Forest economics and the need for conservation: the nigerian challenge

Forests impact on human lives in many ways. They serve as safe places of solitude for animals and habitat for biological diversities. Forests support recreational activities and provide important natural resource for generations of people. Many rural populations including millions of impoverished people throughout the world are dependent on forests for their way of life. In other words, forests and their resources are important sources of food, shelter and livelihood. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3597

Industrial ecology: a panacea for environmental degradation

Resource demand and environmental degradation have reached unsustainable levels. A sustainable future requires industrial systems’ attention and improvement. Industrial ecology springs from interests to integrate the notions of sustainability into environmental and economic systems (Allenby 1992). The fact is that the economy operates as an open system, drawing raw materials from the environment and returning vast amounts of unused by-products in the form of pollution and waste. The products that firms market are only a small portion of what their processes turn out; a significant portion of their output eventually leaves the economy as waste and returns to the environment in forms that may stress it unacceptably. (Ehrenfeld & Gertler, 1997). Increased economic output will still cause increased environmental harm. Thus, accomplishing economic growth and environmental protection simultaneously requires fundamentally new ways of examining and designing socioeconomic systems. One way to achieve this is through industrial ecology When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3107

Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

Background Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P < 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)