Negative pressure wound therapy as a „bridge” for the final reconstruction of tissue defect following a degloving injury of the forearm – a case report

Degloving injuries are traumatic avulsions usually resulting in large areas of soft tissue defects. The injury involves separation of skin and subcutaneous tissue from fascia and muscles. The complex nature of these injuries requires a patient-oriented multidisciplinary surgical approach and a wide variety of therapeutic options. Negative pressure wound therapy can be of benefit at every stage of the long-lasting treatment. In this paper, we present a case of a 29-year-old male after an occupational accident with a conveyor belt leading to a degloving injury of the right forearm treated in the Department of Plastic Surgery of the Medical University in Gdańsk. The use of NPWT, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, dermal regeneration templates, skin grafting, and early rehabilitation resulted in an excellent functional and aesthetic outcome

Adropin in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Introduction: Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) frequently develop metabolic complications. Among the newly found factors responsible for metabolic disorders, adropin seems to be of a great significance. Material and methods: In total 134 women aged 17–45 years were enrolled. The PCOS group consisted of 73 women, diagnosed on the basis of Executive Committee of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology — American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ESHRE-ASRM) criteria. All PCOS women presented phenotype A of PCOS. The control group consisted of 61 women with regular menstrual cycles, matched for nutritional status. All women underwent anamnesis, physical examination, anthropometric measurements, abdominal and transvaginal ultrasound, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Serum adropin levels were determined by ELISA. Biochemical [fasting glucose and insulin, oral glucose tolerance test, lipid and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG)] and hormonal (testosterone, androstenedione, luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone and oestradiol) measurements were performed. Insulin resistance indices [(Homeostasis Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index (QUICKI), Matsuda] and free androgen index (FAI) were calculated according to the standard formula. Results: Serum adropin levels were lower in the PCOS group (0.475 ± 0.200 vs. 0.541 ± 0.220, p = 0.069), but the results were not statistically significant. Positive correlations among adropin and androstenedione levels were observed in the PCOS group (r = 0.27, p = 0.025). Conclusions: Women with PCOS have a different metabolic profile in comparison to women without this syndrome. We did not observe a statistically significant difference in adropin concentration between the PCOS and the healthy control group. Therefore, more studies regarding adropin in PCOS are needed.

Dual action of dipyridothiazine and quinobenzothiazine derivatives : anticancer and cholinesterase-inhibiting activity

The inverse correlation observed between Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and cancer has prompted us to look for cholinesterase-inhibiting activity in phenothiazine derivatives that possess anticancer properties. With the use of in silico and in vitro screening methods, our study found a new biological activity in anticancer polycyclic, tricyclic, and tetracyclic compounds. The virtual screening of a library of 120 ligands, which are the derivatives of azaphenothiazine, led to the identification of 25 compounds that can act as potential inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE). Biological assays revealed the presence of selective inhibitors of eeAChE (electric eel AChE) or eqBuChE (equine serum BuChE) and nonselective inhibitors of both enzymes among the tested compounds. Their potencies against eeAChE were in a submicromolar-to-micromolar range with $IC_{50}$ values from 0.78 to 19.32 $\mu$M, while their $IC_{50}$ values against eqBuChE ranged from 0.46 to 10.38 $\mu$M. The most potent among the compounds tested was the tetracyclic derivative, 6-(4-diethylaminobut-2-ynyl)-9-methylthioquinobenzothiazine 24, which was capable of inhibiting both enzymes. 9-Fluoro-6-(1-piperidylethyl)quinobenzothiazine 23 was found to act as a selective inhibitor of eqBuChE with an $IC_{50}$ value of 0.46 $\mu$M. Compounds with such a dual antitumor and cholinesterase-inhibitory activity can be considered as a valuable combination for the treatment of both cancer and AD prevention. The results presented in this study might open new directions of research on the group of tricyclic phenothiazine derivatives

Utility of electroencephalography findings in the diagnosis and management of acute encephalitis in children. Case report

Badania neuroelektrofizjologiczne umożliwiają nieinwazyjną ocenę czynności układu nerwowego, pełniąc tym samym istotną rolę w procesie diagnostycznym schorzeń neurologicznych. Elektroencefalografia jest najpowszechniej wykorzystywanym badaniem z tej grupy, mającym przede wszystkim zastosowanie w rozpoznawaniu chorób o charakterze napadowym. Niewątpliwymi zaletami metody są powtarzalność i możliwość porównywania w czasie, co w połączeniu z bezinwazyjnością rozszerza jej zastosowanie o monitorowanie przebiegu choroby. W pracy przedstawiamy opisy trojga pacjentów leczonych w Klinice z powodu zapalenia mózgu, u których wykorzystanie elektroencefalografii miało istotne znaczenie w potwierdzeniu wstępnego rozpoznania i umożliwiło włączenie adekwatnego, intensywnego leczenia.Neuroelectrophysiological tests enable a non-invasive assessment of the nervous system function, thus playing an important role in the diagnostic process of neurological diseases. Electroencephalography is the most commonly used test in this group and primarily applied in the diagnosis of paroxysmal diseases. The undoubted advantages of the method are its repeatability and the possibility of comparison over time, which, combined with non-invasiveness, extends its application to monitoring the course of the disease. In this paper we present descriptions of three patients with diagnosis of encephalitis treated in our Department, for whom the use of electroencephalography was important in confirming the initial diagnosis and enabled the early initiation of adequate, intensive treatment

The Role of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors in PGF_2α-Induced Luteolysis in the Bovine Corpus Luteum

The participation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) in ovarian function in cattle is still not fully understood. The aim of this in vitro study was to determine: (i) the immunolocalization, mRNA expression and tissue concentration of PPARα, PPARδ and PPARγ in the bovine corpus luteum (CL) (n = 40) throughout the estrous cycle, and (ii) the involvement of PPAR in PGF2α-induced processes related to luteolysis. CL (n = 9) explants were cultured in the presence of PPAR antagonists (10−5 M) in combination with or without PGF2α receptor antagonist (10−5 M) and PGF2α (10−6 M). The mRNA and protein expression of PPARs was evaluated through qPCR, IHC, and ELISA, respectively. The results showed that PPAR mRNA and protein expression differed according to the luteal stages. PGF2α upregulated PPARδ and PPARγ mRNA expression in the bovine CL in vitro, whereas PPARγ increased the inhibitory effect of PGF2α by decreasing progesterone secretion and the mRNA expression of hydroxy-delta-5-steroid dehydrogenase, 3 β- and steroid delta-isomerase 1 (HSD3B1) in the CL explants; mRNA transcription of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was increased. The obtained results indicate that the mRNA and protein expression of PPARs changes in the bovine CL throughout the estrous cycle and under the influence of PGF2α. We suggest that isoform γ, among all examined PPARs, could be a factor involved in the regulation of PGF2α-induced processes related to luteolysis in the bovine CL. Further studies are needed to understand the role of PPAR in luteal regression in the CL of cattle

Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of 2-(benzylamino-2-hydroxyalkyl)isoindoline-1,3-diones derivatives as potential disease-modifying multifunctional anti-Alzheimer agents

The complex nature of Alzheimer\u27s disease calls for multidirectional treatment. Consequently, the search for multi-target-directed ligands may lead to potential drug candidates. The aim of the present study is to seek multifunctional compounds with expected activity against disease-modifying and symptomatic targets. A series of 15 drug-like various substituted derivatives of 2-(benzylamino-2-hydroxyalkyl)isoindoline-1,3-diones was designed by modification of cholinesterase inhibitors toward β-secretase inhibition. All target compounds have been synthesized and tested against eel acetylcholinesterase (eeAChE), equine serum butyrylcholinesterase (eqBuChE), human β-secretase (hBACE-1), and β-amyloid (Aβ-aggregation). The most promising compound, 12 (2-(5-(benzylamino)-4-hydroxypentyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione), displayed inhibitory potency against eeAChE (IC$_{50}$ = 3.33 µM), hBACE-1 (43.7% at 50 µM), and Aβ-aggregation (24.9% at 10 µM). Molecular modeling studies have revealed possible interaction of compound 12 with the active sites of both enzymes acetylcholinesterase and β-secretase. In conclusion: modifications of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors led to the discovery of a multipotent anti-Alzheimer\u27s agent, with moderate and balanced potency, capable of inhibiting acetylcholinesterase, a symptomatic target, and disease-modifying targets: β-secretase and Aβ-aggregation

Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of 2-(Benzylamino-2-Hydroxyalkyl)Isoindoline-1,3-Diones Derivatives as Potential Disease-Modifying Multifunctional Anti-Alzheimer Agents

The complex nature of Alzheimer’s disease calls for multidirectional treatment. Consequently, the search for multi-target-directed ligands may lead to potential drug candidates. The aim of the present study is to seek multifunctional compounds with expected activity against disease-modifying and symptomatic targets. A series of 15 drug-like various substituted derivatives of 2-(benzylamino-2-hydroxyalkyl)isoindoline-1,3-diones was designed by modification of cholinesterase inhibitors toward β-secretase inhibition. All target compounds have been synthesized and tested against eel acetylcholinesterase (eeAChE), equine serum butyrylcholinesterase (eqBuChE), human β-secretase (hBACE-1), and β-amyloid (Aβ-aggregation). The most promising compound, 12 (2-(5-(benzylamino)-4-hydroxypentyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione), displayed inhibitory potency against eeAChE (IC50 = 3.33 μM), hBACE-1 (43.7% at 50 μM), and Aβ-aggregation (24.9% at 10 μM). Molecular modeling studies have revealed possible interaction of compound 12 with the active sites of both enzymes—acetylcholinesterase and β-secretase. In conclusion: modifications of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors led to the discovery of a multipotent anti-Alzheimer’s agent, with moderate and balanced potency, capable of inhibiting acetylcholinesterase, a symptomatic target, and disease-modifying targets: β-secretase and Aβ-aggregation

Consumption of raw milk among the inhabitants of the Łódź voivodeship and related health risks

Produkty mleczne stanowią istotny składnik diety człowieka. Spożycie mleka nie poddanego obróbce termicznej lub mikrofiltracji, nie badanego pod kątem mikrobiologicznym i toksykologicznym, może być przyczyną chorób zakaźnych lub zatruć. Infekcje te powodowane są przez bakterie, pierwotniaki i wirusy. Zatrucia natomiast przez toksyny bakteryjne lub pleśni. Zanieczyszczenia mikrobiologiczne mleka mogą pochodzić od zwierząt, ludzi, środowiska, aparatury przemysłowej.. Celem badania było poznanie skali zjawiska spożycia surowego mleka przez mieszkańców woj. łódzkiego oraz ogólna charakterystyka osób spożywających surowe mleko. W badaniu posłużono się metodą ankietową. Kwestionariusz ankiety był udostępniany respondentom w formie papierowej, jak i elektronicznej. Odpowiedzi na pytania pozyskiwano bezpośrednio oraz z wykorzystaniem formularza elektronicznego. Zebrano odpowiedzi od 777 ankietowanych. 19,4% respondentów udzieliło informacji, że spożywało surowe mleko w 2020 r. W tej grupie najliczniejsze były kobiety (62,3%) oraz osoby w wieku 20-29 lat (25,8%) i 40-49 lat (23,2%). 43% respondentów deklarowało posiadanie wykształcenia średniego, a 39,7% wyższego. 80,1% ankietowanych mieszkało w miastach. 75,5% ankietowanych stwierdziło, że spożycie surowego mleka nie stanowi zagrożenia dla zdrowia człowieka. Uzyskane wyniki badań wskazują na niewystarczający poziom wiedzy mieszkańców woj. łódzkiego odnośnie niebezpieczeństw związanych ze spożyciem surowego mleka. W związku z tym uzasadnione byłoby przeprowadzenie kampanii społecznych informujących o tym zagrożeniu.Dairy products are an important component of the human diet. Consumption of milk that has not undergone heat treatment or microfiltration, has not been tested in terms of microbiological and toxicological contamination, may cause infections or poisonings. These infections are caused by bacteria, protozoa and viruses. Whereas poisonings are caused by bacterial or mold toxins. Microbiological contamination of milk may come from animals, humans, the environment, and industrial equipment. The aim of the study was to find out the scale of the consumption of raw milk by the inhabitants of the Lodz Voivodeship and general characteristics of consumers of such milk. The survey method was used. Answers to the questions were obtained directly and using an electronic form. 777 surveys were collected. 19.4% of respondents consumed raw milk in 2020. In this group, the most numerous were women (62.3%) and people in age 20-29 (25.8%) and 40-49 (23.2%). 43% of respondents declared having secondary education, and 39.7% having higher education. 80.1% of the respondents lived in cities. 75.5% of respondents stated that consumption of raw milk does not pose a threat to human health. The obtained research results indicate an insufficient level of knowledge of the inhabitants of the Lodz Voivodeship regarding the dangers of raw milk consumption. Therefore, it would be justified to conduct social campaigns informing about this threat