Cuidados farmacêuticos ao paciente com Hanseníase: uma revisão integrativa de literatura: Pharmaceutical care for Leprosy patients: an integrative literature review

A hanseníase é caracterizada como uma doença de pele infectocontagiosa, causada pelo bacilo Mycobacterium leprae. O Brasil é o segundo pais com maior incidência de casos desta doença, o que demonstra a necessidade de um acompanhamento diferenciado e multiprofissional em pacientes acometidos pela Hanseníase e entre os profissionais habilitados para este cuidado está o profissional farmacêutico. Visando prospectar e pontuar técnicas em atenção farmacêutica nos cuidados de pacientes hansênicos, realizou-se uma revisão integrativa e descritiva da literatura acerca dos cuidados farmacêuticos ao paciente com Hanseníase considerando trabalhos publicados entre 2012 e 2022. Após a implementação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foram selecionadas 22 publicações, onde foram extraídas as informações. Todos os artigos relataram diversas formas de cuidados farmacêuticos realizados no Brasil, e como destaque o acompanhamento farmacoterapêutico (86,3%, N=19), em seguida, a educação em saúde (63,6%, N=14). Com base nos resultados, observa-se que o acompanhamento farmacoterapêutico foi o cuidado farmacêutico mais presente dentre os artigos selecionados. Esta revisão fortalece a importância da atenção farmacêutica e a uma maior inserção deste profissional na saúde pública por tratar-se de um profissional habilitado, com conhecimentos e habilidades na dispensação dos cuidados ao paciente com Hanseníase

Perfil epidemiológico e clínico da Hanseníase no estado do Maranhão no período de 2008 a 2017/ Epidemiologic profile and Leprosy clinic in the state of the Maranhão in the period from 2008 to 2017

INTRODUÇÃO: A Hanseníase é uma doença infecto-contagiosa de evolução crônica e curável, causada pelo Mycobacterium leprae, o qual possui alto poder infectante e baixo poder patogênico. Atualmente, o Brasil é o segundo país no mundo em números absoluto de casos de hanseníase. OBJETIVO: Em virtude da alta prevalência no país, o objetivo do estudo foi analisar o perfil clínico-epidemiológico de pacientes portadores de hanseníase no estado do Maranhão no período de 2008 a 2017. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico transversal, quantitativo, descritivo, tendo como base de estudo as notificações dos casos de hanseníase, no estado do Maranhão, no período de 2008 a 2017, na qual foram utilizados dados secundários do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) do Ministério da Saúde (MS). RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO: No período de 2008 a 2017 foram notificados 36.264 casos de hanseníase no estado do Maranhão, com predomínio no sexo masculino (56.82%), na faixa etária de 30 a 39 anos (17.2%). Maior ocorrência de casos multibacilares, identificada em (68.6%) referente à classe operacional diagnóstica e (69.23%) referente à classe operacional atual. Sendo a forma clínica dimorfa a mais frequente (46.69%). No que se refere ao grau de incapacidade física no diagnóstico, a maior parte dos pacientes apresentou grau 0 de incapacidade (61.94% referente a avaliação diagnóstica e 78.89% a avaliação cura). Nas lesões cutâneas, a maior parte dos pacientes apresentaram 2 a 5 lesões (33.84%). Quanto aos nervos afetados predominou zero (94.60%). CONCLUSÃO: A hanseníase é tida como um problema de saúde pública, pois se não diagnosticada e tratada precocemente, pode levar a comprometimentos físicos (deformidades e incapacidades) e sociais, originados do medo, preconceito e estigma envolvendo o desconhecimento acerca do contágio, prevenção, sinais e tratamento desta doença. Considerando a relevância epidemiológica da prevalência de hanseníase é recomendável que se intensifiquem ações de acompanhamento, promovendo práticas educativas na área da saúde sobre aspectos etiológicos da doença, para esclarecimento e conscientização mais ampla

Prevalence of leptospirosis in bovine females slaughtered in slaughterhouse in the municipality of São Luís, MA

ABSTRACT. Coelho É.L.M., Chaves N.P., SÁ J.C. de, Melo S. de A.& Silva A.L.A. [Prevalence of leptospirosis in bovine females slaughtered in slaughterhouse in the municipality of São Luís, MA.] Prevalência de leptospirose em fêmeas bovinas abatidas em frigoríficos no município de São Luís, MA. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Veterinária, 36(2):111-115, 2014. Departamento de Patologia, Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, Cidade Universitária Paulo VI, Cx. Postal 9, Tirirical, São Luís, MA 65055-970, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected] The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of leptospirosis in bovine females slaughtered in slaughterhouse in the city of São Luís, MA. Sera samples from 100 cows not been vaccinated against leptospirosis were analyzed using the microscopic agglutination test (SAM). The study was conducted in 03 stores under the Municipal Inspection. Blood samples were collected from females without clinical signs of leptospirosis over the age of 24 months. Among 100 serum samples analyzed for 64% (n = 64) were positive with titres equal to or greater than 1:200, and 36% (n = 36) negative for all serovars tested. Of the 24 strains was tested the most frequent in descending order were: hadjo, grippotyphosaand wolffi. The prevalence of leptospirosis in cows slaughtered in abattoirs in São Luís, MA was high. These findings indicate the need to carry out systematic diagnosis and monitoring of herds, besides the implementation of control measures and prophylaxis, as the gradual removal of infected animals, performing quarantine to the entry of new properties in animals, serological tests, vaccinations and implementation of good hygiene practices in slaughterhouses

DETECÇÃO MOLECULAR DE Babesia canis vogeli EM CÃES E EM Rhipicephalus sanguineus NA MESORREGIÃO DO OESTE MARANHENSE, NORDESTE BRASILEIRO

The objective of this study was to determine the occurrence of Babesia canis vogeli in dogs and in the tick vector from urban and rural environment of the microregion of Imperatriz, middle-west of Maranhão, evaluating risk factors associated with infection by this agent. Samples were collected from blood and tick specimens from 300 dogs from urban and rural areas of the microregion of Imperatriz. DNA was extracted from blood samples and ticks, and tested by polymerase chain reaction assays using subspecies-specific initiating oligonucleotides for B. c. vogeli. PCR from the blood revealed that 3.33% (10/300) of dogs were positive for B. c. vogeli, and that 1.0% (3/300) came from urban and 2.33% (7/300) from rural area. No association was verified in relation to the environment, race group, sex and tick control; however young animals were more frequently positive to the infection. Ticks collected were identified as Rhipicephalus sanguineus, and six (2.56%) were positive for B. c. vogeli, of which 1.28% (3/235) were collected in the urban area and 1.28% (3/235) from dogs in rural areas. This study confirmed the presence of B. c. vogeli in dogs and in R. sanguineus in urban and rural microregion of Imperatriz-MA

Legislative Documents

Also, variously referred to as: House bills; House documents; House legislative documents; legislative documents; General Court documents

Molecular and serological detection of Theileria equi, Babesia caballi and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in horses and ticks in Maranhão, Brazil

Submitted by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2018-06-26T11:42:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ritamaria_nogueira_etal_IOC_2017.pdf: 1058551 bytes, checksum: a41daf0661a4b0e7f42d597850a716ca (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2018-06-26T11:53:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ritamaria_nogueira_etal_IOC_2017.pdf: 1058551 bytes, checksum: a41daf0661a4b0e7f42d597850a716ca (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-26T11:53:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ritamaria_nogueira_etal_IOC_2017.pdf: 1058551 bytes, checksum: a41daf0661a4b0e7f42d597850a716ca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017Universidade Estadual do Maranhão. Departamento de Patologia. São Luis, MA, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Referência Nacional em Vetores das Riquetsioses. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Saúde. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilFundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Referência Nacional em Vetores das Riquetsioses. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil / Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Comportamento e Biologia Animal. Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil.Universidade Estadual do Maranhão. Departamento de Patologia. São Luis, MA, Brasil.Universidade Estadual do Maranhão. Departamento de Patologia. São Luis, MA, Brasil.Universidade Estadual do Maranhão. Departamento de Patologia. São Luis, MA, Brasil.Universidade Estadual do Maranhão. Departamento de Patologia. São Luis, MA, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Laboratório de Referência Nacional em Vetores das Riquetsioses. Rio de Janeiro, RJ. Brasil / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade e Saúde. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, BrasilEquine piroplasmosis is a tick-borne disease caused by the intraeytrhocytic protozoans Babesia caballi and Theileria equi. It has been reported as a main equine parasitic disease. In addition, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, the causative agent of granulocytic ehrlichiosis, causes a seasonal disease in horses. Both diseases, can be detrimental to animal health. In this sense, blood samples and ticks were collected from 97 horses raised in the microregion of Baixada Maranhense, Maranhão State, Brazil. Serum samples were subjected to Indirect Fluorescence Antibody Test (IFAT) and blood samples and ticks to Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) to evaluate the infection by Theileria equi, Babesia caballi and Anaplasma phagocytophilum. The overall seroprevalence was 38.14%, 18.55% and 11.34% for T. equi, B. caballi and A. phagocytophilum, respectively. The results of PCR from blood samples showed 13.40% and 3.09% positive samples to T. equi and B. caballi, respectively. A total of 170 tick specimens were collected and identified as Dermacentor nitens, Amblyomma cajennense sensu lato and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. It was detected 2.35% (4/170) and 0.59% (1/170) positive tick samples by PCR for T. equi and B. caballi, respectively. All samples were negative to A. phagocytophilum. No statically difference (p>0.05) was observed when gender, age, use of ectoparasiticide and tick presence were analyzed. A BLASTn analysis of the sequenced samples indicated 97 to 100% similarity with T. equi 18S rRNA gene sequences in GenBank and 98 to 100% with B. caballi. Genetic analysis classified the obtained sequences as T. equi and B. caballi cluster, respectively. It can be concluded that these pathogens occur and are circulating in the studied area

Main lesions in the central nervous system of dogs due to Leishmania infantum infection

Abstract Background Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) is endemic in São Luís Maranhão/Brazil and it leads a varied clinical picture, including neurological signs. Results Histopathological evaluation showed that 14 dogs exhibited pathological alterations in at least one of the analyzed areas. Of these, mononuclear inflammatory reaction was the most frequent, although other lesions, such as hemorrhage, chromatolysis and gliosis were also observed. The presence of L. infantum amastigotes was confirmed in eight dogs, identified in four regions: telencephalon, hippocampus, thalamus and caudal colliculus, but only one presented neurological signs. Polymerase chain reaction results detected the DNA of the parasite in 11 samples from seven dogs. The positive areas were the telencephalon, thalamus, hippocampus, cerebellum, caudal and rostral colliculus. Conclusion These results reveal that during canine visceral leishmaniasis, the central nervous system may display some alterations, without necessarily exhibiting clinical neurological manifestations. In addition, the L. infantum parasite has the ability to cross the blood brain barrier and penetrate the central nervous system

Molecular and serological detection of Theileria equi, Babesia caballi and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in horses and ticks in Maranhão, Brazil

ABSTRACT: Equine piroplasmosis is a tick-borne disease caused by the intraeytrhocytic protozoans Babesia caballi and Theileria equi. It has been reported as a main equine parasitic disease. In addition, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, the causative agent of granulocytic ehrlichiosis, causes a seasonal disease in horses. Both diseases, can be detrimental to animal health. In this sense, blood samples and ticks were collected from 97 horses raised in the microregion of Baixada Maranhense, Maranhão State, Brazil. Serum samples were subjected to Indirect Fluorescence Antibody Test (IFAT) and blood samples and ticks to Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) to evaluate the infection by Theileria equi, Babesia caballi and Anaplasma phagocytophilum. The overall seroprevalence was 38.14%, 18.55% and 11.34% for T. equi, B. caballi and A. phagocytophilum, respectively. The results of PCR from blood samples showed 13.40% and 3.09% positive samples to T. equi and B. caballi, respectively. A total of 170 tick specimens were collected and identified as Dermacentor nitens, Amblyomma cajennense sensu lato and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus. It was detected 2.35% (4/170) and 0.59% (1/170) positive tick samples by PCR for T. equi and B. caballi, respectively. All samples were negative to A. phagocytophilum. No statically difference (p>0.05) was observed when gender, age, use of ectoparasiticide and tick presence were analyzed. A BLASTn analysis of the sequenced samples indicated 97 to 100% similarity with T. equi 18S rRNA gene sequences in GenBank and 98 to 100% with B. caballi. Genetic analysis classified the obtained sequences as T. equi and B. caballi cluster, respectively. It can be concluded that these pathogens occur and are circulating in the studied area

Expressed quantities of mineral contaminants in EBS detected by ICP-OES (g/kg).

<p>Expressed quantities of mineral contaminants in EBS detected by ICP-OES (g/kg).</p

Scores attributed to the formation and quality of bone tissue.

<p>Scores attributed to the formation and quality of bone tissue.</p