Reflexionen zum Informalitätskonzept am Beispiel der argentinischen Automobilindustrie

Der Beitrag behandelt die Ausprägungen informeller Arbeit im Umfeld der argentinischen Automobilindustrie. Auf der Grundlage qualitativer empirischer Forschungsergebnisse wird herausgearbeitet, dass Informalität oft in Gestalt von Grauzonen zwischen regulären und irregulären Tätigkeiten auftritt und nur durch eine mehrdimensionale Perspektive zu erfassen ist, die neben der Produktions- auch die Haushaltsebene einbezieht. Der Artikel schlägt ein dynamisches Informalitätskonzept vor. Neben der Erwerbsarbeit im industriellen Bereich werden auch die Nebeneinkünfte und Konsummuster im Haushalt der ArbeiterInnen sowie Auffälligkeiten in den Erwerbsbiografien am empirischen Beispiel beleuchtet und reflektiert.Tis article focusses on different forms of informal work in the Argentinean automotive industry. We observe that informality often takes place in grey zones between regular and irregular labour. Tus, the phenomenon can only be accurately viewed in a multi-dimensional perspective, which includes both households and traditional production. Qualitative empirical research allows us to develop a dynamic concept of informality that considers personal work biographies situated between industrial employment and a wide variety of partially or unregistered activities, as well as taking into account additional incomes and consumption patterns in the workers’ households.Fil: Sittel, Johanna. Universitat Jena; AlemaniaFil: Berti, Natalia Teresa. Universidad Nacional de Colombia; Colombia. Universidad del Rosario; ColombiaFil: Buffalo, Luciana. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; ArgentinaFil: Schmalz, Stefan. Universitat Jena; AlemaniaFil: Vidosa, Regina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Saavedra 15. Centro de Estudios Urbanos y Regionales. Grupo Vinculado Instituto de Investigación de Vivienda y Hábitat al Ceur; Argentin

Comorbidity and long‐term clinical outcome of laryngotracheal clefts types III and IV: Systematic analysis of new cases

Background Long segment laryngotracheoesophageal clefts (LTECs) are very rare large‐airway malformations. Over the last 40 years mortality rates declined substantially due to improved intensive care and surgical procedures. Nevertheless, long‐term morbidity, comorbidity, and clinical outcomes have rarely been assessed systematically. Methods In this retrospective case series, the clinical presentation, comorbidities, treatment, and clinical outcomes of all children with long‐segment LTEC that were seen at our department in the last 15 years were collected and analyzed systematically. Results Nine children were diagnosed with long segment LTEC (four children with LTEC type III and five patients with LTEC type IV). All children had additional tracheobronchial, gastrointestinal, or cardiac malformations. Tracheostomy for long‐time ventilation and jejunostomy for adequate nutrition was necessary in all cases. During follow‐up one child died from multiorgan failure due to sepsis at the age of 43 days. The clinical course of the other eight children (median follow‐up time 5.2 years) was stable. Relapses of the cleft, recurrent aspirations, and respiratory tract infections led to repeated hospital admissions. Conclusions Long‐segment LTECs are consistently associated with additional malformations, which substantially influence long‐term morbidity. For optimal management, a multidisciplinary approach is essential

Dependency in the Twenty-First Century: Global material flows and the international division of labour

Abhängigkeiten im globalen Kapitalismus stellen eine historische Kontinuität dar. Wie diese sich seit dem Ende der formalen Kolonialherrschaft in ökonomischer und politischer Hinsicht fortsetzen, hat Mitte des 20. Jahrhunderts zunächst vor allem der lateinamerikanische Dependenzansatz prominent diskutiert. Der vorliegende Beitrag argumentiert, dass politische und ökonomische Abhängigkeiten trotz Verschiebungen gegenüber der Ausgangslage der dependenztheoretischen Diskussionen der 1970er Jahre weithin fortbestehen und sich nicht allein über die Betrachtung ökonomischer Kennziffern beschreiben lassen. Gerade auch im Hinblick auf zwei Leerstellen des Dependenzansatzes, der Aneignung von un(ter-) bezahlter Sorge- und Subsistenzarbeit sowie am kostenlosen Zugriff auf Natur, zeigen sich Machtbeziehungen und Abhängigkeitsverhältnisse, auf denen die kapitalistische Weltwirtschaft weiterhin beruht.Dependencies represent an historical continuity in global capitalism. The economic and political terms under which they have continued since the end of formal colonial rule was prominently discussed by the Latin American dependency approach in the mid-20th century. This article argues that political and economic dependencies continue to exist to a large extent, despite the changes and shifts that have taken place since the dependency theory discussions of the 1970s. Furthermore they cannot be described solely through the analysis of economic indicators. The relations of power and dependency on which the capitalist world economy continues to rely become particularly visible through two blind spots in the dependency approach: the appropriation of nature and of un(der)paid care and subsistence work

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Inhalt: Paketdienstleistungen; Privatisierung; "Der Fall Argentinien

Challenging the three faces of extractivism: the Mapuche struggle and the forestry industry in Chile

The Mapuche movement is among the most important social movements in post-dictatorship Chile. Since the 1990s, the Mapuche struggle has increasingly turned into a violent conflict over land usage and environmental degradation. By referring to theories of global capitalism and political ecology, we show how forestry extractivism has shaped the Mapuche struggle. Based on extensive fieldwork in the region of La Araucania, we analyze how different forms of inequalities including social marginalization, cultural repression, and ecological inequalities have led to discontent. In reaction to this multi-dimensional discontent, the Mapuche have developed indigenous forms of 'collective bargaining by riot' by attacking the local extractivist network. We identify the transnational forestry industry as a major driver of conflict and discuss the limits of Chile's extractivist model