The Effect of Variables on the Penetration of Starch Applied at the Size Press

The literature from 1925 until the present was searched as it related to the above topic. It was organized into three areas. The first relates the reasons for surface sizing a sheet and how penetration affects them. The second topic states the beliefs as to which variables affect penetration and how they are believed to affect it. The last area concerns the work that has been done in this field. This work has been looking due to a lack of good procedure. Some work has been done on starch coating adhesives and this was searched for useable technique

Inflation Uncertainty and Interest Rates: Theory and Empirical Tests

This paper develops two models, one involving risk neutrality and the other risk aversion, which suggest that inflation uncertainty affects interest rates. Both models give rise to essentially the same interest rate equation for estimation. Empirical evidence supports the hypothesis that inflation uncertainty affects interest rates. Interpreted in terms of the risk neutral model, the empirical results suggest that inflation uncertainty has a negative impact on nominal interest rates and a positive impact on the expected real rate. If the results are interpreted in terms of the risk averse model, inflation uncertainty has a negative impact on nominal interest rates. The expected real rate is not of direct interest in a risk averse world. The results raise real questions about the use of the Fisherian definition of the real interest rate in situations when there is uncertainty about inflation rates. It is argued that even with risk neutrality the Fisherian definition of the real rate is not the appropriate concept upon which to base economic decisions if inflation uncertainty is present. The appropriate concept is an expected real rate which involves an adjustment for uncertainty. Moreover, if the world is risk averse, the expected real rate is not a relevant concept for economic decisions.

Demographics and the Political Sustainability of Pay-as-you-go Social Security

The net present value of costs and benefits from a pay-as-you-go social security system are negative for young people and positive for the elderly. If people all vote their financial self-interest, there will be a pivotal age such that those who are younger favor smaller social security benefits and those who are older will favor larger benefits. For persons of each age and sex, we estimate the expected present value gained or lost from a small permanent increase in the amount of benefits, where the cost of these benefits is divided equally among the population of working age. Assuming that everyone votes his or her long run financial self-interest, and calculating the number of voters in the population of each age and sex, we can determine whether there is majority support for an increase or a decrease in social security benefits. We use statistics on the age distribution and mortality rates for the United States to explore the sensitivity of political support for social security to alternative assumptions about the discount rate, excess burden in taxation, voter participation rates, and birth, death, and migration rates. We find that a once-and-for-all decrease in benefits would be defeated by a majority of selfish voters under a wide range of parameters. We also study the predicted majority outcomes of votes on changing the retirement age.

Electromagnetic energy transfer and switching in nanoparticle chain arrays below the diffraction limit

Electromagnetic energy transfer in plasmon wires consisting of chains of closely spaced metal nanoparticles can occur below the diffraction limit by means of coupled plasmon modes. Coherent propagation with group velocities that exceed 0.1 c is possible in straight wires and around sharp corners (bending radius much less than wavelength of visible light). Energy transmission through chain networks is possible at high efficiencies and is a strong function of the frequency and polarization direction of the plasmon mode. Although these structures exhibit transmission losses due to heating of about 3 dB/500 nm, they have optical functionality that cannot be obtained in other ways at a length scale ≪1 μm

The method of steepest descent applied to determine zeros of polynomials and adapted for use on the digital computer

Call number: LD2668 .R4 1968 H37