Analyse spatiale des conflits urbains : Enjeux et contextes dans la région de Québec

Cette étude exploratoire des conflits urbains de la région de Québec entre 1990 et 2000 montre que la fréquence des conflits est plus élevée dans les secteurs où, d’une part, la densité de commerces de quartier est la plus forte et le tissu urbain plus ancien et, d’autre part, où la population est la plus scolarisée et dispose d’un horaire de travail flexible. Cette étude confirme ainsi que certains cadres urbains sont plus susceptibles que d’autres de générer des conflits et que certains groupes sont plus disposés à s’y engager. Elle montre aussi que ces relations sont sensiblement les mêmes, quel que soit le type d’enjeux défendus par les protagonistes de ces conflits. Deux exceptions sont toutefois à relever. Tout d’abord, les conflits liés à des enjeux environnementaux montrent parfois des relations différentes avec les variables caractérisant les lieux de conflits (indépendamment du niveau d’éducation et le type de profession). Ensuite, alors que la densité de population n’a dans l’ensemble pas d’influence sur l’émergence des conflits, on observe tout de même que dans les secteurs où la population est la plus dense, les conflits liés à des enjeux de transports ou des enjeux sociaux sont plus nombreuxThis paper investigates urban conflicts that took place in the Quebec City metropolitan area between 1990 and 2000. Analyses show that some population groups are more disposed than others to get involved in conflict activity. They also stress that there are specific built environments which are more prone than others to generating such activity. Statistical analysis of seven variables related to social and urban contexts shows that the frequency of conflicts is greater, on the one hand, in areas where small shop density is the highest and buildings are the oldest, and on the other, where the population has high levels of education and a flexible work schedule. Analyses considering what is at stake present similar results, except on two points. First, conflicts with environmental stakes do not appear to be linked to a particular level of education or a flexible work schedule. Thus even if population density shows statistical independence from all variables when the conflicts are considered as a whole, it appears specifically dependent with respect to conflicts involving transportation or social stakes

Challenges in creating a 3D participatory platform for urban development ::a case study

This paper aims at underling difficulties regarding the establishment of citizen engagement processes. The specificity of citizen engagement processes lies in their evolution over time where objectives, constraints, and latitudes of a given project influence the relevance of the tools offered to citizens. Three categories of urban projects (trans-urban, major metropolitan, architectural design) have been described. These classes range from a local space with short deadlines to a regional space spread over several decades. Furthermore, the use of 3D platforms for a broad public is influenced by the users’ preferences, perception, and expertise. Throughout this study, major challenges that have been experienced during the design a 3D participatory platform are identified. They range from the issues of implementing adequate tools according to the project (temporal and spatial scalability), the participation forms (passive, consultative or interactive), to the difficulties of convincing the authorities to use new bottom-up methods. Finally, a conceptual framework for the creation of a 3D participatory platform has been introduced. It can be summarized by three major steps: (1) Meeting the needs of a decision maker, (2) Designing the participation tool in accordance with the context, (3) Translating collected raw data in order to respond to the initial request

GEOPOLL - Integrate Cartographic Questions in Web Forms, Polls or Surveys

Most of the web forms, polls or surveys are composed with classical input fields (check boxes, radio buttons, select lists, etc.) and a lot of standards web forms builders or services (e.g. Typeform, WuFoo, Google Forms, Survey Monkey, etc.) help to build and deploy them. Nowadays, offering a text area to catch a ZIP code or a select list to point out a country remains the best way to explicitly collect geospatial data. But what about mapping interfaces to integrate cartographic questions and/or cartographic answers as a more suitable solution? How to let form’s respondents indicate in which area(s) they engage in certain activities? The only way to solve these issues is by coding it yourself. This paper shows the design and technical problematic and try to give some solutions to build an efficient UX for the respondents and a standard answers treatment for the data analysts. This paper will also highlight the capacities of open source JavaScript library like OpenLayers to build the solution. Our interface was tested by the cities of Lausanne and Pully (Switzerland) and thousands of people answered to these « cartographic forms » on mobile and desktop. We would like to share some good practice and lessons learned

A WebGIS platform for the monitoring of Farm Animal Genetic Resources (GENMON)

Background In 2007, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) initiated the Global plan of action for Farm Animal Genetic Resources (FAnGR). The main goal of this plan is to reduce further loss of genetic diversity in farm animals, so as to protect and promote the diversity of farm animal resources. An important step to reach this goal is to monitor and prioritize endangered breeds in the context of conservation programs. Methodology/Web portal implementation The GENMON WebGIS platform is able to monitor FAnGR and to evaluate the degree of endangerment of livestock breeds. The system takes into account pedigree and introgression information, the geographical concentration of animals, the cryo-conservation plan and the sustainability of breeding activities based on socio-economic data as well as present and future land use conditions. A multi-criteria decision tool supports the aggregation of the multi-thematic indices mentioned above using the MACBETH method, which is based on a weighted average using satisfaction thresholds. GENMON is a monitoring tool to reach subjective decisions made by a government agency. It relies on open source software and is available at http://lasigsrv2.epfl.ch/genmon-ch. Results/Significance GENMON allows users to upload pedigree-information (animal ID, parents, birthdate, sex, location and introgression) from a specific livestock breed and to define species and/or region-specific weighting parameters and thresholds. The program then completes a pedigree analysis and derives several indices that are used to calculate an integrated score of conservation prioritization for the breeds under investigation. The score can be visualized on a geographic map and allows a fast, intuitive and regional identification of breeds in danger. Appropriate conservation actions and breeding programs can thus be undertaken in order to promote the recovery of the genetic diversity in livestock breeds in need. The use of the platform is illustrated by means of an example based on three local livestock breeds from different species in Switzerland