Women and the Economy

Nationally, and in Nebraska, a persistent gender, racial, and ethnic wage gap exists. This session will explore women’s earnings, spending habits, and financial knowledge to understand their critical role in the economy

Estimated specific antibody‑based true sero‑prevalences of canine filariosis in dogs in Central Europe and the UK

Dirofilariosis is a vector-borne disease mainly caused by Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens. In contrast to the known endemicity of dirofilariosis in southern and south-eastern Europe, information on the distribution of D. repens in Central-Europe is fragmentary. We tested 8877 serum samples from dogs from Austria, Denmark, Germany, Italy, Lithuania, Poland, Switzerland and the UK using an ELISA detecting filarial-specific antibodies, hypothesising higher occurrence of D. repens. Based on two overlapping frequency distributions, presumed negative samples had a mean optical density (OD) value of 0.097, representing 97.45% of all samples. Presumed positive samples, representing 2.55% of all sera, had a mean OD value of 0.287. Test prevalence based on the calculated cut-off was 3.51% for all sera (4.36% for Austria, 1.94% for Denmark, 1.39% for Germany, 3.37% for Italy, 6.90% for Lithuania, 6.99% for Poland, 0.77% for Switzerland and 0.0% for the UK, respectively). The bimodal distribution, representing overlapping distributions of OD values from positive and negative dogs, enabled the assignment of a probability of true infection status to each dog. Mean probabilities of true infection status across groups, based on the postal codes of origin, allowed us to estimate and map true prevalences. For all countries, except the UK, the true prevalence was lower than the test prevalence. The large number of serum samples and the use of a non-gold standard analytical method allowed us to create a more realistic picture of the distribution of D. repens in Central Europe and the UK

Intense focus of alveolar echinococcosis, South Kyrgyzstan

Human alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a highly pathogenic zoonotic parasitic disease caused by Echinococcus multilocularis. An ultrasound study in southern Kyrgyzstan during 2012 revealed a prevalence of 4.2% probable or confirmed AE and an additional 2.2% possible AE, representing an emerging situation. The risk for probable or confirmed AE was significantly higher in dog owners

Detection of 'Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis' and other Anaplasmataceae and Rickettsiaceae in Canidae in Switzerland and Mediterranean countries

'Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis' is an emerging tick-borne zoonotic agent that primarily affects immunocompromised human patients. Dogs and foxes are frequently exposed to ticks, and both species are in close proximity to humans. This is the first study to systematically investigate the occurrence of 'Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis' in Canidae in Europa. We analyzed 1'739 blood samples from dogs in Switzerland, Italy, Spain and Portugal and 162 blood samples from free-ranging red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Switzerland. All samples were tested using a previously described multiplex real-time PCR for the Anaplasmataceae family, the 'Candidatus Neoehrlichia' genus and the 'Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis' species. All Anaplasmataceae positive samples were subsequently tested using specific real-time PCRs for Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Anaplasma platys, Ehrlichia canis and Rickettsia helvetica. Among the tested animals, one dog from Zurich tested positive for 'Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis'. The 12-year old West Highland white terrier had been splenectomized 3 months prior to the blood collection and presented with polyuria/polydipsia. Fanconi syndrome was diagnosed based on glucosuria with normoglycemia and hyperaminoaciduria. A. platys and E. canis were detected in 14/249 dogs from Sicily and Portugal; two of the dogs were coinfected with both agents. Four Swiss foxes tested positive for A. phagocytophilium. R. helvetica was detected for the first time in a red fox. In conclusion, 'Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis' infection should be considered in sick dogs, particularly when immunocompromised. The pathogen seems not to be widespread in Canidae in the investigated countries. Conversely, other Anaplasmataceae were more readily detected in dogs and foxes

GROUPING PRACTICES AND PROCEDURES IN JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SOCIAL STUDIES

Abstract not availabl

Letter to H.B. Stenzel from Fred E. Joekel on 1941-07-15

Jackson School of Geoscience

Letter to H.B. Stenzel from Fred E. Joekel on 1941-06-17

Jackson School of Geoscience

Postpartal klinisch manifeste alveoläre Echinokokkose bei einer Hündin

Die Entwicklung des Fuchsbandwurms Echinococcus multilocularis findet typischerweise im Fuchs (Endwirt) und in Wühlmäusen (Zwischenwirte) statt. Hunde können ebenfalls als Endwirte fungieren und selten ist der Hund Fehlwirt mit einer manifestierten alveolären Echinokokkose (AE) hauptsächlich in der Leber. Dieser Fallbericht beschreibt eine klinisch manifeste AE bei einer 3-jährigen Hündin, die 5 Wochen post partum mit Inappetenz und Apathie vorgestellt wurde. Radiologisch waren weichteildichte, teilweise mineralisierte Umfangsvermehrungen zu befunden, die sich sonographisch als kavernös und flüssigkeitsgefüllt darstellten. Intra operationem zeigte sich eine multifokal generalisierte zystische Veränderung der Leber mit Metastasierung in das Omentum. Aufgrund der hochgradigen Veränderungen wurde die Hündin euthanasiert. Histopathologisch ließen sich neben der für E. multilocularis typischen Laminarschicht vereinzelnd Protoskolizes-Anschnitte darstellen. Die spezifische PCR zum Nachweis von E. multilocularis ergab einen positiven Befund. Nach bestem Wissen der Autorinnen ist bislang kein Fallbericht einer postpartal klinisch manifesten AE beim Hund beschrieben. Die Trächtigkeit könnte den progressiven Verlauf der Erkrankung begünstigt haben

Responses of python gastrointestinal regulatory peptides to feeding

In the Burmese python (Python molurus), the rapid up-regulation of gastrointestinal (GI) function and morphology after feeding, and subsequent down-regulation on completing digestion, are expected to be mediated by GI hormones and neuropeptides. Hence, we examined postfeeding changes in plasma and tissue concentrations of 11 GI hormones and neuropeptides in the python. Circulating levels of cholecystokinin (CCK), glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP), glucagon, and neurotensin increase by respective factors of 25-, 6-, 6-, and 3.3-fold within 24 h after feeding. In digesting pythons, the regulatory peptides neurotensin, somatostatin, motilin, and vasoactive intestinal peptide occur largely in the stomach, GIP and glucagon in the pancreas, and CCK and substance P in the small intestine. Tissue concentrations of CCK, GIP, and neurotensin decline with feeding. Tissue distributions and molecular forms (as determined by gel-permeation chromatography) of many python GI peptides are similar or identical to those of their mammalian counterparts. The postfeeding release of GI peptides from tissues, and their concurrent rise in plasma concentrations, suggests that they play a role in regulating python-digestive responses. These large postfeeding responses, and similarities of peptide structure with mammals, make pythons an attractive model for studying GI peptides