Derivatization of the low-priced commercial retinol for the anti-aging cosmetics

A retinol is a well-known source material for the anti-aging cosmetics due to its superior effects on the anti-wrinkle and anti-skin aging, and lots of cosmetic manufacturers have used it for the high-priced anti-aging products. However it is easily oxidized in the air and the oxidation causes the side effects like the skin irritation and a poor delivery of the active ingredients into the skin. Thus the stability improvement of the retinol must be required to minimize the side effects and enhance the absorbability and moisturizing property of the final products. In this study, the derivatization of the retinol was performed to enhance the stability and the low-priced commercial retinol was used as the material to strengthen the competitiveness of the retinol based anti-aging products. Please click Additional Files below to see the full abstract

The Grind for Good Data: Understanding ML Practitioners' Struggles and Aspirations in Making Good Data

We thought data to be simply given, but reality tells otherwise; it is costly, situation-dependent, and muddled with dilemmas, constantly requiring human intervention. The ML community's focus on quality data is increasing in the same vein, as good data is vital for successful ML systems. Nonetheless, few works have investigated the dataset builders and the specifics of what they do and struggle to make good data. In this study, through semi-structured interviews with 19 ML experts, we present what humans actually do and consider in each step of the data construction pipeline. We further organize their struggles under three themes: 1) trade-offs from real-world constraints; 2) harmonizing assorted data workers for consistency; 3) the necessity of human intuition and tacit knowledge for processing data. Finally, we discuss why such struggles are inevitable for good data and what practitioners aspire, toward providing systematic support for data works

Supporting Middle School Students in Tier 2 Math Labs: Instructional Strategies

Response to Intervention (RtI) has become a common support system for students; yet, no universal RtI model exists, especially for mathematics and specifically at the middle school level. This article focuses on a specific model for delivering Tier 2 mathematics supports and services at the middle school level: math labs. Evidence–based and research–supported interventions are discussed that support the delivery of Tier 2 services within a middle school math lab RtI structure. A fictionalized vignette, drawing from multiple actual cases, is presented to highlight the use of a Tier 2 math lab within a middle school setting

Remifentanil-induced preconditioning has cross-talk with A1 and A2B adenosine receptors in ischemic-reperfused rat heart

The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a cross-talk between opioid receptors (OPRs) and adenosine receptors (ADRs) in remifentanil preconditioning (R-Pre) and, if so, to investigate the types of ADRs involved in the cross-talk. Isolated rat hearts received 30 min of regional ischemia followed by 2 hr of reperfusion. OPR and ADR antagonists were perfused from 10 min before R-Pre until the end of R-Pre. The heart rate, left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP),velocity of contraction (+dP/dtmax), and coronary flow (CF) were recorded. The area at risk and area of necrosis were measured. After reperfusion, the LVDP, +dP/dtmax,and CF showed a significant increase in the R-Pre group compared with the control group (no intervention before or after regional ischemia). These increases in the R-Pre group were blocked by naloxone, a nonspecific ADR antagonist, an A1 ADR antagonist, and an A2B ADR antagonist. The infarct size was reduced significantly in the R-Pre group compared with the control group. The infarct-reducing effect in the R-Pre group was blocked by naloxone, the nonspecific ADR antagonist, the A1 ADR antagonist, and the A2B ADR antagonist. The results of this study demonstrate that there is cross-talk between ADRs and OPRs in R-Pre and that A1 ADR and A2B ADR appear to be involved in the cross-talk

Detection of Broken Outer-Cage Bars for Double-Cage Induction Motors Under the Startup Transient

(c) 2009 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.[EN] Unlike single-cage rotor fault detection, fast Fourier transform (FFT)-based steady-state spectrum analysis techniques can fail to detect outer-cage faults in double-cage induction motors due to the small outer-cage current under running conditions. Double-cage motors are typically employed in applications that require loaded starts. This makes the outer cage vulnerable to fatigue failure since it must withstand the high starting current and long startup time frequently. However, there are only a few publications that investigate detection techniques specifically for double-cage motors. In this paper, considering that the influence of the faulty outer cage is strong at startup due to the large outer-cage current, detection of outer-cage faults under the startup transient is investigated. A discrete-wavelet-transform-based method is proposed as a viable solution to the detection of outer-cage faults for double-cage motors. An experimental study on fabricated copper double-cage induction motors shows that the proposed method provides sensitive and reliable detection of double-cage rotor faults compared to FFT.This work was supported in part by the Spanish “Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia,” in the framework of the “Programa Nacional de Proyectos de Investigación Fundamental,” under Project Reference DPI2008-06583/DPI, and in part by the Human Resources Development of Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning under Grant 20114010203010 funded by the Korean Government Ministry of Knowledge EconomyAntonino-Daviu, J.; Riera-Guasp, M.; Pons Llinares, J.; Park, J.; Lee, SB.; Yoo, J.; Kral, C. (2012). Detection of Broken Outer-Cage Bars for Double-Cage Induction Motors Under the Startup Transient. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications. 48(5):1539-1548. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2012.2210173S1539154848

Epigallocatechin gallate has pleiotropic effects on transmembrane signaling by altering the embedding of transmembrane domains

Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is the principal bioactive ingredient in green tea and has been reported to have many health benefits. EGCG influences multiple signal transduction pathways related to human diseases, including redox, inflammation, cell cycle, and cell adhesion pathways. However, the molecular mechanisms of these varying effects are unclear, limiting further development and utilization of EGCG as a pharmaceutical compound. Here, we examined the effect of EGCG on two representative transmembrane signaling receptors, integrinαIIbβ3 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). We report that EGCG inhibits talin-induced integrin αIIbβ3 activation, but it activates αIIbβ3 in the absence of talin both in a purified system and in cells. This apparent paradox was explained by the fact that the activation state of αIIbβ3 is tightly regulated by the topology of β3 transmembrane domain (TMD); increases or decreases in TMD embedding can activate integrins. Talin increases the embedding of integrin β3 TMD, resulting in integrin activation, whereas we observed here that EGCG decreases the embedding, thus opposing talin-induced integrin activation. In the absence of talin, EGCG decreases the TMD embedding, which can also disrupt the integrin α-β TMD interaction, leading to integrin activation. EGCG exhibited similar paradoxical behavior in EGFR signaling. EGCG alters the topology of EGFR TMD and activates the receptor in the absence of EGF, but inhibits EGF-induced EGFR activation. Thus, this widely ingested polyphenol exhibits pleiotropic effects on transmembrane signaling by modifying the topology of TMDs

Isolation of High-Purity Extracellular Vesicles by Extracting Proteins Using Aqueous Two-Phase System

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Anti-inflammatory effect of essential oil extracted from Pinus densiflora (Sieb. et Zucc.) wood on RBL-2H3 cells

The aim of this study is to identify the active compounds of the essential oil extracted from the Pinus densiflora (Sieb. et Zucc.) wood using the hydrodistillation method and evaluate their anti-inflammatory activity. The chemical composition of the oil was identified by GC–MS analysis, and its anti-inflammatory activity was assessed by investigating its effect on the expression of interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-13 (IL-13), and β-hexosaminidase in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RBL-2H3 cells. Treatment of the LPS-stimulated RBL-2H3 cells with the oil and its fractions downregulated the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-4 and IL-13 and further attenuated the secretion of β-hexosaminidase out of the cells to a significant level. Among the five obtained fractions, fraction E exhibited the best anti-inflammatory activity, and its main constituent, longifolene, was considered as the active compound. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of longifolene on the expression levels of IL-4 and IL-13 and the β-hexosaminidase secretion was similar to that of the P. densiflora wood oil, indicating longifolene as the active constituent of the P. densiflora wood oil with immunosuppressive effects on inflammation

Self-assembled adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells as an extracellular matrix component- and growth factor-enriched filler

The clinical application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is attracting attention due to their excellent safety, convenient acquisition, multipotency, and trophic activity. The clinical effectiveness of transplanted MSCs is well-known in regenerative and immunomodulatory medicine, but there is a demand for their improved viability and regenerative function after transplantation. In this study, we isolated MSCs from adipose tissue from three human donors and generated uniformly sized MSC spheroids (∼100 µm in diameter) called microblocks (MiBs) for dermal reconstitution. The viability and MSC marker expression of MSCs in MiBs were similar to those of monolayer MSCs. Compared with monolayer MSCs, MiBs produced more extracellular matrix (ECM) components, including type I collagen, fibronectin, and hyaluronic acid, and growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor and hepatocyte growth factor. Subcutaneously injected MiBs showed skin volume retaining capacity in mice. These results indicate that MiBs could be applied as regenerative medicine for skin conditions such as atrophic scar by having high ECM and bioactive factor expression