Desempenho de cultivares de alface no Estado do Acre Performance of lettuce cultivars in the State of Acre, Brazil

Devido às condições ambientais verificadas no estado do Acre, caracterizado pela ocorrência de temperaturas elevadas e alta precipitação, as cultivares tradicionalmente utilizadas pelos produtores apresentam baixo rendimento e qualidade. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o comportamento das novas cultivares de alface disponíveis no mercado, em termos de características agronômicas e rendimento, nas condições edafoclimáticas de Rio Branco, Acre. Para isso foram realizados dois ensaios no campo experimental da Embrapa Acre, em um solo do tipo Argissolo Vermelho-Escuro, textura argilosa. O primeiro de maio a julho de 1996 (período seco) e o segundo de dezembro de 1996 a fevereiro de 1997 (período chuvoso). Foram avaliadas as cultivares Babá de Verão, Brisa, Carolina AG-576, Elisa, Lucy Brown, Marisa AG-216, Piracicaba 65, Regina 71, Tainá, Simpson, Vanessa e Verônica, sendo que 'Regina 71' e 'Elisa' foram incluídas apenas no ensaio do período seco. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados, com três repetições. No período seco, as cultivares Simpson, Lucy Brown e Regina 71 apresentaram os maiores pesos médios (373; 362 e 341 g, respectivamente) e produções comerciais de 49,8; 48,3 e 45,5 t/ha, respectivamente. Em geral, as cultivares dos tipos lisa sem cabeça e lisa com cabeça apresentaram maior índice de ataque de nematóide (Meloidogyne javanica) quando comparadas às do tipo crespa. No ensaio realizado no período chuvoso, as cultivares Marisa AG-216, Verônica, Lucy Brown, Brisa, Tainá e Piracicaba-65 apresentaram os maiores pesos médios e produções comerciais. Entretanto, as médias obtidas foram bem inferiores às verificadas no ensaio do período seco, variando de 164 a 198 g para o peso médio, e 21,9 a 25,9 t/ha para produção comercial. Dentre as cultivares avaliadas no período seco, Regina 71 (lisa, sem cabeça) e Carolina AG-576 (lisa, com cabeça) destacaram-se entre as do tipo lisa, apresentando folhas de tamanho uniforme e bem arranjadas. Entre as de folha crespa solta destacaram-se as cultivares. Verônica e Marisa. A cultivar Lucy Brown do tipo americana (crisp head) também foi bastante produtiva.<br>Due to the environmental conditions verified in the state of Acre, characterized by the occurrence of high temperatures and precipitation, cultivars traditionally used by the producers present low yield and poor quality. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the behavior of the new lettuce cultivars available in the market, in terms of agronomic characteristics and yield, in the climatic and soil conditions of Rio Branco. Two trials were accomplished in the Embrapa Acre experimental farm, in a dark red claysoil, of loamy texture. The first from May to July 1996 (dry season) and the second from December 1996 to February 1997 (rainy season). The cultivars Babá de Verão, Brisa, Carolina AG-576, Elisa, Lucy Brown, Marisa AG-216, Piracicaba 65, Regina 71, Tainá, Simpson, Vanessa and Verônica were evaluated. 'Regina 71' and 'Elisa' were only included on the dry season trial. The experimental design was a randomized block, with three replications. During the dry season, the cultivars Simpson, Lucy Brown and Regina 71 presented the largest average weights (373; 362 and 341 g, respectively) and commercial yields (49.8; 48.3 and 45.5 t/ha, respectively). In general, the cultivars with smooth leaves with or without head presented larger nematoid (Meloidogyne javanica) attack index, when compared to the curly type ones. In the rainy season trials, the cultivars Marisa AG-216, Verônica, Lucy Brown, Brisa, Tainá and Piracicaba-65 presented the greatest average weights and commercial yields. However, the obtained averages were very inferior to that verified in the trials of the dry period, varying from 164 to 198 g for average weight, and from 21.9 to 25.9 t/ha for commercial yield. Of those cultivars tested on the dry season, Regina 71 (butter head/less firm head) and Carolina (butter head) AG-576 stood out among the butterhead types, while Verônica, Marisa AG-216 (loose leaf/wavy and frilled leaves) were the best among the loose leaf types, obtaining good yield. 'Lucy Brown' stood out among the crisphead types

Effects of Storage and Exogenous Ga3 on Lychee Seed Germination

The effects of storage time and exogenous gibberellic acid on lychee seeds germination were studied. The seeds were removed from ripe fruits, washed, dried, stored at 8°C for 0, 15 and 30 days, and soaked during 24 hours in water and GA3 at 50, 100 and 200 mg.L-1 solutions. As the storage period increased, the germination capacity was lost, and the seeds had a short germinability after 30-day storage period. Gibberellic acid had not significant effect on enhancing both the germination percentage and rate.<br>O trabalho teve como objetivo estudar os efeitos do tempo de armazenamento e de tratamentos com ácido giberélico, no processo germinativo de sementes de lichieira (Litchi chinensis Sonn.). As sementes foram retiradas de frutos maduros, lavadas, secas à sombra e colocadas para germinar imediatamente ou então, armazenadas em geladeira (8°C) por 15 e 30 dias. Os tratamentos corresponderam à imersão das sementes por 24 horas nas seguintes soluções com aeração: água, GA3 a 50, 100 e 200 mg.L-1. Através dos resultados obtidos, observou-se que as sementes perderam o poder germinativo, à medida que aumentou-se o tempo de armazenamento, sendo a porcentagem de germinação muito baixa (7%) aos 30 dias de armazenamento. O tempo médio de germinação foi menor após 15 dias de armazenamento

Desempenho animal e avaliação do potencial produtivo de forragens para ensilagem, por intermédio de diferentes fontes de suplementação nitrogenada Animal performance and evaluation of forage potential production for silage making by means of different sources of nitrogen supplementation

Este estudo foi conduzido para avaliar o milho (Zea mays L.) AG 1051 e os sorgos (Sorghum bicolor, (L.) Moench) AG 2006 e BR 303, para produção de silagem, e verificar o efeito da substituição do farelo de soja por uréia (0, 50 e 100%), nas rações concentradas para bovinos confinados. As silagens foram usadas em dois experimentos e os animais foram distribuídos em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado. No primeiro, 72 bovinos mestiços F1 Pardo Suíço x Nelore, inteiros, com 20 meses de idade e 412 kg PV, foram distribuídos em arranjo fatorial 3 x 3 (silagem de milho e de sorgos e nível de substituição do farelo de soja por uréia). No segundo, 48 novilhos Nelore, com 34 meses e 378 kg PV, foram distribuídos em arranjo fatorial 2 x 3 (silagem de sorgos e nível de substituição do farelo de soja por uréia). Não houve diferença entre as forragens quanto às produções/ha de matéria seca total e de folha, colmo e à relação espiga/panícula. As plantas de milho e sorgo BR 303 apresentaram cerca de 53% de espiga/panícula quando comparado a 45% do sorgo AG 2006. Não houve interação entre as silagens e a fonte de nitrogênio. A silagem de milho propiciou melhor desempenho para os animais mestiços. Economicamente, o melhor resultado foi obtido com o uso da silagem de milho e do farelo de soja. O desempenho dos animais Nelores não foi influenciado pelo tipo de silagem e pela fonte de nitrogênio. Não houve diferença no retorno econômico para as silagens. Contudo, para as fontes de nitrogênio, o maior retorno economico foi obtido com o uso da uréia, seguido da mistura farelo de soja + uréia e, por último, com o farelo de soja.<br>This study was conducted to evaluate the corn (Zea mays L.) AG 1051 and the sorghums (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) AG 2006 and BR 303, for silage production, and the effect of substitution of soybean meal by urea (0,50 and 100%) in the concentrated diets for feedlot cattle. The silages were used in two experiments and the animals were alloted to a completely experimental design. In the first, 72 F1 crossbred Brown Swiss x Nellore bulls, with 20 months of age and 412 kg LW were distributed to a 3x3 factorial arrangement (corn silage and sorghums silage and level of substitution of soybean meal by urea). In the second, 48 Nellore steers, with 34 month of age and 378 kg LW, were allotted to a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement (sorghum silage and level of substitution of soybean by urea). There were no differences between the forages as for production/ha of total dry matter and leaves, stem and of ear/panicle ratio. The corn and sorghum BR 303 plants presented about 53% of ear/panicle ratio as compared to 45% of the sorghum AG 2006. There was no interaction between the silage and the nitrogen source. The corn silage provided better performance for the crossbred bulls. Economically, the highest profit was obtained by using corn silage and soybean meal. The performance of Nellore steers was not affected by silage type or nitrogen source. There were no differences in the economic return for the silages. However, for the nitrogen source, the higher economic return was obtained by the use of urea followed by soybean meal + urea mixture and, finally, by soybean meal

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora

Growing knowledge: an overview of Seed Plant diversity in Brazil

Abstract An updated inventory of Brazilian seed plants is presented and offers important insights into the country's biodiversity. This work started in 2010, with the publication of the Plants and Fungi Catalogue, and has been updated since by more than 430 specialists working online. Brazil is home to 32,086 native Angiosperms and 23 native Gymnosperms, showing an increase of 3% in its species richness in relation to 2010. The Amazon Rainforest is the richest Brazilian biome for Gymnosperms, while the Atlantic Rainforest is the richest one for Angiosperms. There was a considerable increment in the number of species and endemism rates for biomes, except for the Amazon that showed a decrease of 2.5% of recorded endemics. However, well over half of Brazillian seed plant species (57.4%) is endemic to this territory. The proportion of life-forms varies among different biomes: trees are more expressive in the Amazon and Atlantic Rainforest biomes while herbs predominate in the Pampa, and lianas are more expressive in the Amazon, Atlantic Rainforest, and Pantanal. This compilation serves not only to quantify Brazilian biodiversity, but also to highlight areas where there information is lacking and to provide a framework for the challenge faced in conserving Brazil's unique and diverse flora