Zdravstvene profesije i promocija zdravlja: izazovi za zdravlje i dobrobit vrhunskih sportaša

Background: promotion of health is the fundamental strategy for controlling risk factors of unhealthy lifestyle and consequently improving health of individuals and society. Health professions play a leading role in this process. Aim: the purpose of our empirical study was to gain an insight of the role of health professions in health and wellbeing of elite athletes. The research was based on the empirical qualitative phenomenological approach, wherein we examined life experiences of best female gymnasts and their participation in this elite sport. Methods: semi-structured interviews were carried out on a sample of 37 female gymnasts (26 active, 11 retired) and four of their coaches. Interview transcripts were analysed by the qualitative content analysis method. Results: results showed that the process of participating in elite female gymnastics has consequences on the gymnast’s physical and mental health, it affects the abuse of painkillers, lack of education, sacrifices, and negative behavioural patterns in adulthood after finishing a sports career. The stated consequences are generated by verbal and physical violence of coaches, interests of the society over the interests of the athlete, and no professional nor personal support during training and competition. These experience of gymnasts were confirmed by the opinions of their coaches. Conclusion: the study provided important insights in the possibility of new quality approaches to the development of talented children in elite sports, in order to avoid possible risk factors and to ensure safety, health and wellbeing of every child.Uvod: promocija zdravlja temeljna je strategija s pomoću koje se mogu kontrolirati faktori rizika za nezdravi način života, a time ujedno poboljšati zdravlje pojedinca i društva. U tom procesu zdravstvene profesije imaju vodeću ulogu. Cilj: svrha našeg empirijskog istraživanja bila je uvid u ulogu koju zdravstvene profesije imaju u očuvanju zdravlja i dobrobiti elitnih sportaša. Istraživanje se temeljilo na empirijskom fenomenološko-kvalitativnom pristupu, pri čemu smo ispitivali životna iskustva najboljih gimnastičarki i njihovo sudjelovanje u ovom elitnom sportu. Metode: polustrukturirani intervjui provedeni su na uzorku od 37 gimnastičarki (26 aktivnih, 11 umirovljenih gimnastičarki) i njihova četiri trenera. Transkripcije intervjua analizirane su metodom kvalitativne analize sadržaja. Rezultati: rezultati su pokazali da sudjelovanje u elitnoj ženskoj gimnastici ima posljedice na fizičko i mentalno zdravlje gimnastičarki te može uzrokovati zlouporabu lijekova protiv bolova, nedostatak obrazovanja, određene žrtve i negativne obrasce ponašanja u odrasloj dobi nakon završetka sportske karijere. Navedene posljedice također su uzrokovane verbalnim i fizičkim nasiljem trenera, interesom društva koje je važnije od interesa sportaša i nedostatkom stručne i osobne podrške za vrijeme treniranja i natjecanja. Takva iskustva gimnastičarki potvrdili su i sami treneri. Zaključak: istraživanje je omogućilo značajan uvid u mogućnost novih kvalitetnijih pristupa razvoju darovite djece u elitnim sportovima, kako bi se izbjegli mogući faktori rizika i kako bi se osigurala sigurnost, zdravlje i dobrobit svakog djeteta

Ethische Aspekte der Gesundheit und des Wohlbefindens junger Elitesportler. Konzeptionelle und normative Fragen

Sport i fizička aktivnost nude osjetljivo okruženje u kojemu se ističu vrijednosti čovječnosti, ljudskih prava, empatije i ferpleja. Međutim, istovremeno natjecateljska priroda sporta i interes za pobjeđivanje pod svaku cijenu predstavlja rizik štete, posebno za mlade predadolescentske atletičare. Stoga se javlja potreba za utvrđivanjem glavnih etičkih koncepcijskih i normativnih problema u vrhunskom sportu mladih. Naš kritički pregled mogućih faktora rizika i empirijskih pronalazaka u djelomično strukturiranim dubinskim intervjuima s četiri vrhunska trenera gimnastike pokazala su da su uspjesi djece u sportu rezultat višestrukih faktora poticanih glavnom silom etike maksimuma. Intrinzična motivacija gimnastičara, zadovoljstvo bavljenje sportom, ustrajni predan rad, rani početak i uloga roditelja ključni su za uspjeh. Međutim, moralnost trenera kao odražavatelja društvenih vrijednosti trebalo bi ubuduće pomno razmotriti.Sport and physical activities offer a sensitive environment where the values of humanity, human rights, empathy and fair play come to the fore. However, at the same time the competition nature of sport and the interest of winning at any cost represent a risks of harm, especially for young preadolescent athletes. Therefore, the need arises to identify the main ethical conceptual and normative issues of the top youth sport. Our critical review of possible risk factors and empirical findings of semi structured in-depth interviews with four top-level gymnastics’ coaches showed that achievements of children in sport are the result of multiple factors driven by the main force of the ethics of maximum behind. Gymnasts’ intrinsic motivation, pleasure to sport, persistent hard work, start at early age, and the role of parents are essential for success. However, the morality of the coach as a reflection of society values should be carefully considered in the future.Élever un enfant en accord avec des normes éthiques rigoureuses est l’objectif de toute éducation et de chaque parent. Le sport et les activités physiques offrent un environnement sensible où les valeurs humaines, les droits humains, l’empathie et le fair-play sont mis au premier plan. Cependant, la nature compétitive du sport et l’intérêt pour une victoire à n’importe quel prix présentent un risque de préjudice, spécialement pour les jeunes athlètes préadolescents. Ainsi émerge le besoin d’identifier les conceptions éthiques majeures et les problèmes normatifs dans le sport de haut niveau chez les jeunes. Notre examen critique des possibles facteurs à risques et les résultats empiriques des entretiens semi structurés et approfondis réalisés auprès de quatre entraîneurs de gymnastes de haut niveau ont montré que la réussite des enfants dans le sport est le résultat de multiples facteurs qui découlent de la principale force de l’éthique à conduire le sportif à son maximum. La motivation intrinsèque des gymnastes, la plaisir du sport, le travail assidu, les débuts à un âge précoce et le rôle des parents sont essentiels pour le succès. Cependant, la morale de l’entraîneur comme reflet des valeurs de la société devrait à l’avenir être considérée avec soin.Ein Kind gemäß den hohen ethischen Grundsätzen aufzuziehen ist das Ziel jeglicher Erziehung und Erwartung eines jeden Elternteils. Sport und körperliche Aktivitäten bieten ein sensibles Umfeld, in dem die Werte der Menschlichkeit, Menschenrechte, Empathie und des Fair Play in den Vordergrund rücken. Gleichzeitig stellen aber die Wettbewerbsnatur des Sports und das Interesse, um jeden Preis zu gewinnen, ein Schadensrisiko dar, namentlich für junge voradoleszente Sportler. Daher besteht die Notwendigkeit, die wichtigsten ethischen konzeptionellen und normativen Probleme des Spitzensports bei Jugendlichen zu identifizieren. Unsere kritische Überprüfung möglicher Risikofaktoren und der empirischen Befunde der halbstrukturierten Tiefeninterviews mit vier Spitzenturnen-Trainern zeigte, dass die Leistungen von Kindern im Sport das Ergebnis mehrerer Faktoren sind, die von der dahinter liegenden Hauptkraft der Ethik des Maximums getrieben werden. Die intrinsische Motivation der Turner, die Freude am Sport, die anhaltende harte Arbeit, der Start im frühen Alter und die Rolle der Eltern sind ausschlaggebend für den Erfolg. Die Moralität des Trainers als Spiegelbild gesellschaftlicher Werte sollte jedoch in Zukunft sorgfältig abgewogen werden

Zaznavanje strategij pouka med učenci in učitelji v osnovni šoli

The quality of educational work is inextricably linked to many factors at the system, school, teacher, and student levels. This research was carried out within the project \u27Education of Teachers as a Factor of Providing High-quality Life-long Learning in the Learning Society/The Society of Fast Socio-economic Changes and Unsure Future\u27, funded by the Slovenian Research Agency. This paper provides a basic overview of the characteristics of open instruction, an umbrella term that combines active and learner-centred didactic strategies. The empirical section focuses on the use of didactic strategies. The survey was carried out with 1,536 primary school [1] pupils in Grades 7 and 9 and 263 of their teachers. Both pupils and teachers cited problem-based learning and research-based learning as the most commonly used didactic strategies, while project-based learning was the least frequently used. Despite the agreement on the most and least frequently used didactic strategies, there are statistically significant differences between pupils\u27 and teachers\u27 perceptions of all selected didactic strategies. Teachers reported that they used these strategies more often than was perceived by their pupils. The authors also found a statistically significant impact of better learning performance on the perception of certain didactic strategies. The results of the study raise new research questions, especially in the design of more detailed analyses of the use of didactic strategies in pedagogical practice. [1] Slovenian basic education lasts nine years. Students enter primary school at the age of 6 and complete it at the age of 15. (DIPF/Orig.

2 x Lugones com Sade

O objetivo deste texto é registrar e desdobrar uma singular reincidência na obra de César Aira, a dupla aparição do espectro do escritor Leopoldo Lugones (1874-1938), suplementado em ambas as ocasiões pelo Marquês de Sade. Trata-se de duas abordagens absolutamente distintas do autor de Lunario sentimental e La guerra gaucha, feitas por Aira em 1985 e 1990: a primeira – breve, biográfica, destrutiva – no Diccionario de autores latinoamericanos; a segunda – longa, patética e divertida – em Lugones, ficção em torno do escritor argentino no dia de seu suicídio. Ambas são concluídas com referências a Sade em semelhante e diferente repetição, capaz de fundir vida e obra, experiência e ficção, de modo sarcástico e violento

Dramaturgia - Do fundo do poço se vê a lua.

Entrevista com Joca Terro

THE STATUS OF WATER, SANITATION AND HYGIENE IN HEALTH CARE FACILITIES IN THE WHO EUROPEAN REGION

Adequate water, sanitation, and hygiene (WaSH) infrastructure is an essential component of effective healthcare facilities (HCF). However, researchers have not adequately studied the status of WaSH in HCF in the World Health Organization European Region (WHO Euro). A systematic literature review and a qualitative questionnaire were used to begin characterization of WaSH in HCF in WHO Euro. The review revealed common deficiencies in WaSH, disease outcomes and cost implications of deficient WaSH, disease reservoirs in HCFs, and effective infection management (IM) techniques. The questionnaire provided an understanding of the legal framework, implementation strategies, and monitoring structures that allow for the adequate provision of WaSH in HCF. The two components of the project revealed significant gaps between knowledge and practice. Future policies should address these gaps: adequate WaSH to improve IM, enhanced treatment of hospital waste, and the impact of emerging issues (e.g. AMR, Legionella, and climate change resiliency) in HCFs.Master of Science in Public Healt

Um estrangeiro em família: ser surdo como diferença linguística

Os surdos, por muitos anos, foram submetidos à cultura ouvinte, que seguia a perspectiva médica, com a visão de serem “deficientes” e que algo lhes faltava e por isso o obrigavam a falar. Neste estudo, pretende-se apresentar uma leitura da condição surda para além dessa perspectiva médica. Ao tomar a família como copartícipe da cultura ouvinte, o estudo partiu do questionamento: “como a família inibe e ou potencializa o sujeito surdo em sua cultura?” E, em busca de respostas, objetivou averiguar que influência a família tem na constituição do sujeito surdo, na cultura surda. Desse modo, a investigação parte do pressuposto que havia a cultura ouvinte e a cultura surda, as quais atravessavam a relação do surdo e família. Com isso, para realização do estudo, optou-se por uma pesquisa qualitativa que recorreu às metodologias participativas e às orientações etnográficas, como forma de alcançar os discursos do surdo e obter dados sobre seu mundo e sua cultura. Como técnica complementar, recorreu-se ao grupo focal, a fim de obter dados mais aprofundados sobre esse sujeito e sua cultura, através dos surdos e de seus familiares. Além disso, o estudo teve como referencial teórico autores da Abordagem Centrada na Pessoa, da cultura, da cultura surda e da família – Gaylin, Laborit Minuchin, Rogers, Sacks, Skliar, Quadros, Strobel, Wagner entre outros. E, para análise dos dados, fez-se uso do Nvivo como instrumento auxiliar com a proposta de elencar as categorias. Finalmente, os resultados revelaram que há significativa diferença na forma como a família e o surdo se percebem; que a família reflete o que a cultura ouvinte impõe ao surdo e que isso pode levar a rigidez de postura e de percepção do surdo como um ser incapacitante. Por outro lado, se houver aceitação incondicional, a tendência é o desenvolvimento e autonomia do sujeito surdo. A partir de então, percebe-se a relevância deste estudo por contribuir com a compreensão de uma população tão peculiar e gerar literatura com a temática do surdo e a família, a qual se apresenta de forma escassa