Foraging pattern and harvesting of resources of subterranean stingless bee Geotrigona subterranea (Friese, 1901) (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini)

Flight activity of bees is influenced both by environmental factors and by internal condition of the colonies. Information about external activity of bees is very important, because it provides data of the species biology, supplying subsidies for the use of these insects in the pollination of crops. The present work aim to evaluate the flight activity of Geotrigona subterranea (Friese, 1901) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in natural environment. This study was performed on the Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais, in the municipality Januária, Minas Gerais State. Two natural nests were observed. The activities of bees of the colonies were recorded three days each month, during the period of December 2011 to November 2012, totaling 924 observations. It was recorded the number of bees leaving and entering the nest, and the type of material transported by them for ten minutes each hour from 5 a.m. to 7 p.m. The bees entered the colony carrying pollen, resin, detritus and also without apparent material. The bees began external activities by 6 a.m. at 20°C and finished at 6 p.m. at 28.8°C. The peak of activity of G. subterranea occurs on schedule from 1 to 2 p.m. Even though G. subterranea makes their nests in underground, their foraging activities are very similar to others stingless bee species that usually nest on tree cavities or aerial places. This indicate that despite their particular nesting way the external factors as climatic ones will significantly modulate their foraging pattern in a daily and seasonal way

Investigação de sequências didáticas para o ensino de Agroecologia

In this study, two didactic sequences on Agroecology were elaborated, tested and evaluated in the classroom. Those sequences were based on Design Research approach, and the related lesson plans covered science-based texts, the contextualization of the content with the students’ lives, cooperative and peer learning processes and so on. The classes resulted in positive outcomes related to the design principles regarding student motivation and content learning, especially on processes and agroecological production models. However, even though some students had to conduct research to legitimize their opinions, they remained resistant to changes of understanding, especially in relation to the true contributions of the Green Revolution. This suggests that the design principles used should focus more on the reflection and collective interpretation of data in class.Nesta pesquisa foram elaboradas, testadas e avaliadas em sala de aula, duas sequências didáticas destinadas ao ensino de Agroecologia. Preparadas com base na abordagem de Design Research, os planos de aula incluíram uso de textos com informações de base científica, contextualização dos conteúdos em relação ao cotidiano dos estudantes, processo coletivo e cooperativo de aprendizagem, entre outros. A intervenção mostrou efeitos positivos em relação aos princípios de design quanto à motivação dos estudantes e à aprendizagem de conteúdos, sobretudo quanto aos processos e linhas de produção agroecológica. Porém, alguns estudantes, ainda que tivessem que realizar pesquisas para legitimar suas opiniões, permaneceram resistentes às mudanças de entendimento, especialmente em relação às verdadeiras contribuições da Revolução Verde. Isso indica que os princípios de design utilizados devem dar mais foco para a reflexão e interpretação coletiva dos dados em sala de aula

Foraging pattern and harvesting of resources of subterranean stingless bee Geotrigona subterranea (Friese, 1901) (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Meliponini)

ABSTRACT Flight activity of bees is influenced both by environmental factors and by internal condition of the colonies. Information about external activity of bees is very important, because it provides data of the species biology, supplying subsidies for the use of these insects in the pollination of crops. The present work aim to evaluate the flight activity of Geotrigona subterranea (Friese, 1901) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in natural environment. This study was performed on the Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais, in the municipality Januária, Minas Gerais State. Two natural nests were observed. The activities of bees of the colonies were recorded three days each month, during the period of December 2011 to November 2012, totaling 924 observations. It was recorded the number of bees leaving and entering the nest, and the type of material transported by them for ten minutes each hour from 5 a.m. to 7 p.m. The bees entered the colony carrying pollen, resin, detritus and also without apparent material. The bees began external activities by 6 a.m. at 20°C and finished at 6 p.m. at 28.8°C. The peak of activity of G. subterranea occurs on schedule from 1 to 2 p.m. Even though G. subterranea makes their nests in underground, their foraging activities are very similar to others stingless bee species that usually nest on tree cavities or aerial places. This indicate that despite their particular nesting way the external factors as climatic ones will significantly modulate their foraging pattern in a daily and seasonal way

Pollen spectrum of the honey of uruçu bee (Melipona scutellaris Latreille, 1811) (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in the North Coast of Bahia State

Regional-level studies of floral resources used by social bees for honey production can contribute to the improvement of management strategies for bee pastures and colonies, by identifying the most visited flowers and thus characterizing the various geographical origins of honey. The objective of this study was to investigate, through pollen analysis, the types of pollen and nectar sources used by the uruçu bee (Melipona scutellaris L.) in the North Coast of Bahia. Honey samples were taken monthly from five colonies in an apiary from August 2010 to July 2011. Pollen analysis of honey was performed by using the acetolysis method, followed by qualitative and quantitative analysis of pollen grains. Fifty pollen types belonging to 40 genera and 17 families were identified. The results indicate predominance of pollen types belonging to the families Fabaceae and Myrtaceae, which suggests that the bees preferred foraging from trees and shrubs. These plants should be included in regional reforestation projects in order to improve management of this bee species and honey production.