30 research outputs found
Quantum complex networks
This Thesis focuses on networks of interacting quantum harmonic oscillators and in particular, on them as environments for an open quantum system, their probing via the open system, their transport properties, and their experimental implementation. Exact Gaussian dynamics of such networks is considered throughout the Thesis.
Networks of interacting quantum systems have been used to model structured environments before, but most studies have considered either small or non-complex networks. Here this problem is addressed by investigating what kind of environments complex networks of quantum systems are, with specific attention paid on the presence or absence of memory effects (non-Markovianity) of the reduced open system dynamics. The probing of complex networks is considered in two different scenarios: when the probe can be coupled to any system in the network, and when it can be coupled to just one. It is shown that for identical oscillators and uniform interaction strengths between them, much can be said about the network also in the latter case. The problem of discriminating between two networks is also discussed.
While state transfer between two sites in a (typically non-complex) network is a well-known problem, this Thesis considers a more general setting where multiple parties send and receive quantum information simultaneously through a quantum network. It is discussed what properties would make a network suited for efficient routing, and what is needed for a systematic search and ranking of such networks. Finding such networks complex enough to be resilient to random node or link failures would be ideal.
The merit and applicability of the work described so far depends crucially on the ability to implement networks of both reasonable size and complex structure, which is something the previous proposals lack. The ability to implement several different networks with a fixed experimental setup is also highly desirable. In this Thesis the problem is solved with a proposal of a fully reconfigurable experimental realization, based on mapping the network dynamics to a multimode optical platform
Universal Quantum Cloning
After introducing the no-cloning theorem and the most common forms of approximate quantum cloning, universal quantum cloning is considered in detail. The connections it has with universal NOT-gate, quantum cryptography and state estimation are presented and briefly discussed. The state estimation connection is used to show that the amount of extractable classical information and total Bloch vector length are conserved in universal quantum cloning. The 1 2 qubit cloner is also shown to obey a complementarity relation between local and nonlocal information. These are interpreted to be a consequence of the conservation of total information in cloning. Finally, the performance of the 1 M cloning network discovered by Bužek, Hillery and Knight is studied in the presence of decoherence using the Barenco et al. approach where random phase fluctuations are attached to 2-qubit gates. The expression for average fidelity is calculated for three cases and it is found to depend on the optimal fidelity and the average of the phase fluctuations in a specific way. It is conjectured to be the form of the average fidelity in the general case. While the cloning network is found to be rather robust, it is nevertheless argued that the scalability of the quantum network implementation is poor by studying the effect of decoherence during the preparation of the initial state of the cloning machine in the 1 ! 2 case and observing that the loss in average fidelity can be large. This affirms the result by Maruyama and Knight, who reached the same conclusion in a slightly different manner.Siirretty Doriast
Complex quantum networks as structured environments: engineering and probing
We consider structured environments modeled by bosonic quantum networks and
investigate the probing of their spectral density, structure, and topology. We
demonstrate how to engineer a desired spectral density by changing the network
structure. Our results show that the spectral density can be very accurately
detected via a locally immersed quantum probe for virtually any network
configuration. Moreover, we show how the entire network structure can be
reconstructed by using a single quantum probe. We illustrate our findings
presenting examples of spectral densities and topology probing for networks of
genuine complexity.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures. v3: update to match published versio
Complex Quantum Networks: a Topical Review
These are exciting times for quantum physics as new quantum technologies are
expected to soon transform computing at an unprecedented level. Simultaneously
network science is flourishing proving an ideal mathematical and computational
framework to capture the complexity of large interacting systems. Here we
provide a comprehensive and timely review of the rising field of complex
quantum networks. On one side, this subject is key to harness the potential of
complex networks in order to provide design principles to boost and enhance
quantum algorithms and quantum technologies. On the other side this subject can
provide a new generation of quantum algorithms to infer significant complex
network properties. The field features fundamental research questions as
diverse as designing networks to shape Hamiltonians and their corresponding
phase diagram, taming the complexity of many-body quantum systems with network
theory, revealing how quantum physics and quantum algorithms can predict novel
network properties and phase transitions, and studying the interplay between
architecture, topology and performance in quantum communication networks. Our
review covers all of these multifaceted aspects in a self-contained
presentation aimed both at network-curious quantum physicists and at
quantum-curious network theorists. We provide a framework that unifies the
field of quantum complex networks along four main research lines:
network-generalized, quantum-applied, quantum-generalized and quantum-enhanced.
Finally we draw attention to the connections between these research lines,
which can lead to new opportunities and new discoveries at the interface
between quantum physics and network science.Comment: 103 pages + 29 pages of references, 26 figure
Gaussian states provide universal and versatile quantum reservoir computing
We establish the potential of continuous-variable Gaussian states in
performing reservoir computing with linear dynamical systems in classical and
quantum regimes. Reservoir computing is a machine learning approach to time
series processing. It exploits the computational power, high-dimensional state
space and memory of generic complex systems to achieve its goal, giving it
considerable engineering freedom compared to conventional computing or
recurrent neural networks. We prove that universal reservoir computing can be
achieved without nonlinear terms in the Hamiltonian or non-Gaussian resources.
We find that encoding the input time series into Gaussian states is both a
source and a means to tune the nonlinearity of the overall input-output map. We
further show that reservoir computing can in principle be powered by quantum
fluctuations, such as squeezed vacuum, instead of classical intense fields. Our
results introduce a new research paradigm for quantum reservoir computing and
the engineering of Gaussian quantum states, pushing both fields into a new
direction.Comment: 13 pages, 4 figure
Opportunities in Quantum Reservoir Computing and Extreme Learning Machines
Quantum reservoir computing (QRC) and quantum extreme learning machines
(QELM) are two emerging approaches that have demonstrated their potential both
in classical and quantum machine learning tasks. They exploit the quantumness
of physical systems combined with an easy training strategy, achieving an
excellent performance. The increasing interest in these unconventional
computing approaches is fueled by the availability of diverse quantum platforms
suitable for implementation and the theoretical progresses in the study of
complex quantum systems. In this review article, recent proposals and first
experiments displaying a broad range of possibilities are reviewed when quantum
inputs, quantum physical substrates and quantum tasks are considered. The main
focus is the performance of these approaches, on the advantages with respect to
classical counterparts and opportunities
Analytical Evidence of Nonlinearity in Qubits and Continuous-Variable Quantum Reservoir Computing
The natural dynamics of complex networks can be harnessed for information processing purposes. A paradigmatic example are artificial neural networks used for machine learning. In this context, quantum reservoir computing (QRC) constitutes a natural extension of the use of classical recurrent neural networks using quantum resources for temporal information processing. Here, we explore the fundamental properties of QRC systems based on qubits and continuous variables. We provide analytical results that illustrate how nonlinearity enters the input–output map in these QRC implementations. We find that the input encoding through state initialization can serve to control the type of nonlinearity as well as the dependence on the history of the input sequences to be processed.</p
Opportunities in Quantum Reservoir Computing and Extreme Learning Machines
Quantum reservoir computing and quantum extreme learning machines are two emerging approaches that have demonstrated their potential both in classical and quantum machine learning tasks. They exploit the quantumness of physical systems combined with an easy training strategy, achieving an excellent performance. The increasing interest in these unconventional computing approaches is fueled by the availability of diverse quantum platforms suitable for implementation and the theoretical progresses in the study of complex quantum systems. In this review article, recent proposals and first experiments displaying a broad range of possibilities are reviewed when quantum inputs, quantum physical substrates and quantum tasks are considered. The main focus is the performance of these approaches, on the advantages with respect to classical counterparts and opportunities