Going Home: Tille Double-Edged Sword: The Paradox of Family Among Women Drug Users in Hawai'i

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Benson Tong. Unsubmissive Women: Chinese Prostitutes in Nineteenth Century San Francisco. Norman and London: University of Oklahoma Press, 1994. xix, 203 pp. Hardcover $24.95, isbn 0-8061-2653-1.

Book reviewIn lieu of an abstract, here is a brief excerpt of the content: Notes 1. Making Waves: An Anthology of Writings by and about Asian American Women is a collection of essays edited by Asian Women United of California, and published by Beacon Press (1989). Sucheng Chan's article appears in Entry Denied: Exclusion and the Chinese Community in America, 1882-1943 (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1991), pp. 94-146. 2. One of the most impressive studies on Chinese immigrant women can be found in Lucie Cheng Hirata's 'Free, Indentured, Enslaved: Chinese Prostitutes in Nineteenth Century America,' Signs (Autumn 1979): 3-29. Tong's research moves in a different direction from Hirata's work, as his efforts are concerned with the women's experiences rather than the economic consequences of Chinese prostitution. 3. Tong notes that section 16 of the Civil Rights Act of 1870 mandated the right to testify in court. [Abstract from Project MUSE]published_or_final_versio

Trafficking of Mainland Chinese Women Into Hong Kong's Sex Industry: Problems of Identification and Response

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What’s Sex (Composition) Got to Do with It? The Importance of Sex Composition of Gangs for Female and Male Members’ Offending and Victimization

Sex composition of groups has been theorized in organizational sociology and found in prior work to structure female and male members’ behaviors and experiences. Peer group and gang literature similarly finds that the sex gap in offending varies across groups of differing sex ratios. Drawing on this and other research linking gang membership, offending, and victimization, we examine whether sex composition of gangs is linked to sex differences in offending in this sample, further assess whether sex composition similarly structures females’ and males’ victimization experiences, and if so, why. Self-report data from gang members in a multi-site, longitudinal study of 3,820 youths are employed. Results support previous findings about variations in member delinquency by both sex and sex composition of the gang and also indicate parallel variations in members’ victimization. These results are further considered within the context of facilitating effects such as gender dynamics, gang characteristics, and normative orientation

Participants' experiences of ketamine bladder syndrome: a qualitative study

The aim of this study is to explore recreational ketamine users’ experiences of ketamine bladder syndrome (KBS) and related health care provision issues. KBS is an emerging condition caused by chronic, recreational ketamine use, which can result in extensive, irreparable damage to the bladder and urinary tract. However, little is yet known about how patients are personally affected by the condition, their help seeking behaviour or experiences of related health care services. A qualitative study, informed by Heideggerian hermeneutics was undertaken. Twelve participants affected by KBS were purposively recruited into the study from an National Health Service (NHS) continence service and a drug support agency in South Wales, UK. Data were collected through recorded, semi‐structured interviews and analysed using a three‐step approach. Participants were predominantly younger, poly‐drug users and typically developed KBS following prolonged, habitual ketamine use. The effects of KBS were considerable and included incontinence, haematuria, profound abdominal pain and embarrassment and were exacerbated by delays in help seeking, disjointed medical care and on‐going ketamine use, which was integral to the self‐management of KBS pain. KBS has significant impact on those affected and can result in extensive, irreversible damage to the bladder and urinary tract. The condition, and its management, is further compounded by chronic poly‐drug use, chaotic lifestyles and a range of complex, related co‐morbidities, which require a collaborative, multi‐disciplinary approach. Anderson's behavioural model of health services use provides an appropriate framework for better understanding help seeking/avoidance behaviour in this cohort, which can help inform clinical practice

Use of ecstasy and other psychoactive substances among school-attending adolescents in Taiwan: national surveys 2004–2006

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>With the backdrop of a global ecstasy epidemic, this study sought to examine the trend, correlates, and onset sequence of ecstasy use among adolescents in Taiwan, where a well-established gateway drug such as marijuana is much less popular.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A multistage probability survey of school-attending adolescents in grades 7, 9, 10, and 12, aged 11–19 years, was conducted in 2004, 2005, and 2006. A self-administered anonymous questionnaire elicited response rates ranging from 94.3% to 96.6%. The sample sizes were 18232 respondents in 2004, 17986 in 2005, and 17864 in 2006.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In terms of lifetime prevalence and incidence, ecstasy and ketamine by and large appeared as the first and second commonly used illegal drugs, respectively, among middle (grades 7 and 9) and high school students (grades 10 and 12) during the 3-year survey period; however, this order was reversed in the middle school-aged students starting in 2006. Having sexual experience, tobacco use, and betel nut use were factors consistently associated with the onset of ecstasy use across years. The majority of ecstasy users had been involved in polydrug use, such as the use of ketamine (41.4%–53.5%), marijuana (12.7%–18.7%), and methamphetamine (4.2%–9.5%).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>From 2004 to 2006, a decline was noted in the prevalence and incidence rate of ecstasy, a leading illegal drug used by school-attending adolescents in Taiwan since the early 2000s. The emerging ketamine use trend may warrant more attention in the future.</p

Trends in Illicit Use and Controls of Amphetamine Type Stimulants: The Case of Hong Kong

In the early 1990s, the United Nations Drug Control Program [now renamed to the United Nations Office for Drug Control and Crime Prevention (UNODCCP)] reported that amphetamine type stimulant (ATS) use including amphetamine, methamphetamine, and 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or ecstasy) was steadily increasing (1996). The rise in ATS use, first noticeable in North America, Europe, and the Far East, became a global phenomenon by the latter 1990s (UNODCCP, 2002a). This global trend shows no signs of slowing in the 21st century given prevalence estimates. The global annual prevalence of ATS abuse is estimated at 0.8% of the population over 15 years of age or 33.4 million users (UNODCCP, 2002b). One of the most pressing aspects of the increase in ATS use is its concentration in Asia. Currently, two-thirds of the 33.4 million users are in the Asia region. With over 80% of the global ATS seizures concentrated in Asia, China being the main ATS source in the region, there are no indications of a decline in the near future. Within the Asia region, the trends are indeed worrying. Although Japan s association with methamphetamines dates back to World War II, many other Asian countries have recently witnessed dramatic increases in ATS consumption including the Philippines, Indonesia, Myanmar, Thailand, Hong Kong, and mainland China (Laidler, 2002; UNODCCP, 2002b). The Philippines has experienced one of the largest growing methamphetamine problems in Asia in the last ten years. Arrest and accredited treatment center data indicate that over 80% of users report methamphetamine as their primary drug (Philippines Dangerous Drugs Board, 2001). In Manila alone, its use is eight times higher than in the United States (UNODCCP, 2000). Of particular urgency is the dramatic rise in ATS consumption in countries that have had a longstanding association with opiate use. Thailand s heroin epidemics shifted in the 1990s such that methamphetamine use currently represents the most serious drug abuse problem (Poshyachinda, Srisurapanont, & Perngparn, 1999). Similarly, Hong Kong has had a long history with opiates, dating back to the 1800s. This pattern has shifted in the last few years so rapidly that Hong Kong has been identified as experiencing one of the largest rises internationally (UNODCCP, 2002b). This shift to stimulant use represents important challenges for the control and treatment of drug use as the production, distribution, use, and consequences of heroin are significantly different from ATS. In order to understand the challenges in dealing with this shift, this article examines the trends of use, sales, and law enforcement in Hong Kong. The data for this discussion draw from research conducted for the UNODCCP and United Nations Interregional Crime and Justice Research Institute (UNICRI) study on the global drug market and a study on the marketplace of dance drugs

Globalisation, Drugs and the Stimulant Society

Think global. Act local. The interactive process of globalization and community has become embedded in our everyday life.link_to_OA_fulltex