2,715 research outputs found
Optimal Marketing Strategies for Southeastern Cattle Producers
Hedging, Cattle, Simulation, Expected Utility, Agribusiness, Farm Management, Livestock Production/Industries, Marketing, Q13,
Iron-Catalyzed Arylation of Heterocycles via Directed C–H Bond Activation
The iron-catalyzed arylation of aromatic heterocycles, such as pyridines, thiophenes and furans has been achieved. The use of an imine directing group allowed for the ortho functionalization of these heterocycles with complete conversion in 15 minutes at 0 °C. Yields up to 88% were observed in the synthesis of 15 heterocyclic biaryls
A Follow-up Study of the Graduates of the Flandreau Indian School for the Years 1955, 1956, and 1957
The students of Flandreau Indian School no doubt are receiving much beneficial education which is of definite value to them after graduation. However, without a formal follow-up study of its graduates the school is ill informed as to the educational and vocational status of its students after graduation. If a school and its curriculum are to function at maximum efficiency it must know the status of the finished product. The purpose of this study is to analyze the educational and vocational experiences of the graduates of Flandreau Indian School, Flandreau, South Dakota for the years 1955, 1956, and 1957.The primary objectives are as follows: (1) To establish the number and types of occupations in which the graduates of Flandreau find employment. (2) To determine how employment is secured by these students. (3) To determine the type and amount of education received after graduation. (4) To determine the value and degree of efficiency in the present curriculum. (5) To ascertain the degree to which the training received Flandreau has been utilized. (6) To determine whether the services rendered by the school, such as placement, guidance, and others are meeting the needs of graduates. (7) To make some summaries and conclusions concerning the values of the present curriculum with respect to the student after graduation. It should be stressed that this study is not intended to be a curriculum study, but findings of this study should provide valuable information for the administration in adjustment and revision of the present curriculum
Differential effects of Paclitaxel on dendritic cell function
Background The potential utility of dendritic cells (DC) as cancer vaccines has been established in early trials in human cancers. The concomitant administration of cytotoxic agents and DC vaccines has been previously avoided due to potential immune suppression by chemotherapeutics. Recent studies show that common chemotherapy agents positively influence adaptive and innate anti-tumour immune responses. Results We investigated the effects of paclitaxel on human DC biology in vitro. DCs appear to sustain a significant level of resistance to paclitaxel and maintain normal viability at concentrations of up to 100 μmol. In some cases this resistance against paclitaxel is significantly better than the level seen in tumour cell lines. Paclitaxel exposure led to a dose dependent increase in HLA class II expression equivalent to exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and a corresponding increase in proliferation of allogeneic T cells at the clinically relevant doses of paclitaxel. Increase in HLA-Class II expression induced by paclitaxel was not blocked by anti TLR-4 antibody. However, paclitaxel exposure reduced the endocytic capacity of DC but reduced the expression of key pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-12 and TNFα. Key morphological changes occurred when immature DC were cultured with 100 μmol paclitaxel. They became small rounded cells with stable microtubules, whereas there were little effects on LPS-matured DC. Conclusions The effect of paclitaxel on human monocyte derived DC is complex, but in the clinical context of patients receiving preloaded and matured DC vaccines, its immunostimulatory potential and resistance to direct cytotoxicity by paclitaxel would indicate potential advantages to co-administration with vaccines
The Bolocam Galactic Plane Survey. XIII. Physical Properties and Mass Functions of Dense Molecular Cloud Structures
We use the distance probability density function (DPDF) formalism of
Ellsworth-Bowers et al. (2013, 2015) to derive physical properties for the
collection of 1,710 Bolocam Galactic Plane Survey (BGPS) version 2 sources with
well-constrained distance estimates. To account for Malmquist bias, we estimate
that the present sample of BGPS sources is 90% complete above 400 and
50% complete above 70 . The mass distributions for the entire sample
and astrophysically motivated subsets are generally fitted well by a lognormal
function, with approximately power-law distributions at high mass. Power-law
behavior emerges more clearly when the sample population is narrowed in
heliocentric distance (power-law index for sources nearer
than 6.5 kpc and for objects between 2 kpc and 10 kpc).
The high-mass power-law indices are generally for
various subsamples of sources, intermediate between that of giant molecular
clouds and the stellar initial mass function. The fit to the entire sample
yields a high-mass power-law . Physical
properties of BGPS sources are consistent with large molecular cloud clumps or
small molecular clouds, but the fractal nature of the dense interstellar medium
makes difficult the mapping of observational categories to the dominant
physical processes driving the observed structure. The face-on map of the
Galactic disk's mass surface density based on BGPS dense molecular cloud
structures reveals the high-mass star-forming regions W43, W49, and W51 as
prominent mass concentrations in the first quadrant. Furthermore, we present a
0.25-kpc resolution map of the dense gas mass fraction across the Galactic disk
that peaks around 5%.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ; 32 pages, 21 figure
Identification of Trypanocidal Activity for Known Clinical Compounds Using a New <i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> Hit-Discovery Screening Cascade
<div><p>Chagas disease is a significant health problem in Latin America and the available treatments have significant issues in terms of toxicity and efficacy. There is thus an urgent need to develop new treatments either via a repurposing strategy or through the development of new chemical entities. A key first step is the identification of compounds with anti-<i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> activity from compound libraries. Here we describe a hit discovery screening cascade designed to specifically identify hits that have the appropriate anti-parasitic properties to warrant further development. The cascade consists of a primary imaging-based assay followed by newly developed and appropriately scaled secondary assays to predict the cidality and rate-of-kill of the compounds. Finally, we incorporated a cytochrome P450 CYP51 biochemical assay to remove compounds that owe their phenotypic response to inhibition of this enzyme. We report the use of the cascade in profiling two small libraries containing clinically tested compounds and identify Clemastine, Azelastine, Ifenprodil, Ziprasidone and Clofibrate as molecules having appropriate profiles. Analysis of clinical derived pharmacokinetic and toxicity data indicates that none of these are appropriate for repurposing but they may represent suitable start points for further optimisation for the treatment of Chagas disease.</p></div
Using integrative taxonomy to distinguish cryptic halfbeak species and interpret distribution patterns, fisheries landings, and speciation
Context. Species classification disputes can be resolved using integrative taxonomy, which
involves the use of both phenotypic and genetic information to determine species boundaries.
Aims. Our aim was to clarify species boundaries of two commercially important cryptic species
of halfbeak (Hemiramphidae), whose distributions overlap in south-eastern Australia, and assist
fisheries management. Methods. We applied an integrative taxonomic approach to clarify
species boundaries and assist fisheries management. Key results. Mitochondrial DNA and
morphological data exhibited significant differences between the two species. The low level of
mitochondrial DNA divergence, coupled with the lack of difference in the nuclear DNA,
suggests that these species diverged relatively recently (c. 500 000 years ago) when compared
with other species within the Hyporhamphus genus (>2.4 million years ago). Genetic differences
between the species were accompanied by differences in modal gill raker counts, mean upper-
jaw and preorbital length, and otolith shape. Conclusions. On the basis of these genetic and
morphological differences, as well as the lack of morphological intergradation between species
along the overlapping boundaries of their geographical distributions, we propose that
Hyporhamphus australis and Hyporhamphus melanochir remain valid species. Implications. This
study has illustrated the need for an integrative taxonomic approach when assessing species
boundaries and has provided a methodological framework for studying other cryptic fish species
in a management context
Hanford Low-Activity Waste Vitrification: A Review
This Paper Summarizes the Vast Body of Literature (Over 200 Documents) Related to Vitrification of the Low-Activity Waste (LAW) Fraction of the Hanford Tank Wastes. Details Are Provided on the Origins of the Hanford Tank Wastes that Resulted from Nuclear Operations Conducted between 1944 and 1989 to Support Nuclear Weapons Production. Waste Treatment Processes Are Described, Including the Baseline Process to Separate the Tank Waste into LAW and High-Level Waste Fractions, and the LAW Vitrification Facility Being Started at Hanford. Significant Focus is Placed on the Glass Composition Development and the Property-Composition Relationships for Hanford LAW Glasses. Glass Disposal Plans and Criteria for Minimizing Long-Term Environmental Impacts Are Discussed Along with Research Perspectives
A software program designed to educate patients on age-related skin changes of facial and exposed extrafacial regions: the results of a validation study
Initial Laboratory-Scale Melter Test Results for Combined Fission Product Waste
This report describes the methods and results used to vitrify a baseline glass, CSLNTM-C-2.5 in support of the AFCI (Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative) using a Quartz Crucible Scale Melter at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory. Document number AFCI-WAST-PMO-MI-DV-2009-000184
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