Die karitative Tätigkeit der traditionellen christlichen Kirchen in Ungarn während des Kommunismus und ihre Wirkung auf die kirchliche Wohltätigkeit im Postkommonismus. Teil 1.

Charitable Activities of Hungarian Historical Christian Churches during Communism, and Their Effects on Post-Communist Charitable Church Activities, Part 1: In addition to assessing charitable activities of Hungarian historical Christian churches during communism from a fact-finding, descriptive angle, this two-part study also provides a view of what effects this has on post-communist charitable church activities. Understandably, this necessitates a brief overview of the types and volume of charitable activities carried out by the catholic, reformed and evangelical churches prior to the communist power grab. In the years following the Second World War, the majority of social institutions run by the church came under state control, with new employees often looking upon the tasks they were to carry out only as a way of making a living, and lacking a commitment to the service they were to perform. The way in which state socialist politics strove to use charity and diaconate in their efforts aimed at wasting church and faith can be clearly observed. The measures, according to which practically only institutions where missionary work was impossible or possible only to a minor degree could remain in church hands, also served this end. Church leaders who tried to ensure survival by adhering to the official line, also partly became partners to the state. It is considered a step forward, when badly paid positions requiring hard work and commitment at social institutions run by the state were filled by qualified and able labour based on church recommendations and nominations. During the period of dictatorship, charitable activities by congregations and parishes also experienced a strong setback. Following the collapse of communism, all three churches displayed an intention of reviving their charitable activities by maintaining spirituality and charisma despite a necessary institutionalisation process and strict professionalism. The analysis also pinpoints some cases that highlight the pitfalls of relations with the post-communist state. The first half of the study presents the operation of helping services linked to protestant churches, with the reformed and evangelical churches discussed separately. The second part provides an overview of the conditions of catholic charity during the years of dictatorship, using similar considerations, and also has a look at the times before the Second World War and the changed circumstances following the 1989 fall of communism

The Multifactorial Background of Helping Professionals’ Vital Exhaustion and Subjective Well-Being During the First Wave of COVID-19 in Hungary: A Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: Vital exhaustion and the well-being of helping professionals are important issues regarding the sustainability of services, especially in a critical situation such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate helping professionals’ vital exhaustion and well-being, concerning different groups of background variables during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: In the spring of 2020, Hungarian helping professionals (N = 931) were contacted with an online questionnaire. Results: Our results show that indicators of physical well-being are strongly associated with vital exhaustion and subjective well-being (sleeping quality (χ2 (2) = 251.062, p < .001); frequency of meals (χ2 (2) = 99.454, p < .001)). Health and social care workers were more exhausted than members of other helping professions (χ2(4) =37.782, p < .001). There were statistically significant negative correlations between the Vital exhaustion and Well-being Score and satisfaction with work conditions (rs(929) = -.418, p < .001), satisfaction with family life (rs(806) = -.342, p < .001) and its change (rs(807) = -.287, p < .001), family-work balance (rs(675) = -.444, p < .001) and its change (rs(786) = -.515, p < .001). In the prediction of the Vital Exhaustion and the Well-being Score, the addition of physical well-being indicators to the regression model led to the strongest increase in R2 of .344, p < .001. Conclusion: A clear and consensual framework for life and work provides security amid unpredictable external changes

A vezetői megbízással rendelkező szociális szolgáltatást nyújtó személyek vezetőképzésének koncepciója a Semmelweis Egyetemen

A szociális ágazat átalakított továbbképzési rendszerében 2018-ban kötelező elemként megjelent a vezetőképzés. Az Emberi Erőforrások Minisztériuma elsőként a Semmelweis Egyetemet jelölte ki a képzés megszervezésére. A képzési program négy jól körülhatárolható tanegységből áll, ezeket moduloknak nevezzük. Jelen tanulmányban arra teszünk kísérletet, hogy a szélesebb szakmai közvéleménnyel is megismertessük azokat az elképzeléseket, víziókat, amelyek mentén a program tartalma kialakult. Az említett négy modul koncepciójának, tartalmi elemeinek és a kezdeti időszak tapasztalatainak ismertetésére a képzés vezető oktatóit kértük fel, akik az alábbiakat különálló alfejezetekben mutatják be, nem csupán azok számára, akik a jövőben a Semmelweis Egyetem hallgatói lesznek, hanem valamennyi érdeklődő szociális ágazatban dolgozó szakembernek

A vezetői megbízással rendelkező szociális szolgáltatást nyújtó személyek vezetőképzésének koncepciója a Semmelweis Egyetemen

In 2018 as a compulsory element an executive training program was introduced to the social education and training system. Semmelweis University was appointed by the Ministry of Human Capacities to realize and carry out the executive training program consisting of four units, called and later referred as modules. This paper aims to introduce the ideas and visions along which the content of the program has been developed to the wider professional audience. To cover all the information and crucial aspects the main stakeholders of the training were asked to present the concepts, content elements and experiences of the four modules, in separate sub-chapters

Ringen mit der Vergangenheit : Versuch einer individuellen und kollektiven Aufarbeitung der Vergangenheit, besonders im Hinblick auf die Beziehung zwischen als inoffizielle Mitarbeiter angeworbenen kirchlichen Amtsträgern und der kommunistisch-sozialistischen Staatssicherheit = Wrestling with the Past: An Attempt at Coming to Terms with the Past on Individual and Community Level – With Special Consideration of the Relationship Between Church Informants and Communist-Socialist State Security

The study describes the social context, in which the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Hungary made an attempt at coming to terms with the relationship between church informants and state security following the collapse of the communist system. It also gives an overview of the process of the formation and work of the church committee whose role was to disclose and analyse the relationship between state security services and certain church people. Furthermore, it examines statements given by church bodies and individuals in order to find some aspects that can answer the following question: why has the process of coming to terms with the past become unexpectedly difficult in the given church community and why has the generally formulated pattern of repentance – confession of sins – forgiveness proved to be inapplicable in settling the question in an adequate way

Transgeneracijski učinki sodelovanja Cerkve v komunistično-socialističnem režimu

The aim of the study is to show the impact on the descendants of some clergypersons who collaborated as secret agents with the communist-socialist regime, one of whose objectives was to eliminate or at least weaken religiosity and the internal activity and social influence of the churches. The resource material was semi-structured interviews with children and grandchildren. The study aims to show that, beyond the personal traumas and ethical dilemmas, the main concern of the descendants was to preserve and, if necessary, rebuild the parent-child relationship. The pathways to this were different for each of those involved. Their differences were often influenced by previous transgenerational family patterns and influences. The examination from the perspective of the descendants is unique in the research on church collaboration and is the focus of this study.Namen študije je prikazati vpliv nekaterih duhovnikov, ki so kot tajni agenti sodelovali s komunistično-socialističnim režimom, katerega eden od ciljev je bil odpraviti ali vsaj oslabiti religioznost ter notranjo dejavnost in družbeni vpliv cerkva, na njihove potomce. Vir gradiva so bili polstrukturirani intervjuji z otroki in vnuki. Namen študije je pokazati, da je bila poleg osebnih travm in etičnih dilem glavna skrb potomcev ohraniti in po potrebi ponovno vzpostaviti odnos med starši in otroki. Vsak od vpletenih je imel pri tem drugačne poti. Na njihove razlike so pogosto vplivali predhodni transgeneracijski družinski vzorci in vplivi. Proučevanje z vidika potomcev je edinstveno v raziskavah o cerkvenem sodelovanju in je v središču te študije

Confession from the Point of View of the Experience of the People Seeking Help : An Empirical Study about Confessional Practices in Finland and Hungary = Beichte aus der Perspektive der Erfahrungen Hilfesuchender : Empirische Studie über die Praxis der Beichte bei Finnen und Ungarn

The article presents confession practice from the point of view of the confessants. The practice and experiences of the confessants are presented based on two earlier research studies. The source material of both researches was based on letters written by the confessants themselves with the need of stress relief. As the collection and analysis of the material was conducted with a similar method, there is also a possibility to compare the fi ndings of the two research studies. Based on letters from Finnish and Hungarian respondents, the authors look at several topics: expectations from the confessants, criteria of experiencing absolution, the relationship between confessant and confessor and the effect of confession on the spiritual life of the confessant