Expression analysis of candidate genes for chronic subclinical mastitis in Norwegian Red cattle

Chronic subclinical mastitis (SCM) is characterized by a long-term inflammation in the udder with high somatic cell count (SCC) in milk. Previously, several novel alternative SCM traits for Norwegian Red (NR) cattle have been defined to improve breeding strategies against chronic SCM. Quantitative trait loci and candidate genes affecting chronic SCM in NR have been identified. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression profiles of 14 selected candidate genes (RAD17, ACOT2, ACOT4, FOS, CXCL1, CXCL8, CCNB1, CDK7, TGFB3, SEL1L, STAT4, C6, GLI2, and SLC18A2). Twenty healthy NR cows with official genomic estimated breeding values (GEBV) for lactation average somatic cell scores (LSCS) were selected. Ten cows had high GEBV for LSCS (cows with low probability to have high SCC in milk during lactation) and 10 cows had low GEBV for LSCS (cows with high probability of having high SCC in milk). We isolated RNA from unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from these. Two out of the 14 analyzed genes showed significantly different results between groups. The group with high GEBV for LSCS displayed significantly higher expression of the CXCL1 gene than the low GEBV group. Grouping by lactation stage revealed significant differential expression of the FOS gene, with higher expression in early lactation (2–3 mo after calving) compared with late lactation (7–8 mo after calving). In addition, flow cytometry was performed on the peripheral blood nonuclear cells samples to analyze if number and type of isolated cells influenced the gene expression in the groups. The results in the current study provide identified genes that can be considered as possible candidate genes for chronic SCM in NR cows.publishedVersio

A Model System for Feralizing Laboratory Mice in Large Farmyard-Like Pens

publishedVersio

Detection of Salmonid IgM Specific to the Piscine Orthoreovirus Outer Capsid Spike Protein Sigma 1 Using Lipid-Modified Antigens in a Bead-Based Antibody Detection Assay

Bead-based multiplex immunoassays are promising tools for determination of the specific humoral immune response. In this study, we developed a multiplexed bead-based immunoassay for the detection of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) antibodies against Piscine orthoreovirus (PRV). Three different genotypes of PRV (PRV-1, PRV-2, and PRV-3) cause disease in farmed salmonids. The PRV outer capsid spike protein σ1 is predicted to be a host receptor binding protein and a target for neutralizing and protective antibodies. While recombinant σ1 performed poorly as an antigen to detect specific antibodies, N-terminal lipid modification of recombinant PRV-1 σ1 enabled sensitive detection of specific IgM in the bead-based assay. The specificity of anti-PRV-1 σ1 antibodies was confirmed by western blotting and pre-adsorption of plasma. Binding of non-specific IgM to beads coated with control antigens also increased after PRV infection, indicating a release of polyreactive antibodies. This non-specific binding was reduced by heat treatment of plasma. The same immunoassay also detected anti-PRV-3 σ1 antibodies from infected rainbow trout. In summary, a refined bead based immunoassay created by N-terminal lipid-modification of the PRV-1 σ1 antigen allowed sensitive detection of anti-PRV-1 and anti-PRV-3 antibodies from salmonids.Detection of Salmonid IgM Specific to the Piscine Orthoreovirus Outer Capsid Spike Protein Sigma 1 Using Lipid-Modified Antigens in a Bead-Based Antibody Detection AssaypublishedVersio

Expression analysis of candidate genes for chronic subclinical mastitis in Norwegian Red cattle

Chronic subclinical mastitis (SCM) is characterized by a long-term inflammation in the udder with high somatic cell count (SCC) in milk. Previously, several novel alternative SCM traits for Norwegian Red (NR) cattle have been defined to improve breeding strategies against chronic SCM. Quantitative trait loci and candidate genes affecting chronic SCM in NR have been identified. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression profiles of 14 selected candidate genes (RAD17, ACOT2, ACOT4, FOS, CXCL1, CXCL8, CCNB1, CDK7, TGFB3, SEL1L, STAT4, C6, GLI2, and SLC18A2). Twenty healthy NR cows with official genomic estimated breeding values (GEBV) for lactation average somatic cell scores (LSCS) were selected. Ten cows had high GEBV for LSCS (cows with low probability to have high SCC in milk during lactation) and 10 cows had low GEBV for LSCS (cows with high probability of having high SCC in milk). We isolated RNA from unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from these. Two out of the 14 analyzed genes showed significantly different results between groups. The group with high GEBV for LSCS displayed significantly higher expression of the CXCL1 gene than the low GEBV group. Grouping by lactation stage revealed significant differential expression of the FOS gene, with higher expression in early lactation (2–3 mo after calving) compared with late lactation (7–8 mo after calving). In addition, flow cytometry was performed on the peripheral blood nonuclear cells samples to analyze if number and type of isolated cells influenced the gene expression in the groups. The results in the current study provide identified genes that can be considered as possible candidate genes for chronic SCM in NR cows

Expression analysis of candidate genes for chronic subclinical mastitis in Norwegian Red cattle

Chronic subclinical mastitis (SCM) is characterize by a long-term inflammation in the udder with highsomatic cell count (SCC) in milk. Previously, several novel alternative SCM traits for Norwegian Red (NR) cattle have been defined to improve breeding strategies against chronic SCM. Quantitative trait loci and candidate genes affecting chronic SCM in NR have been identified. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression profiles of 14 selected candidate genes (RAD17, ACOT2, ACOT4, FOS, CXCL1, CXCL8, CCNB1, CDK7, TGFB3, SEL1L, STAT4, C6, GLI2, and SLC18A2). Twenty healthy NR cows with official genomic estimated breeding values (GEBV) for lactation average somatic cell scores (LSCS) were selected. Ten cows had high GEBV for LSCS (cows with low probability to have high SCC in milk during lactation) and 10 cows had low GEBV for LSCS (cows with high probability of having high SCC in milk). We isolated RNA from unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from these. Two out of the 14 analyzed genes showed significantly different results between groups.The group with high GEBV for LSCS displayed significantly higher expression of the CXCL1 gene than the low GEBV group. Grouping by lactation stage revealed significant differential expression of the FOS gene, with higher expression in early lactation (2–3 mo after calving) compared with late lactation (7–8 mo after calving). In addition, flow cytometry was performed on the peripheral blood mononuclear cells samples to analyze if number and type of isolated cells influenced the gene expression in the groups. The results in the current study provide identified genes that can be considered as possible candidate genes for chronic SCM in NR cows

The Project School-In - an Overview

publishedVersio

Is clinical effect of autologous conditioned serum in spontaneously occurring equine articular lameness related to ACS cytokine profile?

Background Biologic’ therapies, such as autologous conditioned serum (ACS), are gaining popularity in treating orthopaedic conditions in equine veterinary medicine. Evidence is scarce regarding ACS constituents, and large inter-individual differences in cytokine and growth factor content have been demonstrated. The objective of the current study was to investigate the potential association between cytokine and growth factor content of ACS and clinical effect in harness racehorses with spontaneously occurring low-grade articular lameness. Horses received 3 intra-articular injections of ACS administered at approximately 2-week intervals. Lameness evaluation consisting of a trot-up with subsequent flexions tests was performed at inclusion and approximately 2 weeks after the last treatment (re-evaluation); horses were classified as responders when there was no detectable lameness on trot-up and a minimum of 50% reduction in flexion test scores at re-evaluation. Association between clinical outcome (responders vs. non-responders) and age, lameness grades at inclusion (both initial trot-up and after flexion tests), treatment interval, follow-up time and the ACS content of IL-1Ra, IGF-1 and TGF-β was determined by regression modelling. Results Outcome analysis was available for 19 of 20 included horses; 11 responded to treatment whereas 8 did not. There was considerable inter-individual variability in cytokine/growth factor content of ACS, and in the majority of the horses, the level of IL-10, IL-1β and TNF-α was below the detection limit. In the final multivariate logistic regression model, ACS content of IGF-1 and IL-1Ra was significantly associated with clinical response (P = 0.01 and P = 0.03, respectively). No association with clinical response was found for the other tested variables. Conclusions The therapeutic benefit of ACS may be related to higher levels of IL-1Ra and IGF-1. Our study corroborates previous findings of considerable inter-individual variability of cytokine- and growth factor content in ACS.publishedVersio

Detection of Salmonid IgM Specific to the Piscine Orthoreovirus Outer Capsid Spike Protein Sigma 1 Using Lipid-Modified Antigens in a Bead-Based Antibody Detection Assay

Bead-based multiplex immunoassays are promising tools for determination of the specific humoral immune response. In this study, we developed a multiplexed bead-based immunoassay for the detection of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) antibodies against Piscine orthoreovirus (PRV). Three different genotypes of PRV (PRV-1, PRV-2, and PRV-3) cause disease in farmed salmonids. The PRV outer capsid spike protein σ1 is predicted to be a host receptor binding protein and a target for neutralizing and protective antibodies. While recombinant σ1 performed poorly as an antigen to detect specific antibodies, N-terminal lipid modification of recombinant PRV-1 σ1 enabled sensitive detection of specific IgM in the bead-based assay. The specificity of anti-PRV-1 σ1 antibodies was confirmed by western blotting and pre-adsorption of plasma. Binding of non-specific IgM to beads coated with control antigens also increased after PRV infection, indicating a release of polyreactive antibodies. This non-specific binding was reduced by heat treatment of plasma. The same immunoassay also detected anti-PRV-3 σ1 antibodies from infected rainbow trout. In summary, a refined bead based immunoassay created by N-terminal lipid-modification of the PRV-1 σ1 antigen allowed sensitive detection of anti-PRV-1 and anti-PRV-3 antibodies from salmonids

Detection of Salmonid IgM Specific to the Piscine Orthoreovirus Outer Capsid Spike Protein Sigma 1 Using Lipid-Modified Antigens in a Bead-Based Antibody Detection Assay

Bead-based multiplex immunoassays are promising tools for determination of the specific humoral immune response. In this study, we developed a multiplexed bead-based immunoassay for the detection of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) antibodies against Piscine orthoreovirus (PRV). Three different genotypes of PRV (PRV-1, PRV-2, and PRV-3) cause disease in farmed salmonids. The PRV outer capsid spike protein σ1 is predicted to be a host receptor binding protein and a target for neutralizing and protective antibodies. While recombinant σ1 performed poorly as an antigen to detect specific antibodies, N-terminal lipid modification of recombinant PRV-1 σ1 enabled sensitive detection of specific IgM in the bead-based assay. The specificity of anti-PRV-1 σ1 antibodies was confirmed by western blotting and pre-adsorption of plasma. Binding of non-specific IgM to beads coated with control antigens also increased after PRV infection, indicating a release of polyreactive antibodies. This non-specific binding was reduced by heat treatment of plasma. The same immunoassay also detected anti-PRV-3 σ1 antibodies from infected rainbow trout. In summary, a refined bead based immunoassay created by N-terminal lipid-modification of the PRV-1 σ1 antigen allowed sensitive detection of anti-PRV-1 and anti-PRV-3 antibodies from salmonids

Gjess i Ytre Oslofjord og Telemark. Antall og ungeproduksjon i 2020 for grågås og hvitkinngås

Tombre, I. M. Andersen, G. E. B., Axelsen, T., Kristiansen, V., Rasmussen, L., Syvertsen, R., Torp, J., Andersen, T., Antonsen, A., Botnermyr, R., Brandt, M., Eriksen, I. M., Fløseth, L., Fossum, B. V., Fredriksen, Å. S., Haga, A., Hansen, A. H., Hanssen, M. R., Hauge, F., Haugøy, G., Høyer-Jonassen, U., Haakaas, M., Johansen, P. -A., Karlsen, H. E., Krokeide, S., Kræmer, F., Lohne, M., Lundstad, I., Lågbu, Ø., Melland, A., Meyer, R., Moholt, Ø., Nilsen, R. N., Nyquist, T., Solhaug, R. B., Sondbø, S. M., Stigen, E., Tjønnås, T., Tronsen, K. S. & Viker, M. 2020. Gjess i Ytre Oslofjord og Telemark. Antall og ungeproduksjon i 2020 for grågås og hvitkinngås. NINA Rapport 1876. Norsk institutt for naturforskning. Denne rapporten sammenfatter resultater fra systematiske registreringer av grågås (Anser anser) og hvitkinngås (Branta leucopsis) på begge sider av den ytre delen av Oslofjorden og kystdelen av Telemark (områdene der det er kjent at det er gjess. Det ble også gjort en vurdering av familiestørrelser i mai, juli og august, samt en vurdering av andel ungfulger som er i grågåsbestanden august som et mål på årets produksjon og rekruttering. I slutten av mai ble det registrert totalt 7523 grågjess og 737 hvitkinngjess i hele studieområdet, mens det i slutten av juni ble registrert 6062 grågjess og 714 hvitkinngjess. Gjessene var fordelt relativt likt på begge sider av fjorden med 4091 grågjess i mai i Vestfold og Telemark og 3432 grågjess i Østfold (nå del av Viken). For hvitkinngås var tallene henholdsvis 336 individer i Vestfold og Telemark og 401 individer i Østfold. Grågås er den vanligste gåsearten i regionen og utgjorde 86,7% av alle observasjonene mens hvitkinngås utgjorde 9,3%. Kanadagjess (Branta canadensis) ble også registrert når disse ble observert, men disse utgjorde et mindretall og representerte 4,0% av registreringene. En oversikt over lokalitetene med flest gjess er presentert i denne rapporten, og samlet for hver side av Oslofjorden presenteres oversikter som viser gåseforekomstene i hver kommune. I Vestfold og Telemark er det Færder og Tønsberg som har de største gåseforekomstene mens det i Østfold er flest gjess i Fredrikstad, Hvaler og Moss. For grågås-familiene som ble registrert i mai var gjennomsnittlig kullstørrelse fire unger per familie. Dette gjennomsnittet var redusert til to unger per familie når registreringene ble gjennomført i juli og august. Andel ungfugler i grågåsbestanden ble estimert til 36,1% og antyder en god hekkesesong. Verdien må imidlertid ses i lys av at dette representerer observasjoner fra kun to lokaliteter i Tønsberg; Ilene og Presterødkilen naturreservater. Hvor vidt dette er representativt for hele regionen er derfor usikkert. Registreringene presentert i denne rapporten er et bidrag for å få en bedre oversikt over geografisk fordeling, bestand og ungeproduksjonen hos gjess i de ytre delene av Oslofjorden i 2020. Dette er relevant kunnskap for lokal og regional forvaltning da det gir en oversikt over lokale forekomster og eventuelle konfliktområder