Entreprises multinationales et représentation des salariés en Europe (l'expérience des comités d'entreprise européens)

À partir de l analyse lexicale d un corpus de 625 accords instituant des comités d entreprise européens (CEE) et d enquêtes monographiques sur l expérience de ces nouvelles instances d information et de consultation des salariés, cette thèse de sociologie étudie l institutionnalisation du dialogue social transnational dans les entreprises multinationales opérant en Europe. Pour ce faire, elle examine : 1) sa genèse et sa promotion, au niveau international dès les années 1960-1970, puis au niveau communautaire où, à partir des années 1990, le développement des CEE combine de façon originale encadrement législatif et recours à la négociation ; 2) les enjeux, notamment cognitifs, liés à sa construction, dans laquelle les CEE sont pris entre logique de représentation et logique d action ; 3) ses mobilisations enfin, en particulier dans les situations de restructurations, qui contribuent à l européanisation et au renouvellement des pratiques syndicales et des ressorts de l action collective.This work is based on the lexical analysis of some 625 European Works Councils agreements and on several case studies of the experience of these new structures dedicated to the information and the consultation of European employees. Thus, we study the institutionalisation of transnational social dialogue in multinational companies operating in Europe. Firstly, we examine the way this dialogue emerged and was promoted at an international level as early as the 1960s-1970s, and then at the EU level, where since the mid-1990s the development of EWCs has rested on innovative legislative and bargaining arrangements. Secondly, we focus on the set up of this dialogue to study its cognitive dimension and the tension between representation and action that characterises it. Finally, we look at how this dialogue is mobilised by social actors, especially in case of industrial restructuring: this shows how union practices and collective action are currently being Europeanised and reconfigured.NANTERRE-BU PARIS10 (920502102) / SudocSudocFranceF

L'emploi en débat ? Dynamiques de l'action syndicale dans les entreprises en restructuration

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Dialoguer plus, mais sur quoi ? Les régulations d’entreprise en matière d’emploi, de formation et de conditions de travail en temps de crise

National audienceThe article draws on data from the 2004-2005 and 2010-2011 REPONSE surveys into professional relations and branch-level bargaining and full-length studies of fifteen French businesses characterised by a range of labour-management relations. Its initial premise is based on an observation that may seem paradoxical: social dialogue within the companies increased in times of economic crisis. It explores the meaning and scope of the increase, which arose in part as a result of developments in so-called “administered” bargaining, analysing the process by which employment relation regulations are currently undergoing reconfiguration. It demonstrates how the increased difficulty in opening up employment matters for debate in times of economic crisis leads to a partial repositioning and increasing investment in issues surrounding working conditions. This contrasts with the commitment to training, which, though standard, is rarely considered strategically.À partir des données des enquêtes « Relations professionnelles et négociations d’entreprise » (REPONSE) 2004-2005 et 2010-2011 et d’enquêtes monographiques réalisées dans quinze établissements français aux relations sociales contrastées, cet article part du constat, à première vue paradoxal dans un contexte de crise, d’une intensification du dialogue social au niveau de l’entreprise. Interrogeant le sens et la portée de cette intensification, en partie liée aux développements de la « négociation administrée », il analyse les recompositions actuelles des régulations de la relation d’emploi. Nous montrons ainsi comment la difficulté accrue à mettre en débat les questions d’emploi observée face à la crise conduit à un repositionnement partiel et à un investissement croissant autour des enjeux de conditions de travail, qui contraste avec une implication routinière mais rarement stratégique sur la formation

Human U1 snRNA forms a new chromatin-associated snRNP with TAF15.

International audienceThe U1 small nuclear RNA (snRNA)--in the form of the U1 spliceosomal Sm small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle (snRNP) that contains seven Sm and three U1-specific RNP proteins-has a crucial function in the recognition and removal of pre-messenger RNA introns. Here, we show that a fraction of human U1 snRNA specifically associates with the nuclear RNA-binding protein TBP-associated factor 15 (TAF15). We show that none of the known protein components of the spliceosomal U1-Sm snRNP interacts with the newly identified U1-TAF15 snRNP. In addition, the U1-TAF15 snRNP tightly associates with chromatin in an RNA-dependent manner and accumulates in nucleolar caps upon transcriptional inhibition. The Sm-binding motif of U1 snRNA is essential for the biogenesis of both U1-Sm and U1-TAF15 snRNPs, suggesting that the U1-TAF15 particle is produced by remodelling of the U1-Sm snRNP. A demonstration that human U1 snRNA forms at least two structurally distinct snRNPs supports the idea that the U1 snRNA has many nuclear functions

Renin angiotensin aldosterone system altered in resistant hypertension in Sub-Saharan African diabetes patients without evidence of primary hyperaldosteronism

Background The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system may be altered in patients with resistant hypertension. This study aimed to evaluate the relation between renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activity and resistant hypertension in Cameroonian diabetes patients with resistant hypertension. Methods We carried out a case-control study including 19 diabetes patients with resistant hypertension and 19 diabetes patients with controlled hypertension matched to cases according to age, sex and duration of hypertension since diagnosis. After collection of data, fasting blood was collected for measurement of sodium, potassium, chloride, active renin and plasma aldosterone of which the aldosterone-renin ratio was derived to assess the activity of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Then, each participant received 2000 ml infusion of saline solution after which plasma aldosterone was re-assayed. Results Potassium levels were lower among cases compared to controls (mean: (4.10 ± 0.63 mmol/l vs. 4.47 ± 0.58 mmol/l), though nonsignificant (p = 0.065). Active renin, plasma aldosterone both before and after the dynamic test and aldosterone-renin ratio were comparable between cases and controls (all p values > 0.05). Plasma aldosterone significantly decreased after the dynamic test in both groups (p 280 pmol/l. We found a significant negative correlation between potassium ion and plasma aldosterone (ρ = −0.324; p  = 0.047), the other correlations being weak and unsignificant. Conclusion Although this study failed to show an association between RH and primary hyperaldosteronism in our context, there was a hyperactivity of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Moreover, this study confirms the importance of potassium dosage when screening the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

Prospective, multicenter, controlled study of quality of life, psychological adjustment process and medical outcomes of patients receiving a preemptive kidney transplant compared to a similar population of recipients after a dialysis period of less than three years – The PreKit-QoL study protocol

International audienceBackground: Treatment of end stage renal disease has an impact on patients' physical and psychological health, including quality of life (QoL). Nowadays, it is known that reducing the dialysis period has many advantages regarding QoL and medical outcomes. Although preemptive transplantation is the preferred strategy to prevent patients undergoing dialysis, its psychological impact is unknown. Moreover, transplantation can be experienced in a completely different manner among patients who were on dialysis and those who still had a functioning kidney at the time of surgery. Longitudinal data are often collected to allow analyzing the evolution of patients' QoL over time using questionnaires. Such data are often difficult to interpret due to the patients' changing standards, values, or conceptualization of what the questionnaire is intended to measure (e.g. QoL). This phenomenon is referred to as response shift and is often linked to the way the patients might adapt or cope with their disease experience. Whether response shift is experienced in a different way among patients who were on dialysis and those who still had a functioning kidney at time of surgery is unknown and will be studied in the PreKit-QoL study (trial registration number: NCT02154815). Understanding the psychological impact of pre-emptive transplantation is an important issue since it can be associated with long-term patient and graft survival

Assessment of remifentanil for rapid sequence induction and intubation in patients at risk of pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents compared to rapid-onset paralytic agents: study protocol for a non-inferiority simple blind randomized controlled trial (the REMICRUSH study)

International audienceAbstract Background Rapid-onset paralytic agents are recommended to achieve muscle relaxation and facilitate tracheal intubation during rapid sequence induction in patients at risk of pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents. However, opioids are frequently used in this setting. The study’s objective is to demonstrate the non-inferiority of remifentanil compared to rapid-onset paralytic agents, in association with an hypnotic drug, for tracheal intubation in patients undergoing procedure under general anesthesia and at risk of pulmonary aspiration of gastric contents. Methods The REMICRUSH (Remifentanil for Rapid Sequence Induction of Anaesthesia) study is a multicenter, single-blinded, non-inferiority randomized controlled trial comparing remifentanil (3 to 4 μg/kg) with rapid-onset paralytic agents (succinylcholine or rocuronium 1 mg/kg) for rapid sequence induction in 1150 adult surgical patients requiring tracheal intubation during general anesthesia. Enrolment started in October 2019 in 15 French anesthesia units. The expected date of the final follow-up is October 2021. The primary outcome is the proportion of successful tracheal intubation without major complications. A non-inferiority margin of 7% was chosen. Analyses of the intent-to-treat and per-protocol populations are planned. Discussion The REMICRUSH trial protocol has been approved by the ethics committee of The Comité de Protection des Personnes Sud-Ouest et Outre-Mer II and will be carried out according to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and the Good Clinical Practice guidelines. The results of this study will be disseminated through presentations at scientific conferences and publications in peer-reviewed journals. The REMICRUSH trial is the first randomized controlled trial powered to investigate whether remifentanil with hypnotics is non-inferior to rapid-onset paralytic agents with hypnotic in rapid sequence induction of anesthesia for full stomach patients considering successful tracheal intubation without major complication. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03960801. Registered on May 23, 2019

Assessment of Factors Associated With Community-Acquired Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase–Producing <i>Escherichia coli</i> Urinary Tract Infections in France

International audienceIMPORTANCE Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli is considered a leading pathogen contributing to the global burden of antimicrobial resistance. OBJECTIVE To better understand factors associated with the heterogeneity of community-acquired ESBL-producing E coli urinary tract infections (UTIs) in France. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cross-sectional study performed from January 1 to December 31, 2021, was based on data collected via PRIMO (Surveillance and Prevention of Antimicrobial Resistance in Primary Care and Nursing Homes), a nationwide clinical laboratory surveillance system in France. Strains of E coli isolated from community urine samples from January 1 to December 31, 2019, from 59 administrative departments of metropolitan France were included. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Quasi-Poisson regression models were used to assess the associations between several ecological factors available on government and administration websites between 2010 and 2020 (demographic population structure, living conditions, baseline health care services, antibiotic consumptions, economic indicators, animal farming density, and environmental characteristics) and the number of ESBL-producing E coli strains isolated from urine samples of individuals with community-acquired UTI in 2019