, in the great majority of patients carrying the del8p (91% in our cohort). Using a CLL cell line model (OSU-CLL), which I edited by CISPR/Cas9, I demonstrated that both TNFRSF10A and TNFRSF10B were functional in CLL, and that TRAIL pathway activated by TNFRSF10B was significantly involved in fludarabine-induced cell death – fludarabine being a CLL treatment. Furthermore, I showed by in vitro induced apoptosis assays that primary del8p CLL cells lost their ability to overexpress TNFRSF10B after exposure to fludarabine, resulting in a significant reduction in TRAIL sensitivity. These data suggest a lower efficacy of fludarabine in del8p patients, but also a potential synergy between fludarabine and TRAIL therapies under development, which might benefit non-del8p CLL patients. I also contributed to the characterization of the genetic profile of B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia, a rare but aggressive type of CLL. We showed that a risk stratification according to MYC and TP53 gene abnormalities allowed to define 3 groups with quite distinct prognosis. Finally, I investigated the impact of complex and hypercomplex karyotype as an independent prognostic factor. A review of the literature confirmed the reduction of overall and progression-free survival, especially after fludarabine treatment. Recent studies on the influence of complex karyotype after targeted therapy (ibrutinib, venetoclax...) still appear controversial, and will require further research with longer follow-up.La leucĂ©mie lymphoĂŻde chronique (LLC) est la leucĂ©mie la plus frĂ©quente de l’adulte caucasien. Le pronostic, trĂšs hĂ©tĂ©rogĂšne, dĂ©pend des anomalies cytogĂ©nĂ©tiques et molĂ©culaires. Certaines de ces anomalies sont associĂ©es Ă  des mĂ©canismes de rĂ©sistance aux traitements, dont la comprĂ©hension est primordiale pour adapter les thĂ©rapies. Mon travail de thĂšse a principalement portĂ© sur l’étude des LLC avec dĂ©lĂ©tion 8p (del8p). Nous avons montrĂ© que cette anomalie chromosomique rare, mais rĂ©currente, Ă©tait non seulement frĂ©quemment associĂ©e Ă  d’autres facteurs « classiques » de mauvais pronostic (tels que le caryotype complexe, les anomalies TP53, et le statut IGHV non mutĂ©), mais Ă©galement Ă  des survies globale et sans progression raccourcies, et un risque de transformation en lymphome agressif (Richter). J’ai montrĂ© l’implication de la famille des gĂšnes TNFRSF10, rĂ©cepteurs du ligand TRAIL, dans la grande majoritĂ© des patients porteurs de la dĂ©lĂ©tion (91% dans notre cohorte). En utilisant un modĂšle de lignĂ©e cellulaire de LLC (OSU-CLL) que j’ai modifiĂ© par CRISPR/Cas9, j’ai montrĂ© que TNFRSF10A et TNFRSF10B Ă©taient tous deux fonctionnels dans la LLC, et que la voie TRAIL activĂ©e par TNFRSF10B Ă©tait particuliĂšrement impliquĂ© dans la mort cellulaire induite par la fludarabine, un traitement utilisĂ© dans la LLC. De plus, j’ai montrĂ© par des tests d’apoptose induite in vitro que les cellules primaires de LLC del8p perdaient leur capacitĂ© Ă  surexprimer TNFRSF10B aprĂšs exposition Ă  la fludarabine, d’oĂč une rĂ©duction significative de la sensibilitĂ© Ă  TRAIL. Ces donnĂ©es suggĂšrent d’une part une efficacitĂ© diminuĂ©e de la fludarabine chez les patients porteurs d’une del8p, mais Ă©galement une synergie possible entre la fludarabine et les traitements activateurs de la voie TRAIL en cours de dĂ©veloppement qui pourrait ĂȘtre une option thĂ©rapeutique. J’ai Ă©galement participĂ© Ă  un travail ayant permis la caractĂ©risation du profil gĂ©nĂ©tique des leucĂ©mies prolymphocytaires B, une forme rare et agressive de LLC, au sein desquelles nous avons montrĂ© qu’une stratification du risque selon les anomalies des gĂšnes MYC et TP53 permettait de dĂ©finir 3 groupes de pronostic trĂšs diffĂ©rent. Enfin, je me suis intĂ©ressĂ© Ă  l’impact du caryotype complexe et hypercomplexe en tant que facteur pronostique indĂ©pendant. Une revue de la littĂ©rature a confirmĂ© la rĂ©duction des survies globale et sans progression aprĂšs traitement par fludarabine. Les Ă©tudes plus rĂ©centes Ă  propos de l’influence du caryotype complexe sur la survie aprĂšs traitement ciblĂ© (ibrutinib, vĂ©nĂ©toclax
), apparaissent encore contradictoires, et nĂ©cessiteront davantage de recul

    Anomalies chromosomiques et leucémies lymphoïdes chroniques agressives : rÎle des gÚnes TNFRSF10 dans la délétion 8p

    No full text
    Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common leukemia in the West. The prognosis is highly heterogeneous and depends on cytogenetic and molecular abnormalities. Some of these abnormalities involve resistance to CLL treatments, which is crucial to understand for an optimal treatment. My thesis work mainly focused on CLL with 8p deletion (del8p). We have shown that this rare but recurrent chromosomal abnormality was associated with poor prognostic factors (such as complex karyotype, TP53 aberrations, and unmutated IGHV status), short overall and progression-free survival, and Richter transformation. I showed the implication of the TNFRSF10 gene family, receptors for the TRAIL ligand, in the great majority of patients carrying the del8p (91% in our cohort). Using a CLL cell line model (OSU-CLL), which I edited by CISPR/Cas9, I demonstrated that both TNFRSF10A and TNFRSF10B were functional in CLL, and that TRAIL pathway activated by TNFRSF10B was significantly involved in fludarabine-induced cell death – fludarabine being a CLL treatment. Furthermore, I showed by in vitro induced apoptosis assays that primary del8p CLL cells lost their ability to overexpress TNFRSF10B after exposure to fludarabine, resulting in a significant reduction in TRAIL sensitivity. These data suggest a lower efficacy of fludarabine in del8p patients, but also a potential synergy between fludarabine and TRAIL therapies under development, which might benefit non-del8p CLL patients. I also contributed to the characterization of the genetic profile of B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia, a rare but aggressive type of CLL. We showed that a risk stratification according to MYC and TP53 gene abnormalities allowed to define 3 groups with quite distinct prognosis. Finally, I investigated the impact of complex and hypercomplex karyotype as an independent prognostic factor. A review of the literature confirmed the reduction of overall and progression-free survival, especially after fludarabine treatment. Recent studies on the influence of complex karyotype after targeted therapy (ibrutinib, venetoclax...) still appear controversial, and will require further research with longer follow-up.La leucĂ©mie lymphoĂŻde chronique (LLC) est la leucĂ©mie la plus frĂ©quente de l’adulte caucasien. Le pronostic, trĂšs hĂ©tĂ©rogĂšne, dĂ©pend des anomalies cytogĂ©nĂ©tiques et molĂ©culaires. Certaines de ces anomalies sont associĂ©es Ă  des mĂ©canismes de rĂ©sistance aux traitements, dont la comprĂ©hension est primordiale pour adapter les thĂ©rapies. Mon travail de thĂšse a principalement portĂ© sur l’étude des LLC avec dĂ©lĂ©tion 8p (del8p). Nous avons montrĂ© que cette anomalie chromosomique rare, mais rĂ©currente, Ă©tait non seulement frĂ©quemment associĂ©e Ă  d’autres facteurs « classiques » de mauvais pronostic (tels que le caryotype complexe, les anomalies TP53, et le statut IGHV non mutĂ©), mais Ă©galement Ă  des survies globale et sans progression raccourcies, et un risque de transformation en lymphome agressif (Richter). J’ai montrĂ© l’implication de la famille des gĂšnes TNFRSF10, rĂ©cepteurs du ligand TRAIL, dans la grande majoritĂ© des patients porteurs de la dĂ©lĂ©tion (91% dans notre cohorte). En utilisant un modĂšle de lignĂ©e cellulaire de LLC (OSU-CLL) que j’ai modifiĂ© par CRISPR/Cas9, j’ai montrĂ© que TNFRSF10A et TNFRSF10B Ă©taient tous deux fonctionnels dans la LLC, et que la voie TRAIL activĂ©e par TNFRSF10B Ă©tait particuliĂšrement impliquĂ© dans la mort cellulaire induite par la fludarabine, un traitement utilisĂ© dans la LLC. De plus, j’ai montrĂ© par des tests d’apoptose induite in vitro que les cellules primaires de LLC del8p perdaient leur capacitĂ© Ă  surexprimer TNFRSF10B aprĂšs exposition Ă  la fludarabine, d’oĂč une rĂ©duction significative de la sensibilitĂ© Ă  TRAIL. Ces donnĂ©es suggĂšrent d’une part une efficacitĂ© diminuĂ©e de la fludarabine chez les patients porteurs d’une del8p, mais Ă©galement une synergie possible entre la fludarabine et les traitements activateurs de la voie TRAIL en cours de dĂ©veloppement qui pourrait ĂȘtre une option thĂ©rapeutique. J’ai Ă©galement participĂ© Ă  un travail ayant permis la caractĂ©risation du profil gĂ©nĂ©tique des leucĂ©mies prolymphocytaires B, une forme rare et agressive de LLC, au sein desquelles nous avons montrĂ© qu’une stratification du risque selon les anomalies des gĂšnes MYC et TP53 permettait de dĂ©finir 3 groupes de pronostic trĂšs diffĂ©rent. Enfin, je me suis intĂ©ressĂ© Ă  l’impact du caryotype complexe et hypercomplexe en tant que facteur pronostique indĂ©pendant. Une revue de la littĂ©rature a confirmĂ© la rĂ©duction des survies globale et sans progression aprĂšs traitement par fludarabine. Les Ă©tudes plus rĂ©centes Ă  propos de l’influence du caryotype complexe sur la survie aprĂšs traitement ciblĂ© (ibrutinib, vĂ©nĂ©toclax
), apparaissent encore contradictoires, et nĂ©cessiteront davantage de recul

    Mechanisms of drug resistance in chronic lymphoid leukemia : role of the deletion of the short arm of chromosome 8

    No full text
    La leucĂ©mie lymphoĂŻde chronique (LLC) est la leucĂ©mie la plus frĂ©quente de l’adulte caucasien. Le pronostic, trĂšs hĂ©tĂ©rogĂšne, dĂ©pend des anomalies cytogĂ©nĂ©tiques et molĂ©culaires. Certaines de ces anomalies sont associĂ©es Ă  des mĂ©canismes de rĂ©sistance aux traitements, dont la comprĂ©hension est primordiale pour adapter les thĂ©rapies. Mon travail de thĂšse a principalement portĂ© sur l’étude des LLC avec dĂ©lĂ©tion 8p (del8p). Nous avons montrĂ© que cette anomalie chromosomique rare, mais rĂ©currente, Ă©tait non seulement frĂ©quemment associĂ©e Ă  d’autres facteurs « classiques » de mauvais pronostic (tels que le caryotype complexe, les anomalies TP53, et le statut IGHV non mutĂ©), mais Ă©galement Ă  des survies globale et sans progression raccourcies, et un risque de transformation en lymphome agressif (Richter). J’ai montrĂ© l’implication de la famille des gĂšnes TNFRSF10, rĂ©cepteurs du ligand TRAIL, dans la grande majoritĂ© des patients porteurs de la dĂ©lĂ©tion (91% dans notre cohorte). En utilisant un modĂšle de lignĂ©e cellulaire de LLC (OSU-CLL) que j’ai modifiĂ© par CRISPR/Cas9, j’ai montrĂ© que TNFRSF10A et TNFRSF10B Ă©taient tous deux fonctionnels dans la LLC, et que la voie TRAIL activĂ©e par TNFRSF10B Ă©tait particuliĂšrement impliquĂ© dans la mort cellulaire induite par la fludarabine, un traitement utilisĂ© dans la LLC. De plus, j’ai montrĂ© par des tests d’apoptose induite in vitro que les cellules primaires de LLC del8p perdaient leur capacitĂ© Ă  surexprimer TNFRSF10B aprĂšs exposition Ă  la fludarabine, d’oĂč une rĂ©duction significative de la sensibilitĂ© Ă  TRAIL. Ces donnĂ©es suggĂšrent d’une part une efficacitĂ© diminuĂ©e de la fludarabine chez les patients porteurs d’une del8p, mais Ă©galement une synergie possible entre la fludarabine et les traitements activateurs de la voie TRAIL en cours de dĂ©veloppement qui pourrait ĂȘtre une option thĂ©rapeutique. J’ai Ă©galement participĂ© Ă  un travail ayant permis la caractĂ©risation du profil gĂ©nĂ©tique des leucĂ©mies prolymphocytaires B, une forme rare et agressive de LLC, au sein desquelles nous avons montrĂ© qu’une stratification du risque selon les anomalies des gĂšnes MYC et TP53 permettait de dĂ©finir 3 groupes de pronostic trĂšs diffĂ©rent. Enfin, je me suis intĂ©ressĂ© Ă  l’impact du caryotype complexe et hypercomplexe en tant que facteur pronostique indĂ©pendant. Une revue de la littĂ©rature a confirmĂ© la rĂ©duction des survies globale et sans progression aprĂšs traitement par fludarabine. Les Ă©tudes plus rĂ©centes Ă  propos de l’influence du caryotype complexe sur la survie aprĂšs traitement ciblĂ© (ibrutinib, vĂ©nĂ©toclax
), apparaissent encore contradictoires, et nĂ©cessiteront davantage de recul.Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common leukemia in the West. The prognosis is highly heterogeneous and depends on cytogenetic and molecular abnormalities. Some of these abnormalities involve resistance to CLL treatments, which is crucial to understand for an optimal treatment. My thesis work mainly focused on CLL with 8p deletion (del8p). We have shown that this rare but recurrent chromosomal abnormality was associated with poor prognostic factors (such as complex karyotype, TP53 aberrations, and unmutated IGHV status), short overall and progression-free survival, and Richter transformation. I showed the implication of the TNFRSF10 gene family, receptors for the TRAIL ligand, in the great majority of patients carrying the del8p (91% in our cohort). Using a CLL cell line model (OSU-CLL), which I edited by CISPR/Cas9, I demonstrated that both TNFRSF10A and TNFRSF10B were functional in CLL, and that TRAIL pathway activated by TNFRSF10B was significantly involved in fludarabine-induced cell death – fludarabine being a CLL treatment. Furthermore, I showed by in vitro induced apoptosis assays that primary del8p CLL cells lost their ability to overexpress TNFRSF10B after exposure to fludarabine, resulting in a significant reduction in TRAIL sensitivity. These data suggest a lower efficacy of fludarabine in del8p patients, but also a potential synergy between fludarabine and TRAIL therapies under development, which might benefit non-del8p CLL patients. I also contributed to the characterization of the genetic profile of B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia, a rare but aggressive type of CLL. We showed that a risk stratification according to MYC and TP53 gene abnormalities allowed to define 3 groups with quite distinct prognosis. Finally, I investigated the impact of complex and hypercomplex karyotype as an independent prognostic factor. A review of the literature confirmed the reduction of overall and progression-free survival, especially after fludarabine treatment. Recent studies on the influence of complex karyotype after targeted therapy (ibrutinib, venetoclax...) still appear controversial, and will require further research with longer follow-up

    Activation of Interferon Signaling in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cells Contributes to Apoptosis Resistance via a JAK-Src/STAT3/Mcl-1 Signaling Pathway

    No full text
    International audienceBesides their antiviral and immunomodulatory functions, type I (α/ÎČ) and II (Îł) interferons (IFNs) exhibit either beneficial or detrimental effects on tumor progression. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by the accumulation of abnormal CD5+ B lymphocytes that escape death. Drug resistance and disease relapse still occur in CLL. The triggering of IFN receptors is believed to be involved in the survival of CLL cells, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are not yet characterized. We show here that both type I and II IFNs promote the survival of primary CLL cells by counteracting the mitochondrial (intrinsic) apoptosis pathway. The survival process was associated with the upregulation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) and its target anti-apoptotic Mcl-1. Furthermore, the blockade of the STAT3/Mcl-1 pathway by pharmacological inhibitors against STAT3, TYK2 (for type I IFN) or JAK2 (for type II IFN) markedly reduced IFN-mediated CLL cell survival. Similarly, the selective Src family kinase inhibitor PP2 notably blocked IFN-mediated CLL cell survival by downregulating the protein levels of STAT3 and Mcl-1. Our work reveals a novel mechanism of resistance to apoptosis promoted by IFNs in CLL cells, whereby JAKs (TYK2, JAK2) and Src kinases activate in concert a STAT3/Mcl-1 signaling pathway. In view of current clinical developments of potent STAT3 and Mcl-1 inhibitors, a combination of conventional treatments with these inhibitors might thus constitute a new therapeutic strategy in CLL

    Relation of Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin Overexpression to the Resistance to Apoptosis of Tumor B Cells in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

    No full text
    International audienceThe resistance to apoptosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells partly results from the deregulated production of survival signals from leukemic cells. Despite the development of new therapies in CLL, drug resistance and disease relapse still occur. Recently, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), a secreted glycoprotein, has been suggested to have a critical role in the biology of tumors. Thus, we investigated the relevance of NGAL in CLL pathogenesis, analyzed the expression of its cellular receptor (NGAL-R) on malignant B cells and tested whether CLL cells are resistant to apoptosis through an autocrine process involving NGAL and NGAL-R. We observed that NGAL concentrations were elevated in the serum of CLL patients at diagnosis. After treatment (and regardless of the therapeutic regimen), serum NGAL levels normalized in CLL patients in remission but not in relapsed patients. In parallel, NGAL and NGAL-R were upregulated in leukemic cells from untreated CLL patients when compared to normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and returned to basal levels in PBMCs from patients in remission. Cultured CLL cells released endogenous NGAL. Anti-NGAL-R antibodies enhanced NGAL-R + leukemia cell death. Conversely, recombinant NGAL protected NGAL-R + CLL cells against apoptosis by activating a STAT3/Mcl-1 signaling pathway. Our results suggest that NGAL and NGAL-R, overexpressed in untreated CLL, participate in the deregulation of the apoptotic machinery in CLL cells, and may be potential therapeutic clues for CLL treatment

    Sexual and Emotional Health after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: A Comprehensive Review and Guidelines from the Francophone Society of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (SFGM-TC)

    No full text
    A person’s sexual and emotional life is greatly impacted after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). This topic is not addressed very much by patients and caregivers. Physical, endocrine and genital chronic graft versus host disease (cGVHD)-related disorders are multiple and intertwined with psychological disorders. The Francophone Society of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (SFGM-TC) has issued recommendations for a better gynecological monitoring of female recipients after allo-HCT. A patient booklet was also offered to patients in the form of questions and answers to facilitate discussions between patients and caregivers and to improve the management of sexual and emotional life after transplant

    Genetic characterization of B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia: a prognostic model involving and MYC and TP53

    Full text link
    B-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (B-PLL) is a rare hematological disorder whose underlying oncogenic mechanisms are poorly understood. Our cytogenetic and molecular assessment of 34 patients with B-PLL revealed several disease-specific features and potential therapeutic targets. The karyotype was complex ({greater than or equal to}3 abnormalities) in 73% of the patients and highly complex (5 abnormalities) in 45%. The most frequent chromosomal aberrations were translocations involving [t()] (62%), deletion (del)17p (38%), trisomy (tri)18 (30%), del13q (29%), tri3 (24%), tri12 (24%), and del8p (23%). Twenty-six of the 34 patients (76%) exhibit aberration, resulting from mutually exclusive translocations or gains. Whole-exome sequencing revealed frequent mutations in , , , , , , , , and The majority of B-PLL used the or subgroups (89%), and displayed significantly mutated genes (79%). We identified three distinct cytogenetic risk groups: low-risk (no aberration), intermediate-risk ( aberration but no del17p), and high-risk ( aberration and del17p) (p=.0006). drug response profiling revealed that the combination of a B-cell receptor or BCL2 inhibitor with OTX015 (a bromodomain and extra-terminal motif (BET) inhibitor targeting ) was associated with significantly lower viability of B-PLL cells harboring a t(). We conclude that cytogenetic analysis is a useful diagnostic and prognostic tool in B-PLL. Targeting may be a useful treatment option in this disease
    corecore