40 research outputs found
In situ deposition of M(M=Zn; Ni; Co)-MOF-74 over structured carriers for cyclohexene oxidation : spectroscopic and microscopic characterisation
Microstructured reactor as a pre-turbo catalytic converter
The idea of a structured catalytic converter
placed immediately after engine exhaust valves, thus
operating on high gas temperature and velocity, is
explored. The assumption is that major part of the reactor
operates in the entry region where Nusselt and Sherwood
numbers are highly enhanced. In this work, flow resistances
as well as heat and mass transfer coefficients were studied
for gas velocities exceeding 50 m/s. Consequently, the
transition range (between laminar and turbulent flows) was
reached. The comparison with classic monolith has shown
significant improvement in heat or mass transfer paid by
slight increase in flow resistance
Less is more: possibility and necessity as centres of gravity in a usage-based classification of core modals in Polish
In this paper we present the results of an empirical study into the cognitive reality of existing classifications of modality using Polish data. We analyzed random samples of 250 independent observations for the 7 most frequent modal words (móc, można, musieć, należy, powinien, trzeba, wolno), extracted from the Polish national corpus. Observations were annotated for modal type according to a number of classifications, including van der Auwera and Plungian (1998), as well as for morphological, syntactic and semantic properties using the Behavioral Profiling approach (Divjak and Gries 2006). Multiple correspondence analysis and (polytomous) regression models were used to determine how well modal type and usage align. These corpus-based findings were validated experimentally. In a forced choice task, naive native speakers were exposed to definitions and prototypical examples of modal types or functions, then labeled a number of authentic corpus sentences accordingly. In the sorting task, naive native speakers sorted authentic corpus sentences into semantically coherent groups. We discuss the results of our empirical study as well as the issues involved in building usage-based accounts on traditional linguistic classifications