Ruídos articulares e sinais de disfunção temporomandibular: um estudo comparativo por meio de palpação manual e vibratografia computadorizada da ATM

Esta pesquisa teve como finalidade estimar a validade interexaminadores, em detectar sons articulares e comparar os resultados com um sistema computadorizado (SONOPAK). Para isto, uma amostra de 45 indivíduos foi selecionada aleatoriamente e dividida em dois grupos. O grupo experimental foi formado por 24 pacientes, que apresentavam problemas articulares, e o grupo controle por 19 pacientes com ausência de qualquer relato ou queixa, compatível com DTM. Sessenta e sete por cento dos pacientes eram mulheres, com médias de idade de 36 anos. Os resultados da eletrovibratografia (EVG) foram comparados com os obtidos pela palpação manual. Todos os examinadores desconheciam o grupo ao qual pertencia o paciente examinado. Para análise dos resultados de concordância, foi utilizado o teste de Cohens kappa e o percentual de concordância. Os resultados mostraram uma prevalência de 62,5% e 42,1% dos sons articulares, apresentados pelo grupo experimental e grupo controle, respectivamente. Pela análise dos resultados, concluiu-se que os sons articulares são comumente apresentados em ambos os grupos, porém sua identificação e classificação são difíceis, mesmo quando obtidos por aparelhos computadorizados. Embora a amostra deste estudo seja pequena, os resultados indicam que a EVG deve ser utilizada com cautela, e a calibração dos examinadores pode melhorar a identificação dos sons articulares.Both vibrational analysis and clinical examination have been claimed to identify intracapsular temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders, particularly disc displacements. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the interexaminer consensus on detecting TMJ sounds and to compare this with the results obtained through a computerized system (SONOPAK). The sample was composed of 45 people and it was divided in 2 groups: an experimental group of 24 patients presenting with TMJ complaints (sounds and/or pain), and a control group of 19 individuals with no obvious signs or symptoms of temporomandibular disorders. Sixty-seven percent of the patients were females with a mean age of 36 years. The control group was gender- and age-matched with the test group. Temporomandibular joint electrovibratography (JVA) was performed on the whole sample by one examiner. This was followed by light manual palpation of the TMJs by 2 examiners, who were not calibrated and were not aware of the results of the previous vibratographic (EAV) examination. Both examiners were unaware of which group was being examined. Indices of agreement and the Cohens kappa test were used to analyze the data. A prevalence of 62.5% and 42.1% of TMJ sounds was found for the experimental and control groups, respectively. Indices of agreement ranged from 32% to 100% and kappa index ranged from 0 to 0.4 for all conditions investigated (opening and reciprocal clicking, crepitation, and terminal thud). Although acceptable agreement was achieved, the values for kappa index were considered poor for all variables (fair agreement is considered between 0.4 and 0.75). Temporomandibular joint sounds are commonly found in both patients and nonpatients, but their detection and classification are difficult, even when an electronic device is employed. Although the sample in this study was small, the results indicate that electrovibratography (JVA) should be used with caution, and that interexaminer calibration may improve the identification of joint sounds

Avaliação longitudinal da efetividade das placas oclusais reposicionadoras no controle de patologias da ATM: comparação com placas oclusais estabilizadoras e um grupo controle

O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a efetividade das placas oclusais reposicionadoras no controle de patologias intra-articulares da ATM, quando comparadas a um tratamento convencional (placa estabilizadora) e um grupo sem tratamento (controle). A amostra contou de 52 pacientes portadores de sinais e sintomas de desordens intra-articulares da ATM, divididos, aleatoriamente em três grupos, de acordo com o procedimento empregado: grupo I (n=20), utilizou placa estabilizadora, grupo II (n=18) utilizou placa reposicionadora e grupo III (n=14), sem nenhum tratamento. Toda a amostra foi acompanhada durante um ano, sendo avaliada através de questionários anamnésicos, palpação muscular e da ATM, movimentação mandibular e detecção de sons articulares. Uma avaliação da condição oclusal também foi realizada nos diferentes períodos de exame. Os resultados demonstraram uma maior efetividade das placas reposicionadoras na redução inicial da dor relatada pelo paciente, assim como uma diminuição na sensibilidade a palpação na ATM. Todos os grupos mostraram-se semelhantes após seis meses de controle em relação aos sintomas, assim como em relação aos ruídos articulares. Os índices de palpação muscular mostraram-se melhor para todos os grupos, sendo que a oclusão também não se alterou significantemente. Baseado no acima exposto, conclui-se que a terapia de uso parcial das placas reposicionadoras constitui-se num meio efetivo de controle das patologias intra-articulares da ATM.The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of repositioning occlusal splints partial use in the management of TMJ intra-articular disorders. A comparison group (using stabilization splints) a control group (with no treatment) were also part of this study. The sample was constituted by 52 patients with complaints of TMJ noises and pain, randomly divided into three groups: I - stabilization splints (n=20), II - repositioning splints (n=18) and III (no treatment). The whole sample was evaluated by means of TMJ and muscle palpation, mandibular range of motion, occlusal contacts and pain Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for one year. Repeated measurements ANOVA, two way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis and Mc Nemar's tests accounted for the statistical analysis. Results have shown a significant improvement (p<0,01 in pain report (VAS) and palpation index for group II. No significant occlusal changes were present in any group. Indeed , muscle palpation values also decreased regardless the group studied (p<0.05). Similar results for pain and join noises reduction were observed after the sixth month of follow-up for the entire sample (including the control group). Based on that, it was concluded that the partial use of repositioning splints are important tools in the management of TMJ pathologies

Avaliação longitudinal da efetividade das placas oclusais reposicionadoras no controle de patologias da ATM: comparação com placas oclusais estabilizadoras e um grupo controle

O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar a efetividade das placas oclusais reposicionadoras no controle de patologias intra-articulares da ATM, quando comparadas a um tratamento convencional (placa estabilizadora) e um grupo sem tratamento (controle). A amostra contou de 52 pacientes portadores de sinais e sintomas de desordens intra-articulares da ATM, divididos, aleatoriamente em três grupos, de acordo com o procedimento empregado: grupo I (n=20), utilizou placa estabilizadora, grupo II (n=18) utilizou placa reposicionadora e grupo III (n=14), sem nenhum tratamento. Toda a amostra foi acompanhada durante um ano, sendo avaliada através de questionários anamnésicos, palpação muscular e da ATM, movimentação mandibular e detecção de sons articulares. Uma avaliação da condição oclusal também foi realizada nos diferentes períodos de exame. Os resultados demonstraram uma maior efetividade das placas reposicionadoras na redução inicial da dor relatada pelo paciente, assim como uma diminuição na sensibilidade a palpação na ATM. Todos os grupos mostraram-se semelhantes após seis meses de controle em relação aos sintomas, assim como em relação aos ruídos articulares. Os índices de palpação muscular mostraram-se melhor para todos os grupos, sendo que a oclusão também não se alterou significantemente. Baseado no acima exposto, conclui-se que a terapia de uso parcial das placas reposicionadoras constitui-se num meio efetivo de controle das patologias intra-articulares da ATM.The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of repositioning occlusal splints partial use in the management of TMJ intra-articular disorders. A comparison group (using stabilization splints) a control group (with no treatment) were also part of this study. The sample was constituted by 52 patients with complaints of TMJ noises and pain, randomly divided into three groups: I - stabilization splints (n=20), II - repositioning splints (n=18) and III (no treatment). The whole sample was evaluated by means of TMJ and muscle palpation, mandibular range of motion, occlusal contacts and pain Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for one year. Repeated measurements ANOVA, two way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis and Mc Nemar's tests accounted for the statistical analysis. Results have shown a significant improvement (p<0,01 in pain report (VAS) and palpation index for group II. No significant occlusal changes were present in any group. Indeed , muscle palpation values also decreased regardless the group studied (p<0.05). Similar results for pain and join noises reduction were observed after the sixth month of follow-up for the entire sample (including the control group). Based on that, it was concluded that the partial use of repositioning splints are important tools in the management of TMJ pathologies

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora