From SARS to COVID-19: lessons we should have learned (but we did not)

In 2002, a severe acute respiratory (SARS) epidemic, caused by a coronavirus (SARS-CoV), affected a significant number of countries and was interrupted after one year, approximately. Currently, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been a concern for the whole world, and the end of the pandemic does not appear near. In this article, we briefly discussed the lessons learned by the countries which fought the SARS epidemic and which had succeeded in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. We also discussed some of the main points that resulted in failures to handle the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. In the Brazilian context, we observed that the federal government delayed the necessary measures to be taken, has been less transparent to disclose health data, neglected the facemask usage mandates and refused the COVID-19 vaccine offerings. Despite the previous coronavirus outbreaks, we are suffering during the COVID-19 pandemic because we did not learn with SARS

Efficacy and safety of subconjunctival bevacizumab for recurrent pterygium

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical outcome(s) and complication(s) of subconjunctival bevacizumab treatment in patients with recurrent pterygium. Methods: This prospective case series included patients who had undergone pterygium surgery and were diagnosed with recurrent pterygium. All patients received one subconjunctival injection of 0.5 mL of bevacizumab (2.5 mg/0.1 mL). The main outcome was the change in size and clinical appearance. The clinical appearance of the pterygium was graded according to Tan and colleagues. The horizontal size of the pterygium (from limbus to apex) was recorded from baseline to 2 months after injection. Treatment-related complications and adverse events were reported. Results: We included 36 eyes of 36 patients (18 males) with a mean age of 58.75 ± 10.98 years. Totally, 30.6% patients developed recurrent pterygium in both eyes (only the worst eye was treated), with 47.2% developing it in the left eye and 22.2% in the right eye. More than half the patients (58.3%) had a family history of pterygium. There was a significant difference in the size of pterygium at different intervals (P<0.05). Approximately two-thirds (66.7%) of patients presented with hyposphagma on the 2nd day after subconjunctival application; this value decreased to 30.6% by day 7 and to 0% at 1 month. Most patients (69.4%) exhibited amelioration of irritative symptoms within 2 days, 88.9% after 7 days, and 97.2% after 1 month. Conclusions: Subconjunctival bevacizumab injection is useful for the management of patients with recurrent pterygium, with no significant local or systemic adverse effects

Sucos Artificiais como proposta de tema gerador no ensino de soluções químicas.

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Injection of platelet aggregates in facial rejuvenation: a systematic review

Introduction: This systematic review was conducted to assess whether the use of a platelet aggregate injection with or without associated facial rejuvenation techniques favors facial rejuvenation in adult patients. Methods: Randomized clinical trials that compared the use of techniques for facial rejuvenation alone with the same techniques coupled with the injection of platelet aggregates were searched. The search was performed in indexed databases and in the gray literature. The Cochrane Collaboration bias risk tool was applied to assess the quality of the studies. Results: In total, 7137 articles were identified. Only four studies remained in the qualitative synthesis, and the others were considered as having undefined bias risk in the key domains. Conclusion: There are few studies in the literature that compare the use of platelet aggregates in facial rejuvenation and those that are available have a risk of "undefined" or "high" bias. There is a need for more well-designed clinical studies comparing the use of platelet aggregate injection with or without associated facial rejuvenation techniques

Time course of the effects of lipopolysaccharide on prepulse inhibition and brain nitrite content in mice

AbstractThe systemic administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces time-dependent behavioral alterations, which are related to sickness behavior and depression. The time-course effects of LPS on prepulse inhibition (PPI) remain unknown. Furthermore, the time-dependent effects of LPS on central nitrite content had not been investigated. Therefore, we studied alterations induced by single LPS (0.5mg/kg, i.p.) administration to mice on parameters, such as PPI, depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors, working memory, locomotor activity and motor coordination, 1.5 and 24h post-LPS administration. IL-1β and TNFα in the blood and brain as well as brain nitrite levels were evaluated in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), hippocampus (HC) and striatum (ST). An overall hypolocomotion was observed 1.5h post-LPS, along with depressive-like behaviors and deficits in working memory. Increments in IL-1β content in plasma and PFC, TNFα in plasma and decreases in nitrite levels in the ST and PFC were also verified. Twenty-four hours post-LPS treatment, depressive-like behaviors and working memory deficits persisted, while PPI levels significantly reduced along with increases in IL-1β content in the PFC and a decrease in nitrite levels in the HC, ST and PFC. Our data demonstrate that a delayed increase (i.e., 24h post-LPS) in PPI levels ensue, which may be useful behavioral parameter for LPS-induced depression. A decrease in nitrergic neurotransmission was associated with these behavioral findings

Structural flexural strengthening through material bonded to the concrete substrate

This article proposes an alternative method for the structural design of reinforced concrete elements strengthened in bending by metallic plates or fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) bonded to the concrete substrate. It is proposed a new calculation procedure for the strengthening using thin adhered material bonded to the element surface that dispenses the iterative process generally used in the design. The proposed routine is validated by comparison with other methods. A practical example is also presented, applying the procedure to an element of a building where a load change was foreseen. As result, it was verified that the proposed procedure provides values similar to the trial-and-error method used in the FRP strengthening design. Results are also coherent with other methods available in the literature for metallic plates. Therefore, since this routine obtains similar values without using an iterative method, its applicability in the design becomes advantageous

Performance of broilers fed with highly digestible ingredient in the prestarter and starter raising periods

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de dieta, com inclusão de um núcleo energético-proteico (NEP) de alta digestibilidade, no desempenho produtivo e características de carcaça de frangos de corte. O NEP constituiu-se de composto de óleo degomado de soja, milho pré-gelatinizado, soja biprocessada, mananoligossacarídeos e peptídeos. O total de 864 pintainhos machos, da linhagem AgRoss 508, com um dia de idade, foram pesados individualmente e distribuídos em blocos ao acaso. Os tratamentos consistiram de suplementos com diferentes teores de NEP, com oito repetições com 27 aves cada: T1, controle, 0% de NEP; T2, 7% de NEP (1-7 dias) e 3,5% de NEP (8-21 dias); T3, 14% de NEP (1-7 dias) e 7% de NEP (8-21 dias); e T4, 21% de NEP (1-7 dias) e 10,5% de NEP (8-21 dias). Aos 21 dias de idade, o peso corporal, ganho de peso, consumo médio de ração, conversão alimentar e rendimento de carcaça e cortes não foram afetados significativamente pelos tratamentos experimentais. A utilização de NEP na dieta de frangos de corte não altera o desempenho das aves e não interfere nas variáveis de características de carcaça.The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the diet, with the inclusion of an energetic-protein nucleus (EPN) composed of highly digestible ingredients, on the productive performance and carcass traits of broiler chicks. The nucleus was composed by degummed soybean oil, pre-gelatinized corn, twice-processed soybean, mannanoligosaccharides and peptides. The total of 864 male AgRoss 508 broiler, with one day of age, were weighed individually and distributed in a randomized block design. Treatments consisted of: T1, control, 0% EPN; T2, 7% EPN (1-7 days) and 3.5% EPN (8-21 days); T3, 14% EPN (1-7 days) and 7% EPN (8-21 days); and T4, 21% EPN (1-7 days) and 10.5% EPN (8-21 days of age). At 21 days of age, body weight, weight gain, average feed intake, feed conversion and carcass and cut-ups yield were not significantly affected by treatments. The EPN inclusion in the diets did not influence the performance, carcass traits and cut-ups of broilers

FATORES QUE PIORAM A CESSAÇÃO DO ALCOOLISMO NO PACIENTE COM CIRROSE HEPÁTICA

Introduction: Liver cirrhosis is one of the most commonly reported diseases in the world, besides being one of the leading causes of death in Brazil. The abuse of alcoholic beverages can lead to degeneration in the liver, leading to such injury. However, factors that worsen the cessation of alcoholism were identified, since the biopsychosocial, intrinsic and extrinsic aspects are correlated with alcohol dependence. Objective: To identify the factors that worsen the cessation of alcoholism in the cirrhotic patient. Methods: The information in this work was obtained on the platforms: Scielo, Google Scholar and PubMed. Results: One of the criteria for liver transplantation is alcohol abstinence for at least 6 months. Taking into account the psychosocial context related to the patient, it is worth noting that this task becomes challenging and litigious in the pre and post liver transplantation. The associated intrinsic factors are: alcohol dependence (craving), neuroticism (anger, depression, hypomania or mania, anxiety, anguish), extroversion, openness to experience, denial of chronic alcoholic patients in relation to the damage alcohol has in his life, lack of spirituality. The associated extrinsic factors are: negative influence of friends and family, economic issues (unemployment, easy access to alcohol), social exclusion, pharmacological treatment, and lack of support and/or support of professional support. Conclusion: It is concluded that intrinsic and extrinsic factors exert direct influence under alcohol abstinence in individuals. The worsening of abstinence abstinence is contributed by psychosocial factors, and these must be effectively addressed so that liver transplantation.Introducción: La cirrosis hepática es una de las enfermedades más comúnmente reportadas en el mundo, además de ser una de las principales causas de muerte en Brasil. El abuso de bebidas alcohólicas puede conducir a la degeneración en el hígado, lo que lleva a dicha lesión. Sin embargo, se identificaron factores que empeoran el cese del alcoholismo, ya que los aspectos biopsicosociales, intrínsecos y extrínsecos se correlacionan con la dependencia del alcohol. Objetivo: Identificar los factores que empeoran el cese del alcoholismo en el paciente cirrótico. Métodos: La información de este trabajo se obtuvo en las plataformas: Scielo, Google Scholar y PubMed. Resultados: Uno de los criterios para el trasplante hepático es la abstinencia de alcohol durante al menos 6 meses. Teniendo en cuenta el contexto psicosocial relacionado con el paciente, vale la pena señalar que esta tarea se vuelve desafiante y litigiosa en el pre y post trasplante hepático. Los factores intrínsecos asociados son: dependencia del alcohol (ansia), neuroticismo (ira, depresión, hipomanía o manía, ansiedad, angustia), extroversión, apertura a la experiencia, negación de pacientes alcohólicos crónicos en relación con el daño que el alcohol tiene en su vida, falta de espiritualidad. Los factores extrínsecos asociados son: influencia negativa de amigos y familiares, problemas económicos (desempleo, fácil acceso al alcohol), exclusión social, tratamiento farmacológico y falta de apoyo y/o apoyo profesional. Conclusión: Se concluye que los factores intrínsecos y extrínsecos ejercen influencia directa bajo la abstinencia de alcohol en individuos. El empeoramiento de la abstinencia es contribuido.Introdução: A cirrose hepática é uma das doenças de maior incidência no mundo, além de ser uma das principais causas de morte no Brasil. O abuso de bebidas alcoólicas pode levar a degeneração no fígado, acarretando tal agravo. Entretanto, foram identificados fatores que pioram a cessação do alcoolismo, visto que os aspectos biopsicossociais, intrínsecos e extrínsecos estão correlacionados à dependência alcoólica. Objetivo: Identificar os fatores que pioram a cessação do alcoolismo no paciente cirrótico. Métodos: As informações neste trabalho foram obtidas nas plataformas: Scielo, Google Scholar e PubMed. Resultados:  Um dos critérios para o transplante hepático é a abstinência alcoólica por no mínimo 6 meses. Levando em conta o contexto psicossocial relacionado ao paciente, é válido destacar que essa tarefa se torna desafiadora e litigiosa no pré e pós transplante hepático. Os fatores intrínsecos associados são: dependência alcoólica (craving), neuroticismo (raiva, depressão, hipomania ou mania, ansiedade, angústia), extroversão, abertura para experiência, negação do paciente alcoolista crônico em relação aos danos que o álcool tem em sua vida, carência de espiritualidade. Os fatores extrínsecos associados são: influência negativa dos amigos e familiares, questões econômicas (desemprego, fácil acesso à bebida alcoólica), exclusão social, tratamento farmacológico, e a falta de suporte e/ou adesão do suporte profissional. Conclusão: Conclui-se que os fatores intrínsecos e extrínsecos exercem influência direta sob a abstinência alcoólica em indivíduos. A piora da adesão a abstinência é contribuída por fatores psicossociais, devendo esses serem efetivamente enfrentados para que o transplante hepático possa ser findado de maneira coesa, evitando assim riscos.Introdução: A cirrose hepática é uma das doenças de maior incidência no mundo, além de ser uma das principais causas de morte no Brasil. O abuso de bebidas alcoólicas pode levar a degeneração no fígado, acarretando tal agravo. Entretanto, foram identificados fatores que pioram a cessação do alcoolismo, visto que os aspectos biopsicossociais, intrínsecos e extrínsecos estão correlacionados à dependência alcoólica. Objetivo: Identificar os fatores que pioram a cessação do alcoolismo no paciente cirrótico. Métodos: As informações neste trabalho foram obtidas nas plataformas: Scielo, Google Scholar e PubMed. Resultados:  Um dos critérios para o transplante hepático é a abstinência alcoólica por no mínimo 6 meses. Levando em conta o contexto psicossocial relacionado ao paciente, é válido destacar que essa tarefa se torna desafiadora e litigiosa no pré e pós transplante hepático. Os fatores intrínsecos associados são: dependência alcoólica (craving), neuroticismo (raiva, depressão, hipomania ou mania, ansiedade, angústia), extroversão, abertura para experiência, negação do paciente alcoolista crônico em relação aos danos que o álcool tem em sua vida, carência de espiritualidade. Os fatores extrínsecos associados são: influência negativa dos amigos e familiares, questões econômicas (desemprego, fácil acesso à bebida alcoólica), exclusão social, tratamento farmacológico, e a falta de suporte e/ou adesão do suporte profissional. Conclusão: Conclui-se que os fatores intrínsecos e extrínsecos exercem influência direta sob a abstinência alcoólica em indivíduos. A piora da adesão a abstinência é contribuída por fatores psicossociais, devendo esses serem efetivamente enfrentados para que o transplante hepático possa ser findado de maneira coesa, evitando assim riscos