Analisis Implementasi Pendidikan Moral Pancasila Sebagai Upaya Pencegahan Bullying di Sekolah

Bullying among students has recently increased, particularly in primary and secondary schools. This shows a poor understanding of Pancasila. Therefore, further research and analysis is required to determine what measures should be taken if implemented in the future. Our analysis is descriptive and analytical in nature. The purpose of this study is to understand and explore the meaning, impact, prevalence, and ways to overcome bullying through a literature-based approach and theory of the consequences, prevalence, and elimination of bullying. The researcher suspects that teachers are reacting to the phenomenon of moral harassment in schools. This study also examines what to do in the event of violenc

The Crumbling Backbone of the Savannah Woman: Adjusting to the Declining Shea and Locust Tree Densities in Northern Ghana

Rural women in Northern Ghana depend largely on indigenous forest resources, particularly Shea and locust bean trees as a major source of livelihood support. The fruits of these trees, are so essential to rural livelihoods that their collection and processing, are subjects of intense competition among rural women. Recent studies, however suggest a significant degradation of agroforestry parklands, and the population densities of Shea and locust bean trees. Using a case study approach, and employing participatory tools such as focus group discussions, interviews and structured observations, the study sought to unpack the experiences of rural women on the decline in these tree species, and examine how this new reality affects their major livelihood assets. The study found that, the decline in Shea and locust bean trees, affects the social, human and economic capital of rural women. Exploitation of other environmental resources, the use of improved Shea processing methods, and vegetable farming, were identified as major adaptation strategies among rural women. The study also found evidence of deep-seated historical and socio-economic factors militating against the successful adaptation of rural women. Consequently, the study highlighted the need for micro credit accessibility programmes, and gendered land tenure arrangements to support rural women in Agriculture. Keywords: Agroforestry parklands, Shea trees, Locust trees, Livelihoods, Rural women, Response mechanisms. DOI: 10.7176/JCSD/54-05 Publication date: December 31st 201

Peste des petits ruminants in wild ungulates

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a contagious viral disease of domestic small ruminants. It also affects wild ungulates but there are comparatively few studies of the incidence of natural infection, clinical signs and pathology, and confirmation of the virus, and in these species. In this article, we list the wild ungulates in which PPRV infection has been confirmed and summarize available information about the presentation of the disease, its identification, and impact of virus on wildlife populations. Considering recent reports of outbreaks by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), it is important to understand the transmission of this disease within wildlife populations in PPR endemic regions

External Validation of Three Prognostic Scores for Brain Metastasis Velocity in Patients Treated with Intracranial Stereotactic Radiotherapy

BACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTION Brain metastasis velocity (BMV) has been proposed as a prognostic factor for overall survival (OS) in patients with brain metastases (BMs). In this study, we conducted an external validation and comparative assessment of the performance of all three BMV scores. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients treated with intracranial stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) for BM at a single center between 2014 and 2018 were identified. Where possible, all three BMV scores were calculated. Log-rank tests and linear, logistic and Cox regression analysis were used for validation and predictor identification of OS. RESULTS For 333 of 384 brain metastasis patients, at least one BMV score could be calculated. In a sub-group of 187 patients, "classic" BMV was validated as categorical (p<0.0001) and continuous variable (HR 1.02; 95% CI 1.02-1.03; p<0.0001). In a sub-group of 284 patients, "initial" BMV was validated as categorical variable (high-risk vs. low-risk; p<0.01), but not as continuous variable (HR 1.02; 95% CI 0.99-1.04; p=0.224). "Volume-based" BMV could not be validated in a sub-group of 104 patients. On multivariable Cox regression analysis, iBMV (HR 1.85; 95% CI 1.01-3.38; p<0.05) and cBMV (HR 2.32; 95% CI 1.15 4.68; p<0.05) were predictors for OS for intermediate-risk patients after first SRT and first DBFs, respectively. cBMV proved to be the dominant predictor for OS for high-risk patients (HR 2.99; 95% CI 1.30-6.91; p<0.05). CONCLUSION This study externally validated cBMV and iBMV as prognostic scores for OS in patients treated with SRT for BMs whereas validation of vBMV was not achieved

Spontaneous Enhancement of the Stable Power Conversion Efficiency in Perovskite Solar Cells

The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of lead-halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is reported to increase over a period of days after their fabrication while they are stored in dark. Thus far, effects underlying this spontaneous enhancement are not understood. This work investigates the phenomenon for a variety of multi-cation-halide PSCs with different perovskite compositions and architectures. The observations reveal that spontaneous enhancement is not restricted to specific charge- transport layers or perovskite compositions. The highest PCE observed in this study is the enhanced stable PCE of 19% (increased by 4% absolute). An increased open-circuit voltage is the primary contributor to the improved efficiency. Using time-resolved photoluminescence measurements, initially-present low-energy states are identified that disappear over a storage period of a few days. Furthermore, trap states probed by thermally stimulated current technique exist in pristine PSCs and strikingly decrease for stored devices. In addition, ideality factor approaches unity and X-ray diffraction analyses show a lattice strain relaxation over the same period of time. These observations indicate that spontaneous enhancement of the PSCs is based on a reduction in trap-assisted non-radiative recombination possibly due to strain relaxation. Considering the demonstrated generality of spontaneous enhancement for different compositions of multi-cation-halide PSCs, our results highlight the importance of determining absolute PCE increase initiated by spontaneous enhancement for developing high-efficiency PSCs

Optimization of SnO2_{2} electron transport layer for efficient planar perovskite solar cells with very low hysteresis†

Nanostructured tin oxide (SnO$_{2}$) is a very promising electron transport layer (ETL) for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) that allows low-temperature processing in the planar n–i–p architecture. However, minimizing current–voltage (J–V) hysteresis and optimizing charge extraction for PSCs in this architecture remains a challenge. In response to this, we study and optimize different types of single- and bilayer SnO$_{2}$ ETLs. Detailed characterization of the optoelectronic properties reveals that a bilayer ETL composed of lithium (Li)-doped compact SnO$_{2}$ (c(Li)-SnO$_{2}$) at the bottom and potassium-capped SnO$_{2}$ nanoparticle layers (NP-SnO$_{2}$) at the top enhances the electron extraction and charge transport properties of PSCs and reduces the degree of ion migration. This results in an improved PCE and a strongly reduced J–V hysteresis for PSCs with a bilayer c(Li)-NP-SnO$_{2}$ ETL as compared to reference PSCs with a single-layer or undoped bilayer ETL. The champion PSC with c(Li)-NP-SnO$_{2}$ ETL shows a high stabilized PCE of up to 18.5% compared to 15.7%, 12.5% and 16.3% for PSCs with c-SnO$_{2}$, c(Li)-SnO$_{2}$ and c-NP-SnO$_{2}$ as ETL, respectively

The Clinicogenomic Landscape of Induction Failure in Childhood and Young Adult T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

PURPOSE: Failure to respond to induction chemotherapy portends a poor outcome in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and is more frequent in T-cell ALL (T-ALL) than B-cell ALL. We aimed to address the limited understanding of clinical and genetic factors that influence outcome in a cohort of patients with T-ALL induction failure (IF).METHODS: We studied all cases of T-ALL IF on two consecutive multinational randomized trials, UKALL2003 and UKALL2011, to define risk factors, treatment, and outcomes. We performed multiomic profiling to characterize the genomic landscape.RESULTS: IF occurred in 10.3% of cases and was significantly associated with increasing age, occurring in 20% of patients age 16 years and older. Five-year overall survival (OS) rates were 52.1% in IF and 90.2% in responsive patients (P &lt; .001). Despite increased use of nelarabine-based chemotherapy consolidated by hematopoietic stem-cell transplant in UKALL2011, there was no improvement in outcome. Persistent end-of-consolidation molecular residual disease resulted in a significantly worse outcome (5-year OS, 14.3% v 68.5%; HR, 4.10; 95% CI, 1.35 to 12.45; P = .0071). Genomic profiling revealed a heterogeneous picture with 25 different initiating lesions converging on 10 subtype-defining genes. There was a remarkable abundance of TAL1 noncoding lesions, associated with a dismal outcome (5-year OS, 12.5%). Combining TAL1 lesions with mutations in the MYC and RAS pathways produces a genetic stratifier that identifies patients highly likely to fail conventional therapy (5-year OS, 23.1% v 86.4%; HR, 6.84; 95% CI, 2.78 to 16.78; P &lt; .0001) and who should therefore be considered for experimental agents.CONCLUSION: The outcome of IF in T-ALL remains poor with current therapy. The lack of a unifying genetic driver suggests alternative approaches, particularly using immunotherapy, are urgently needed.</p