Separation of cerium from other rare earths by ignition of the nitrates

Cerium was separated from the light rare earths by ignition of the nitrates whereby the cerous nitrate was decomposed to eerie oxide. Small scale investigations were made using sodium nitrate and magnesium nitrate hexahydrate as fluxes. A cost estimate based on data from the small scale investigations showed the sodium nitrate ignition to be more economical; therefore, bench scale investigations were made using sodium nitrate. With a weight ratio of sodium nitrate to rare earth nitrate hexahydrate of 1:2 and a temperature of approximately 295oC for 12 to 16 hours, a nearly quantitative conversion of cerous nitrate to eerie oxide was obtained. The eerie oxide obtained upon dissolving the soluble sodium nitrate and undecomposed rare earth nitrates and filtering, using Celite\u27\u27 filtering aid as a precoat, was found to be quite pure. Indications are that an even purer eerie oxide could possibly be obtained if a lower temperature for a longer length of time had been used

Recreational Rights and Titles to Bed on Western Lakes and Streams

What rights do riparians, their licensees, and the public have to use the small lakes and streams of the West when the beds are privately owned? This is the question which this Article attempts to answer. However, to do this, an analysis had to be made of which lake and stream beds were privately owned. Thus, the Article covers both the questions of title to beds and rights of surface use. This Article represents the first time that an effort has been made to systematically and comprehensively survey the lake and stream surface use cases of the Western part of the Nation, or of any large section of the Nation, and to critically compare and evaluate these cases

Recreational Rights and Titles to Beds on Western Lakes and Streams

What rights do riparians, their licensees, and the public have to use the small lakes and streams of the West when the beds are privately owned? This is the question which this Article attempts to answer. However, to do this, an analysis had to be made of which lake and stream beds were privately owned. Thus, the Article covers both the questions of title to beds and rights of surface use. This Article represents the first time that an effort has been made to systematically and comprehensively survey the lake and stream surface use cases of the Western part of the Nation, or of any large section of the Nation, and to critically compare and evaluate these cases

Degradation of Polymeric Biomaterials

Environmental and processing factors affecting the biostability of medical devices made from traditionally stable polymers, such as isotactic polypropylene (PP) and ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMW-PE) , were analyzed and their undesirable degradation was related to performance of typical medical devices. Among the critical phenomena determining the biological performance of UHMW-PE and PP devices are oxidation during melt-processing and the propensity of the polymer chains to radiolyse and radio-oxidize. Polyesters and their biomedical devices , which can be designed to degrade predictably, are addressed with some focus on the less obvious determinants of performance

Process of making a bone healing device

The present invention is directed to polymeric bone fixation devices and processes for making the devices. In making the bone fixation devices, a polymeric material having a crystalline portion is deformed by a compressive force along a particular direction which causes molecular chains contained within the polymer to orient. The resulting polymer has increased mechanical properties including increased tensile strength and modulus. The polymeric material used to make the bone fixation device can be a bioabsorbable polymer which, once implanted, is broken down and absorbed by the patient\u27s body, eliminating the need for removal

Degradation of Polymeric Biomaterials

Environmental and processing factors affecting the biostability of medical devices made from traditionally stable polymers, such as isotactic polypropylene (PP) and ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMW-PE) , were analyzed and their undesirable degradation was related to performance of typical medical devices. Among the critical phenomena determining the biological performance of UHMW-PE and PP devices are oxidation during melt-processing and the propensity of the polymer chains to radiolyse and radio-oxidize. Polyesters and their biomedical devices , which can be designed to degrade predictably, are addressed with some focus on the less obvious determinants of performance

The between-week reliability of neuromuscular, endocrine, and mood markers in soccer players and the repeatability of the movement demands during small-sided games

BACKGROUND: Establishing the reliability and repeatability of both the movement demands and the consequential responses of athletes applied settings is important. Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to assess the between-week reliability of potential fatigue monitoring methods in soccer players. Secondary aims were to establish the repeatability of the movement demands and the changes in monitoring variables from the same small-sided game (SSG) protocol programmed on consecutive weeks. METHODS: Twelve semi-professional soccer players (age, 21±2 years; mass, 80.1±6.8kg; height, 1.81±0.06m) performed the same SSG protocol (4vs4+goalkeepers; 6x7-min, 2-min inter-set recovery) separated by 7 days. Movement demands were monitored using global positioning systems (GPS), with countermovement jump (CMJ), saliva (testosterone and cortisol), and brief assessment of mood (BAM+) collected immediately pre and post SSG training. RESULTS: Results suggest that CMJ variables and hormonal markers have good between-week reliability when measuring athletes at rest (CV, 2.1–7.7%; ICC, 0.82–0.98), however BAM+ did not (CV, 23.5%; ICC, 0.47). GPS variables presented low to high repeatability during SSG training, with reliability statistics varying between metrics (CV, 4.4–62.4%; ICC, 0.30–0.81). In detecting responses from pre- to post-SSG training, CMJ and hormonal markers showed moderate to very-high reliability (ICC, 0.68–0.99), whilst BAM + did not (ICC, 0.12). CONCLUSIONS: The findings from this study suggest CMJ and hormonal markers provide good between-week reliability, yet caution should be applied when using short subjective questionnaires. Additionally, some movement demands may not be repeatable when programming the same SSG session on separate occasions