A Generalized Univariate Change-of-Variable Transformation Technique

We present a generalized version of the univariate change-of-variable technique for transforming continuous random variables. Extending a theorem from Casella and Berger [1990. Statistical Inference, Wadsworth and Brooks/Cole, Inc., Pacific Grove, CA] for many-to-1 transformations, we consider more general univariate transformations. Specifically, the transformation can range from 1-to-1 to many-to-1 on various subsets of the support of the random variable of interest. We also present an implementation of the theorem in a computer algebra system that automates the technique. Some examples demonstrate the theorem\u27s application

Computing the cumulative distribution function of the Kolmogorov–Smirnov statistic

We present an algorithm for computing the cumulative distribution function of the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test statistic Dn in the all-parameters-known case. Birnbaum (1952, J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 47, 425–441), gives an n-fold integral for the CDF of the test statistic which yields a function defined in a piecewise fashion, where each piece is a polynomial of degree n. Unfortunately, it is difficult to determine the appropriate limits of integration for computing these polynomials. Our algorithm performs the required integrations in a manner that avoids calculating the same integrals repeatedly, resulting in shorter computation time. It can be used to compute the entire CDF or just a portion of the CDF, which is more efficient for finding a critical value or a p-value associated with a hypothesis test. If the entire CDF is computed, it can be stored in memory so that various characteristics of the distribution of the test statistic (e.g., moments) can be calculated. To date, critical tables have been approximated by various techniques including asymptotic approximations, recursive formulas, and Monte Carlo simulation. Our approach yields exact critical values and significance levels. The algorithm has been implemented in a computer algebra system

Genomics reveals historic and contemporary transmission dynamics of a bacterial disease among wildlife and livestock

Whole-genome sequencing has provided fundamental insights into infectious disease epidemiology, but has rarely been used for examining transmission dynamics of a bacterial pathogen in wildlife. In the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE), outbreaks of brucellosis have increased in cattle along with rising seroprevalence in elk. Here we use a genomic approach to examine Brucella abortus evolution, cross-species transmission and spatial spread in the GYE. We find that brucellosis was introduced into wildlife in this region at least five times. The diffusion rate varies among Brucella lineages (∼3 to 8 km per year) and over time. We also estimate 12 host transitions from bison to elk, and 5 from elk to bison. Our results support the notion that free-ranging elk are currently a self-sustaining brucellosis reservoir and the source of livestock infections, and that control measures in bison are unlikely to affect the dynamics of unrelated strains circulating in nearby elk populations

The Grizzly, November 13, 1981

Suspicious Visitor Causes Alarm • Whistle Blowing: The Problem of Ethics in Business • Two Students Caught In Breaking and Entering • Pledging Discussion • Student Teachers Putting in Their Hours • Powlette Speaks on Values • USGA Notes • Students Attend Orchestra Concert in Philadelphia • Ursinus Represented at PCCA Choir Festival • Winterfest Brings Culture Shock to UC • Study Abroad Series: Gidget Goes to Rome • UC Attempts \u27World\u27s Largest Sandcastle\u27 • Davis Selected All-American • Dickinson vs Bears in ECAC Championship • Student Plays for Peru in Pan Am Games • Swimmers Enthusiastic About New Season • Fencing Foils F&M • Bears End Disappointing Season With Loss • Grapplers Anxious To Begin • U.C. Harriers MAC Champs... Againhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1067/thumbnail.jp

Seeing the way: visual sociology and the distance runner's perspective

Employing visual and autoethnographic data from a two‐year research project on distance runners, this article seeks to examine the activity of seeing in relation to the activity of distance running. One of its methodological aims is to develop the linkage between visual and autoethnographic data in combining an observation‐based narrative and sociological analysis with photographs. This combination aims to convey to the reader not only some of the specific subcultural knowledge and particular ways of seeing, but also something of the runner's embodied feelings and experience of momentum en route. Via the combination of narrative and photographs we seek a more effective way of communicating just how distance runners see and experience their training terrain. The importance of subjecting mundane everyday practices to detailed sociological analysis has been highlighted by many sociologists, including those of an ethnomethodological perspective. Indeed, without the competence of social actors in accomplishing these mundane, routine understandings and practices, it is argued, there would in fact be no social order

Social Preferences and the Efficiency of Bilateral Exchange

Under what conditions do social preferences, such as altruism or a concern for fair outcomes, generate efficient trade? I analyze theoretically a simple bilateral exchange game: Each player sequentially takes an action that reduces his own material payoff but increases the other player’s. Each player’s preferences may depend on both his/her own material payoff and the other player’s. I identify necessary conditions and sufficient conditions on the players’ preferences for the outcome of their interaction to be Pareto efficient. The results have implications for interpreting the rotten kid theorem, gift exchange in the laboratory, and gift exchange in the field

The Grizzly, November 6, 1981

Changing Role of Women • Spanish Professor Speaks At Literature Conference • Ursinus Grad Anticipates Changes • Whatley Invited to Testing of Nuclear Sub • USGA Notes • Canterbury Tales: Bawdy Production Rates 10 • Fashion Forum • Myrin Hosts Alumna\u27s Art • Study Abroad Series: Continental Culture • Bear Pack Travels to MACs • Bears Fall to Swarthmore 27-10 • Questionable End to Hockey Seasonhttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1066/thumbnail.jp

Proteogenomic analysis of psoriasis reveals discordant and concordant changes in mRNA and protein abundance

Abstract Background Psoriasis is a chronic disease characterized by the development of scaly red skin lesions and possible co-morbid conditions. The psoriasis lesional skin transcriptome has been extensively investigated, but mRNA levels do not necessarily reflect protein abundance. The purpose of this study was therefore to compare differential expression patterns of mRNA and protein in psoriasis lesions. Methods Lesional (PP) and uninvolved (PN) skin samples from 14 patients were analyzed using high-throughput complementary DNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Results We identified 4122 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) along with 748 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). Global shifts in mRNA were modestly correlated with changes in protein abundance (r = 0.40). We identified similar numbers of increased and decreased DEGs, but 4-fold more increased than decreased DEPs. Ribosomal subunit and translation proteins were elevated within lesions, without a corresponding shift in mRNA expression (RPL3, RPS8, RPL11). We identified 209 differentially expressed genes/proteins (DEGPs) with corresponding trends at the transcriptome and proteome levels. Most DEGPs were similarly altered in at least one other skin disease. Psoriasis-specific and non-specific DEGPs had distinct cytokine-response patterns, with only the former showing disproportionate induction by IL-17A in cultured keratinocytes. Conclusions Our findings reveal global imbalance between the number of increased and decreased proteins in psoriasis lesions, consistent with heightened translation. This effect could not have been discerned from mRNA profiling data alone. High-confidence DEGPs were identified through transcriptome-proteome integration. By distinguishing between psoriasis-specific and non-specific DEGPs, our analysis uncovered new functional insights that would otherwise have been overlooked.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/112309/1/13073_2015_Article_208.pd

CADMIUM GEOCHEMISTRY OF SOILS AND WILLOW IN A METAMORPHIC BEDROCK TERRAIN AND ITS POSSIBLE RELATION TO MOOSE HEALTH, SEWARD PENINSULA, ALASKA

The regional geochemistry of soil and willow over Paleozoic metamorphic rocks in the Seward Peninsula, Alaska is potentially high in cadmium (Cd), and willow, a preferred browse of moose, bioaccumulates Cd. Local moose show clinical signs of tooth wear and breakage and have been declining in population for unknown reasons. Willow leaves (all variants of Salix pulchra) and A-, B-, and C-horizon soils were sampled near 2 mining prospects suspected to be high in Cd. Although Al, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mo, Ni, Pb, and Zn were examined, our focus in this exploratory study was on the level of Cd in the 3 soil horizons and willow between and within the 2 prospects and their vicinity. We used an unbalanced, one-way, hierarchical analysis of variance (ANOVA) to investigate the geochemistry of soils and willow at various distance scales across the 2 prospect areas that were separated by ~80 km; sites within a location were approximately 0.5 km apart and replicate samples were separated by ~0.05 km. Cd concentration was significantly different in willow between and within sites, and within sites for all soil horizons. Specifically, this exploratory study identified highly elevated levels of Cd in willow growing over Paleozoic bedrock in the Seward Peninsula at both prospects and over the Paleozoic geologic unit in general. Potential negative effects for moose are discussed

The Grizzly, October 30, 1981

Founders Day 100th Year of Coeducation • Board of Directors Approve Tuition Increase • Stevens Talks on Hazing to Packed House • Comment: What Eileen Stevens Didn\u27t Say • Drexel-Ursinus Offer Evening Courses at Limerick and UC • Old Men\u27s Undergoes Heating Renovations • ZX Business Society Grows • Lee Savary: Contrasting Natural and Man-made • Study Abroad Series: Seize the Day • Law of the Sea, Law of the Nations • Gridders to Enter New League in 1983 • Bears Lose Homecoming Heartbreaker • X-Country: 38 Straight W\u27s • Field Hockey Trips West Chester 3-0https://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/grizzlynews/1065/thumbnail.jp