Resultados após dez anos da ceratectomia fototerapêutica para erosões recorrentes de córnea

OBJETIVO: Determinar os resultados visuais após dez anos de seguimento da ceratectomia fototerapêutica (PTK) com excimer laser para erosões recorrentes de córnea. MÉTODOS: Vinte e seis olhos de 23 pacientes portadores de erosões recorrentes de córnea foram tratados com PTK entre 1996 e 2000 no Instituto de Olhos de Goiânia, Brasil. Nenhum olho havia respondido às terapias convencionais. Dados pré-operatórios e pós-operatórios referentes à melhor acuidade visual corrigida (MAVC), equivalente esférico (EE), alívio dos sintomas, incidência de recorrência e complicações oriundas do tratamento a laser, foram analisadas. A média de duração dos sintomas antes do PTK foi de 18 meses (variando entre 8 a 36 meses). O epitélio da córnea foi debridado e a ablação realizada a uma profundidade de 5 µm e diâmetro de 7 a 9 mm, usando o excimer laser Technolas 217C Plano Scan. O seguimento médio foi de 12 anos (variando entre 10 e 14 anos). RESULTADOS: No último exame, 15 olhos (57,69%) estavam livres dos sintomas. Cinco olhos (19,2%) apresentavam sintomas, discretos e ocasionais, de irritação e fotofobia ao levantar. Recorrência de erosões dolorosas ocorreu em 6 olhos (23,07%), o que necessitou de retratamento com PTK. Vinte e quatro olhos mantiveram ou melhoraram sua MAVC, enquanto que 2 olhos perderam 1 linha de visão pela tabela de Snellen. Onze olhos (42,3%) mantiveram o mesmo EE e os outros (57,69%) apresentaram alterações inferiores a +/-0,75 dioptrias (D). Nenhuma complicação significativa foi observada durante o período de seguimento. CONCLUSÕES: Os dados de 10 anos mostram que o PTK é uma opção segura, rápida, eficaz e pouco invasiva para o tratamento de erosões recorrentes de córnea em pacientes que não respondem bem às terapias convencionais.PURPOSE: To determine the ten-year visual results and outcomes of excimer laser phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) for recurrent corneal erosions. METHODS: Twenty-six eyes of 23 patients with recurrent corneal erosions were treated by PTK from 1996 to 2000 at the Goiania Eye Institute, Brazil. All eyes had failed to respond to conventional therapy. Data regarding preoperative and postoperative best-spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), spherical equivalent (SE), symptomatic relief, incidence of recurrence, and complications arising from the laser treatment were analyzed. The mean duration of symptoms prior to PTK was 18 months (range, 8 to 36 months). The corneal epithelium was debrided, and laser ablation was performed to a depth of 5 micron with an ablation zone of 7 to 9 mm, using the Technolas 217C Plano Scan excimer laser. Mean postoperative follow-up was 12 years (range, 10 to 14 years). RESULTS: At the last follow-up visit, 15 eyes (57.69%) were symptomsfree. Five eyes (19.2%) had occasional mild symptoms of irritation and photophobia upon awakening. Recurrence of painful corneal erosions occurred in six eyes (23.07%), which required a PTK retreatment. Twenty-four eyes had a preserved or improved BCVA, while 2 eyes showed deterioration of 1 line on Snellen test. Eleven eyes (42.3%) had no change in SE, and the others (57.69%) had a change of less than +/-0.75 diopters (D). There were no major complications during the follow-up period. CONCLUSION: Ten-year data show that PTK is a safe, fast, effective and minimal invasive choice of treatment for recurrent corneal erosions in patients who do not respond to conventional treatments

Intrastromal corneal ring segment implantation for ectasia after refractive surgery

ABSTRACTPurpose:To evaluate the clinical outcomes of intrastromal corneal ring segment (ICRS) implantation to correct ectasia in eyes with prior refractive surgery.Methods:Forty-one eyes of 25 patients (13 men, 12 women; mean age, 28.66 years) with ectasia after refractive surgery [photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) or laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK)] were included in a nonrandomized, retrospective, observational case series. Corneal tunnels were created by mechanical dissection in all eyes. Main outcome measures included uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), refraction, keratometry, and computerized analysis of corneal topography. Patients were divided into two groups by the type of refractive surgery (Group A: PRK, Group B: LASIK).Results:The mean preoperative manifest astigmatism decreased from -1.88 to -0.84 D in Group A (p=0.096) and -3.18 to -1.77 D in Group B (p=0.000). The mean keratometric astigmatism decreased from -2.58 to -1.66 D in Group A (p=0.010) and -4.80 to -2.78 D in Group B (p=0.000). The mean spherical equivalent decreased from -2.97 to -2.05 D in Group A (p=0.065) and -3.31 to -2.42 D in Group B (p=0.014). No significant between-group differences were noted on the comparison of preoperative and postoperative results. No intraoperative or postoperative complications were observed.Conclusion:ICRS implantation is a useful treatment option for ectasia following refractive surgery, and it has significantly reduced the refractive cylinder and increased best spectacle-corrected visual acuity

Efficacy and safety of subconjunctival bevacizumab for recurrent pterygium

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical outcome(s) and complication(s) of subconjunctival bevacizumab treatment in patients with recurrent pterygium. Methods: This prospective case series included patients who had undergone pterygium surgery and were diagnosed with recurrent pterygium. All patients received one subconjunctival injection of 0.5 mL of bevacizumab (2.5 mg/0.1 mL). The main outcome was the change in size and clinical appearance. The clinical appearance of the pterygium was graded according to Tan and colleagues. The horizontal size of the pterygium (from limbus to apex) was recorded from baseline to 2 months after injection. Treatment-related complications and adverse events were reported. Results: We included 36 eyes of 36 patients (18 males) with a mean age of 58.75 ± 10.98 years. Totally, 30.6% patients developed recurrent pterygium in both eyes (only the worst eye was treated), with 47.2% developing it in the left eye and 22.2% in the right eye. More than half the patients (58.3%) had a family history of pterygium. There was a significant difference in the size of pterygium at different intervals (P<0.05). Approximately two-thirds (66.7%) of patients presented with hyposphagma on the 2nd day after subconjunctival application; this value decreased to 30.6% by day 7 and to 0% at 1 month. Most patients (69.4%) exhibited amelioration of irritative symptoms within 2 days, 88.9% after 7 days, and 97.2% after 1 month. Conclusions: Subconjunctival bevacizumab injection is useful for the management of patients with recurrent pterygium, with no significant local or systemic adverse effects

Refractive changes after scleral buckling surgery

PURPOSE: A prospective study was conducted to compare the refractive changes after three different types of scleral buckling surgery. METHODS: A total of 100 eyes of 100 patients were divided into three groups according to the type of performed buckling procedure: Group 1, encircling scleral buckling (42 patients); Group 2, encircling with vitrectomy (30 patients); Group 3, encircling with additional segmental buckling (28 patients). Refractive examinations were performed before and at 1, 3 and 6 months after surgery. RESULTS: Changes in spherical equivalent and axial length were significant in all 3 groups. The amount of induced astigmatism was more significant in Group 3. No statistically significant difference was found in the amount of surgically induced changes between Groups 1 and 2, at any postoperative period. CONCLUSIONS: All three types of scleral buckling surgery were found to produce refractive changes. A correlation exists between additional segments and extent of refractive changes

Ten-year results of phototherapeutic keratectomy on recurrent corneal erosions

PURPOSE: To determine the ten-year visual results and outcomes of excimer laser phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) for recurrent corneal erosions. METHODS: Twenty-six eyes of 23 patients with recurrent corneal erosions were treated by PTK from 1996 to 2000 at the Goiania Eye Institute, Brazil. All eyes had failed to respond to conventional therapy. Data regarding preoperative and postoperative best-spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), spherical equivalent (SE), symptomatic relief, incidence of recurrence, and complications arising from the laser treatment were analyzed. The mean duration of symptoms prior to PTK was 18 months (range, 8 to 36 months). The corneal epithelium was debrided, and laser ablation was performed to a depth of 5 micron with an ablation zone of 7 to 9 mm, using the Technolas 217C Plano Scan excimer laser. Mean postoperative follow-up was 12 years (range, 10 to 14 years). RESULTS: At the last follow-up visit, 15 eyes (57.69%) were symptomsfree. Five eyes (19.2%) had occasional mild symptoms of irritation and photophobia upon awakening. Recurrence of painful corneal erosions occurred in six eyes (23.07%), which required a PTK retreatment. Twenty-four eyes had a preserved or improved BCVA, while 2 eyes showed deterioration of 1 line on Snellen test. Eleven eyes (42.3%) had no change in SE, and the others (57.69%) had a change of less than +/-0.75 diopters (D). There were no major complications during the follow-up period. CONCLUSION: Ten-year data show that PTK is a safe, fast, effective and minimal invasive choice of treatment for recurrent corneal erosions in patients who do not respond to conventional treatments

Changes in corneal sensitivity following cross-linking for progressive early-stage keratoconus

Purpose: To evaluate changes in corneal sensitivity following corneal cross-linking (CXL) in patients with progressive earlier stage keratoconus. Methods: Thirty-eight eyes of 19 patients (11 women, 8 men) were included in a prospective, nonrandomized clinical study. The mean patient age was 22 years (range, 18-26 years). Inclusion criteria were early stage bilateral progressive keratoconus, a transparent cornea, and a thickness of &#8805;440 &#181;m in the thinnest area of the cornea. Using the Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometer, central corneal sensitivity was measured before surgery, 7 days after surgery, and once a month thereafter until recovery of baseline preoperative levels. Central corneal sensitivity >40 mm was considered normal. Results: Corneal sensitivity gradually returned to preoperative levels in all treated eyes. The mean central corneal sensitivity was 52.2, 24.0, 38.2, 42.5, 50.0, and 52.5 mm before surgery, 7 days after surgery, and at 1, 2, 3, and 4 months after surgery, respectively. Normal levels of corneal sensation, but not baseline (preoperative) levels, were observed 2 months after surgery. The preoperative levels were observed 3 months after surgery. Conclusions: Our results suggest that central corneal sensitivity can be decreased for as long as 3 months after CXL for progressive earlier stage keratoconus

Pachychoroid, an update from the new finding to the usual investigation in selected diseases

ABSTRACT The authors make an update of pachychoroid in a group of the choroidal-retinal diseases that choroidal thickening is an usualenhanced depth image - optic coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) finding like as central serous chorioretinopathy, pachychoroid neovasculopathy, polipoidal choroidal vasculopathy and pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy

Catarata em árvore de Natal

RESUMOA catarata em árvore de Natal é um tipo raro de opacificação do cristalino caracterizado por depósitos policromáticos em forma de agulhas no córtex profundo e no núcleo do mesmo, que podem ser isolados ou associados a outras opacidades. Neste estudo relatamos e registramos, por meio de fotografias, dois casos deste tipo de opacidade cristaliniana