Motivational Interviewing with Patient Education to Promote a Safe Sleep Environment for Lakota Infants

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) has preventable risk factors; the sleep environment of the infant is one of those risk factors. SIDS is the leading cause of infant deaths in the Aberdeen Area of Indian Health Service, accounting for more than one fourth of the infant deaths. The project proposed utilizes Madeline Leininger\u27s Culture Care Theory combined with an education model incorporating motivational interviewing with the current patient education used by the Public Health Nursing Department at the Pine Ridge Indian Health Service Hospital promoting a safe sleep environment

Effects of Exercise Sequence in Resistance-Training on Strength, Speed, and Agility in High School Football Players

International Journal of Exercise Science 6(2) : 126-133, 2013. Manipulating variables in a training program (e.g., sets, reps, lifts, sequence, etc.) is designed to maximize strength and power performance. Due to the complexity of designing resistance-training programs, changing one variable could potentially set an athletic team apart from others in performance. The purpose of this study was to investigate if exercise sequence could influence the development of strength, speed, and agility. This study compared two specific types of exercise sequences: traditional, which performs the prescribed exercises in a traditional or blocked manner (by completing every set of an exercise before moving to the next); and, circuit, which performs the prescribed exercises in a circuit or alternating manner (by completing the first set of each prescribed exercise, then going to the second set of each exercise). Thirty-nine adolescent athletes from two separate high school football teams completed identical six-week resistance-training programs with the only difference being the sequence of the exercises. Each group tested pre- and post-intervention on hang clean, bench, squat, 40-yard dash, and pro agility. A strength index was used to measure overall strength gained by dividing the sum of the three lifts by total body weight. The results demonstrated that the only significant difference between groups occurred with hang clean. Both circuit and traditional groups made significant but equal gains when compared independently pre- to post-intervention. These results suggest that if strength gains are desired, then either a circuit or traditional style of exercise sequence will produce equal results regardless of beginning level of strength

The Impact of Chemotherapy on the Neuromuscular Components of Gait

Background and Purpose: Pediatric cancers affect over ten thousand children in the United States each year. Although survival rates continue to climb, debilitating long-term side effects from cancer treatment are surfacing. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of chemotherapy on selected gait characteristics in children ages five to twenty-two. Methods: This was a prospective, cross-sectional study that investigated the differences found in and between children undergoing cancer treatment for non-central nervous system cancers and children without cancer. The data was collected in the oncology program of the two campuses of Children’s Hospitals and Clinics of Minnesota. Sixty children with cancer and thirty-six children without cancer (controls) participated in this study. Each participant completed impairment testing including: ankle range of motion, ankle strength, and neuropathy rating using the ped-mTNS. Their gait pattern was recorded using the GaitRite Gait Analysis System and then each subject completed a 6 minute walk test. Results: Using MANOVA procedures, we found that subjects with cancer demonstrated significantly slower walking velocity, decreased cadence, and shorter step length (α≤.05) compared to controls. No significant gait differences were found between cancer patients who received vincristine and those who received IT methotrexate in addition to vincristine (α≥.05). Within the cancer group, significant correlations were found between underlying impairments of ankle dorsiflexion strength, and neuropathy with selected gait characteristics (α≤.05). Significant correlations were also found between the distance walked in six minutes with velocity and step length (α≤.05). Conclusions: Children who received chemotherapy treatment had significantly slower velocities, decreased cadence and shorter step lengths when compared to controls. However, adding IT methotrexate in addition to vincristine did not significantly impact gait characteristics. Underlying impairments, such as ankle strength, significantly affected gait characteristics. Finally, the distance children with cancer walked in six minutes was negatively impacted by their decreased velocity and step length. Overall, this study gives insight into the debilitating effects chemotherapy has on selected gait characteristics. Physical therapy may benefit this population by working to improve gait patterns and overall function

Product Counterfeiting Legislation in the United States: A Review and Assessment of Characteristics, Remedies, and Penalties

Product counterfeiting crimes have detrimental effects on consumers, brand owners, public health, the economy, and even national security. Over time, as product counterfeiting crimes and the response to them have evolved, U.S. federal legislation has developed and state legislation has followed suit, but with considerable variation across the states. The purpose of this article is to place product counterfeiting in the context of intellectual property rights, provide a historical review of relevant federal legislation, and systematically examine the extent to which state laws differ in terms of characteristics, remedies, and penalties. Additionally, we calculate indices of civil and criminal protections that illustrate the overall strength of each state’s legislative framework. Collectively, this assessment provides a solid foundation for understanding the development of product counterfeiting legislation and serves as a basis for advancing research, policy, and practice

Biotic homogenisation and differentiation as directional change in beta diversity: synthesising driver–response relationships to develop conceptualmodels across ecosystems

Biotic homogenisation is defined as decreasing dissimilarity among ecological assemblages sampled within a given spatial area over time. Biotic differentiation, in turn, is defined as increasing dissimilarity over time. Overall, changes in the spatial dissimilarities among assemblages (termed ‘beta diversity’) is an increasingly recognised feature of broader biodiversity change in the Anthropocene. Empirical evidence of biotic homogenisation and biotic differentiation remains scattered across different ecosystems. Most meta-analyses quantify the prevalence and direction of change in beta diversity, rather than attempting to identify underlying ecological drivers of such changes. By conceptualising the mechanisms that contribute to decreasing or increasing dissimilarity in the composition of ecological assemblages across space, environmental managers and conservation practitioners can make informed decisions about what interventions may be required to sustain biodiversity and can predict potential biodiversity outcomes of future disturbances. We systematically reviewed and synthesised published empirical evidence for ecological drivers of biotic homogenisation and differentiation across terrestrial, marine, and freshwater realms to derive conceptual models that explain changes in spatial beta diversity. We pursued five key themes in our review: (i) temporal environmental change; (ii) disturbance regime; (iii) connectivity alteration and species redistribution; (iv) habitat change; and (v) biotic and trophic interactions. Our first conceptual model highlights how biotic homogenisation and differentiation can occur as a function of changes in local (alpha) diversity or regional (gamma) diversity, independently of species invasions and losses due to changes in species occurrence among assemblages. Second, the direction and magnitude of change in beta diversity depends on the interaction between spatial variation (patchiness) and temporal variation (synchronicity) of disturbance events. Third, in the context of connectivity and species redistribution, divergent beta diversity outcomes occur as different species have different dispersal characteristics, and the magnitude of beta diversity change associated with species invasions also depends strongly on alpha and gamma diversity prior to species invasion. Fourth, beta diversity is positively linked with spatial environmental variability, such that biotic homogenisation and differentiation occur when environmental heterogeneity decreases or increases, respectively. Fifth, species interactions can influence beta diversity via habitat modification, disease, consumption (trophic dynamics), competition, and by altering ecosystem productivity. Our synthesis highlights the multitude of mechanisms that cause assemblages to be more or less spatially similar in composition (taxonomically, functionally, phylogenetically) through time. We consider that future studies should aim to enhance our collective understanding of ecological systems by clarifying the underlying mechanisms driving homogenisation or differentiation, rather than focusing only on reporting the prevalence and direction of change in beta diversity, per se. biodiversity, beta diversity, biotic homogenisation, biotic differentiation, species assemblage, turnoverpublishedVersio

Increase Postpartum Gestational Diabetes Screening

Introduction: Diabetic women did not get follow up screening after delivery. Nurses are finding a way to screen more women

Preparation of potentially porous, chiral organometallic materials through spontaneous resolution of pincer palladium conformers

Understanding the mechanism by which advanced materials assemble is essential for the design of new materials with desired properties. Here, we report a method to form chiral, potentially porous materials through spontaneous resolution of conformers of a PCP pincer palladium complex ({; ; 2, 6-bis[(di-t-butylphosphino)methyl]phenyl}; ; palladium(II)halide). The crystallisation is controlled by weak hydrogen bonding giving rise to chiral qtz-nets and channel structures, as shown by 16 such crystal structures for X = Cl, and Br with various solvents like pentane and bromobutane. The fourth ligand (in addition to the pincer ligand) on palladium plays a crucial role ; the chloride and the bromide primarily form hexagonal crystals with large 1D channels, whereas the iodide (presumably due to its inferior hydrogen bonding capacity) forms monoclinic crystals without channels. The hexagonal channels are completely hydrophobic and filled with disordered solvent molecules. Upon heating loss of solvent occurs and the hexagonal crystals transform into other non-porous polymorphs. Also by introducing strong acid, the crystallisation process can be directed to a different course, giving several different non-porous polymorphs. In conclusion a number of rules can be formulated dictating the formation of hexagonal channel structures based on pincer palladium complexes. Such rules are important for a rational design of future self-assembling materials with applications in storage and molecular recognition