Antoniny Smiszkowej Czechy dla „ludu polskiego”

The article focuses on the journalistic activity of Antonina Smiszkowa (1858 - 1934), a Polish-Czech writer, educator, educational activist of the second half of the 19th century, who propagated the knowledge of geography, history, culture and social issues of the Czech Republic, Moravia and Slovakia. The article discusses Smiszkowa’s Jak żyją w Czechach. Zwyczaje i powiastki czeskie (1889), a booklet addressed to the Polish people in which she promoted models of modern farming and introduced Polish peasants to the organization of education, culture and folklore of the Czech countryside. With her subsequent publications on the Czech Republic, O Czechach, ich kraju i życiu (1895) and Czechy i naród czeski (1904), which presented a much richer folkloristic and social material, she became involved in the Czech national revival movement, emphasizing the important the role of the Czech woman in it.Przedmiotem artykułu jest działalność publicystyczna Antoniny Smiszkowej (1858 – 1934), znanej w II połowie XIX wieku polsko-czeskiej pisarce, pedagożce, działaczce oświatowej, popularyzującej wiedzę z zakresu geografii, historii, kultury i zagadnień społecznych Czech, Moraw i Słowacji. W studium omówiono Jak żyją w Czechach. Zwyczaje i powiastki czeskie (1889), książeczkę adresowaną do ludu polskiego, w której propagowała wzorce nowoczesnej gospodarki rolnej oraz zapoznawała polskich chłopów z organizacją oświaty, z kulturą i folklorem czeskiej wsi. Kolejnymi publikacjami O Czechach, ich kraju i życiu (1895), Czechy i naród czeski (1904) prezentującymi znacznie bogatszy materiał folklorystyczny i społeczny, angażowała się w ruch czeskiego odrodzenia narodowego, akcentując w nim istotną rolę czeskiej kobiety

Comprehensive phenomic and genomic studies of the species, Pectobacterium cacticida and proposal for reclassification as Alcorniella cacticida comb. nov

IntroductionPectobacterium cacticida was identified as the causative agent of soft rot disease in cacti. Due to a high potential of spread in the face of global warming, the species poses a significant threat to horticultural and crop industry. The aim of this study was to revise the genomic, physiology and virulence characteristics of P. cacticida and update its phylogenetic position within the Pectobacterium genus.MethodsWhole genome sequences of five P. cacticida strains were obtained and subjected to comprehensive genomic and phylogenomic data analyses. We assessed the presence of virulence determinants and genes associated with host and environmental adaptation. Lipidomic analysis, as well as biochemical and phenotypic assays were performed to correlate genomic findings.ResultsPhylogenomic analysis revealed that P. cacticida forms a distinct lineage within the Pectobacterium genus. Genomic evaluation uncovered 516 unique proteins, most of which were involved in cellular metabolism. They included genes of carbohydrate metabolism and transport and ABC transporters. The main differing characteristics from other Pectobacterium species were the lack of a myo-inositol degradation pathway and the presence of the malonate decarboxylase gene. All tested strains were pathogenic towards Opuntia spp., chicory, Chinese cabbage, and potato, but exhibited only mild pathogenicity towards carrot.DiscussionThis study sheds light into the genomic characteristics of P. cacticida and highlights the pathogenic potential of the species. Unique genes found in P. cacticida genomes possibly enhance the species’ survival and virulence. Based on phylogenomic analyses, we propose the reclassification of P. cacticida to a new genus, Alcorniella comb. nov

„Gdy ja tu pełzam, słaby i ponury...” — Cyprian Norwid w "Domu św. Kazimierza" Ignacego Gogolewskiego

“AND WHILE I’M CRAWLING, WEAK AND DREARY...” CYPRIAN NORWID IN ST CASIMIR’S HOME BY IGNACY GOGOLEWSKIThe subject of this study is the film Dom św. Kazimierza [St Casimir’s Home] 1983 directed by Ignacy Gogolewski who also plays the role of the protagonist. The movie is contrasted with biographical facts concerning the poet’s final years 1877–1883 spent in an almshouse in Ivry-Sur-Seine just outside Paris.Scarce in means of artistic expression, the picture focuses on Norwid’s place of residence. It shows the drama of the forlorn poet and his relationships with compatriots — the conflicted, embittered veterans of national uprisings and ex-soldiers who, like himself, are doomed to vegetate in the foreign land. In spite of that, he tries to find a way to overcome this situation in his creative work, in interactions with his friends, and in carriage “escapes” to Paris.Translated by Magdalena Jonca“AND WHILE I’M CRAWLING, WEAK AND DREARY...” CYPRIAN NORWID IN ST CASIMIR’S HOME BY IGNACY GOGOLEWSKIThe subject of this study is the film Dom św. Kazimierza [St Casimir’s Home] 1983 directed by Ignacy Gogolewski who also plays the role of the protagonist. The movie is contrasted with biographical facts concerning the poet’s final years 1877–1883 spent in an almshouse in Ivry-Sur-Seine just outside Paris.Scarce in means of artistic expression, the picture focuses on Norwid’s place of residence. It shows the drama of the forlorn poet and his relationships with compatriots — the conflicted, embittered veterans of national uprisings and ex-soldiers who, like himself, are doomed to vegetate in the foreign land. In spite of that, he tries to find a way to overcome this situation in his creative work, in interactions with his friends, and in carriage “escapes” to Paris.Translated by Magdalena Jonc

Słowacki egipski

The Egyptian SłowackiThe title of the article refers to a publication entitled Słowacki współczesny [Modern Słowacki] by various authors published by the Literary Studies Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 1999 which included such papers as Słowacki orientalny [The Oriental Słowacki], Słowacki ukraiński [The Ukrainian Słowacki], Słowacki hiszpański [The Spanish Słowacki] etc. It seems that the issue raised in the title of this article but omitted from the above mentioned book requires a separate treatment. So far the Egyptian episode in the poet’s journey to the East, though noticed, has not been properly acknowledged both in Słowacki’s biography and in his literary oeuvre. An analysis and interpretation of selected “Egyptian” works, especially a cycle of poetic letters Do Teofila Januszewskiego [To Teofil Januszewski], List do Aleksandra Hołyńskiego [A Letter to Aleksander Hołyński], Piramidy [The Pyramids], Na szczycie piramid [On the Top of the Pyramids] show that Słowacki’s vision of Egypt, though not satisfactory from the point of view of an orientalist or an Egyptologist, is nevertheless truly original, distinct when compared to the conventional Romantic orientalism or the legacy of Polish orientalism. Słowacki did not only point to a temporary “touristic” respect and admiration for Egypt’s cultural heritage, but also tried to find in Egypt universal values, looking in it for cultural sources of the idea of immortality. After all, his infatuation with Egypt did not hide contemporary, real problems, a fact confirmed by various journalistic interpolations in his literary works, concerning, for instance, the issue that outraged Słowacki, i.e. the plundering of Egypt and stealing from it various historical and archaeological treasures which would later impress the “bewildered pack” in London.The Egyptian SłowackiThe title of the article refers to a publication entitled Słowacki współczesny [Modern Słowacki] by various authors published by the Literary Studies Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 1999 which included such papers as Słowacki orientalny [The Oriental Słowacki], Słowacki ukraiński [The Ukrainian Słowacki], Słowacki hiszpański [The Spanish Słowacki] etc. It seems that the issue raised in the title of this article but omitted from the above mentioned book requires a separate treatment. So far the Egyptian episode in the poet’s journey to the East, though noticed, has not been properly acknowledged both in Słowacki’s biography and in his literary oeuvre. An analysis and interpretation of selected “Egyptian” works, especially a cycle of poetic letters Do Teofila Januszewskiego [To Teofil Januszewski], List do Aleksandra Hołyńskiego [A Letter to Aleksander Hołyński], Piramidy [The Pyramids], Na szczycie piramid [On the Top of the Pyramids] show that Słowacki’s vision of Egypt, though not satisfactory from the point of view of an orientalist or an Egyptologist, is nevertheless truly original, distinct when compared to the conventional Romantic orientalism or the legacy of Polish orientalism. Słowacki did not only point to a temporary “touristic” respect and admiration for Egypt’s cultural heritage, but also tried to find in Egypt universal values, looking in it for cultural sources of the idea of immortality. After all, his infatuation with Egypt did not hide contemporary, real problems, a fact confirmed by various journalistic interpolations in his literary works, concerning, for instance, the issue that outraged Słowacki, i.e. the plundering of Egypt and stealing from it various historical and archaeological treasures which would later impress the “bewildered pack” in London

Karpaty fin de siècle. Ze wspomnień Bogusława Longchamps de Berier

Fin de siècle Carpathians. Bogusław Longchamps de Berier’s memoirsBogusław Longchamps de Berier 1884–1947, a well-known Lviv lawyer father of Franciszek, an eminent professor of administrative law at the University of Wrocław, associated with the University from 1946, was the author of a volume of memoirs from 1884–1918, which his publisher gave the title of Ochrzczony na szablach powstańczych… [Baptised with Insurgents’ Swords…]. In writing them, he not only reconstructed his family history, which was part of the patriotic, independence-driven history of the Polish intelligentsia in the 19th and at the turn of the 20th century in Galicia, but also set it against the background of the political situation, ethnic relations as well as social, economic and industrial transformations in the region. A special place — though fairly modest given the book size — is occupied by the Eastern Carpathians, where the Kolomyia-born author spent his childhood and part of his youth in Rypne, Drohobych and Lavochno. In Rypne, “on the northern leaps of the Carpathians,” the author’s father owned a kerosene mine. As a small boy, the author would spent days by the mine shafts, fascinated as he was with the mining process. In the reminiscences, the industrial landscape of the Boryslav-Drohobych region, an important element of the “pioneer-borderland” existence, matches the author’s lyrical, romantic perception of the mountains; it harmonises with the painting-like quality, characteristic of the turn of the 20th century poetics, but also with a botanical precision, realistic topographic, ethnographic and sociological observations. De Berier got to know the mountains through his often lonely, truly pioneering hikes bearing in mind the fact that Carpathian tourism did not develop until the inter-war period: from Drohobych through Hubyche, Boryslav and Dzial to Urych and Sokoliki, from which his mother came; a nearly 100-km trek along the Carpathian ridges through Gorgany Wyszkowskie to Podlute; to Berzavy in Hungary — combined with an ascent of Stoh, with a night spent at Wielki Wierch […], to the foot of Volovec and Pikuj-Husla… In Bogusław Longchamps de Berier’s account, the Carpathians in the late 19th and early 20th century were an area as fascinating as it was wild and untamed in its “industrial” dimension; on the other hand, these are “landscape,” picturesque mountains, though presented without excessive affectation “ritualised” by the modernist manner.Fin de siècle Carpathians. Bogusław Longchamps de Berier’s memoirsBogusław Longchamps de Berier 1884–1947, a well-known Lviv lawyer father of Franciszek, an eminent professor of administrative law at the University of Wrocław, associated with the University from 1946, was the author of a volume of memoirs from 1884–1918, which his publisher gave the title of Ochrzczony na szablach powstańczych… [Baptised with Insurgents’ Swords…]. In writing them, he not only reconstructed his family history, which was part of the patriotic, independence-driven history of the Polish intelligentsia in the 19th and at the turn of the 20th century in Galicia, but also set it against the background of the political situation, ethnic relations as well as social, economic and industrial transformations in the region. A special place — though fairly modest given the book size — is occupied by the Eastern Carpathians, where the Kolomyia-born author spent his childhood and part of his youth in Rypne, Drohobych and Lavochno. In Rypne, “on the northern leaps of the Carpathians,” the author’s father owned a kerosene mine. As a small boy, the author would spent days by the mine shafts, fascinated as he was with the mining process. In the reminiscences, the industrial landscape of the Boryslav-Drohobych region, an important element of the “pioneer-borderland” existence, matches the author’s lyrical, romantic perception of the mountains; it harmonises with the painting-like quality, characteristic of the turn of the 20th century poetics, but also with a botanical precision, realistic topographic, ethnographic and sociological observations. De Berier got to know the mountains through his often lonely, truly pioneering hikes bearing in mind the fact that Carpathian tourism did not develop until the inter-war period: from Drohobych through Hubyche, Boryslav and Dzial to Urych and Sokoliki, from which his mother came; a nearly 100-km trek along the Carpathian ridges through Gorgany Wyszkowskie to Podlute; to Berzavy in Hungary — combined with an ascent of Stoh, with a night spent at Wielki Wierch […], to the foot of Volovec and Pikuj-Husla… In Bogusław Longchamps de Berier’s account, the Carpathians in the late 19th and early 20th century were an area as fascinating as it was wild and untamed in its “industrial” dimension; on the other hand, these are “landscape,” picturesque mountains, though presented without excessive affectation “ritualised” by the modernist manner

„brzytwą wycięta z białego papieru”. Kontur Etny. Skrawki podróżne i turystyczne

“Cut out with a razor from white paper.” An outline of Mount Etna. Scraps of journeys and tourist tripsThe article examines the image of Mount Etna, the Sicilian volcano, in selected accounts of travellers and tourists. It provides an analysis of the way this image was created in a “conquering” manner, characteristic particularly of 1 description highlighting the landscape-related, aesthetic aspect. The author of the article examines 9th-century authors but not shying away from emotional accounts by Chatea ubriand and J.W. Goethe, A.E. Odyniec’s account of Mickiewicz’s stay in Sicily revealed in his correspondence, descriptions by F.S. Dmochowski, M. Wiszniewski and S. Bełza as well as Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz’s entries in his diaries.“Cut out with a razor from white paper.” An outline of Mount Etna. Scraps of journeys and tourist tripsThe article examines the image of Mount Etna, the Sicilian volcano, in selected accounts of travellers and tourists. It provides an analysis of the way this image was created in a “conquering” manner, characteristic particularly of 1 description highlighting the landscape-related, aesthetic aspect. The author of the article examines 9th-century authors but not shying away from emotional accounts by Chatea ubriand and J.W. Goethe, A.E. Odyniec’s account of Mickiewicz’s stay in Sicily revealed in his correspondence, descriptions by F.S. Dmochowski, M. Wiszniewski and S. Bełza as well as Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz’s entries in his diaries

Juliusza Słowackiego dwa wiersze „kwarantannowe”

The article concerns two poems by Juliusz Słowacki, written during two quarantine periods during his trip to the Middle East and the Holy Land. Although underestimated and overlooked by researchers, they are worthy of academic attention not only because of their preoccupation with conditions of travel and isolation which inform their background, but also because they precede other poetic letters from this journey, written long after its completion. As such, they retain the value of “live recorings”, written under the influence of current sensations and impressions. The first of them — Do Zenona Brzozowskiego — dedicated to a travel mate he journeyed with during his New Year’s expedition through the desert of El-Arish, stylized as an occasional congratulatory poem. The poem, which contains an expressive memento mori, alludes to a mysterious, life-threatening event. The second of the letters, Z listu do księgarza (written in July of 1837 during the final quar-antine while shipbound to the Italian port of Livorno), was addressed to Eustachy Januszkiewicz. Not only is it a kaleidoscopic summary of the journey (on which especially the stay in Egipt left an indelible mark), but also a demonstrative announcement of the return — including declarations of increased activity and competition in the literary field.The article concerns two poems by Juliusz Słowacki, written during two quarantine periods during his trip to the Middle East and the Holy Land. Although underestimated and overlooked by researchers, they are worthy of academic attention not only because of their preoccupation with conditions of travel and isolation which inform their background, but also because they precede other poetic letters from this journey, written long after its completion. As such, they retain the value of “live recorings”, written under the influence of current sensations and impressions. The first of them — Do Zenona Brzozowskiego — dedicated to a travel mate he journeyed with during his New Year’s expedition through the desert of El-Arish, stylized as an occasional congratulatory poem. The poem, which contains an expressive memento mori, alludes to a mysterious, life-threatening event. The second of the letters, Z listu do księgarza (written in July of 1837 during the final quar-antine while shipbound to the Italian port of Livorno), was addressed to Eustachy Januszkiewicz. Not only is it a kaleidoscopic summary of the journey (on which especially the stay in Egipt left an indelible mark), but also a demonstrative announcement of the return — including declarations of increased activity and competition in the literary field

Little Big Fun with Good Manners: Selected Examples of Contemporary Etiquette Guides for Children

The subject of this article is modern guides for good manners for children, considered in the context of the idea of “great fun” of prof. Jerzy Cieślikowski. This is an attempt to answer a question, wheter these publications, aimed mainly at the implementation of the child-care section, also feature a plaything element? By oscillating between postpedagogy and new didacticism, they satisfy the aesthetic needs of small audiences