Further Study On U(1) Gauge Invariance Restoration

To further investigate the applicability of the projection scheme for eliminating the unphysical divergence $s/m_e^2$ due to U(1) gauge invariance violation, we study the process $e^-+W^+\to e^-+\bar t+b$ which possesses advantages of simplicity and clearness. Our study indicates that the projection scheme can indeed eliminate the unphysical divergence $s/m_e^2$ caused by the U(1) gauge invariance violation and the scheme can apply to very high energy region.Comment: Latex, 13 pages, 4 EPS fiure

Nanotube ferroelectric tunnel junctions with giant tunneling electroresistance ratio

Low-dimensional ferroelectric tunnel junctions are appealing for the realization of nanoscale nonvolatile memory devices due to their inherent advantage of device miniaturization. Those based on current mechanisms still have restrictions including low tunneling electroresistance (TER) effects and complex heterostructures. Here, we introduce an entirely new TER mechanism to construct the nanotube ferroelectric tunnel junction with ferroelectric nanotubes as the tunneling region. When rolling a ferroelectric monolayer into a nanotube, due to the coexistence of its intrinsic ferroelectric polarization with the flexoelectric polarization induced by bending, there occurs metal-insulator transition depending on radiative polarization states. For the pristine monolayer, its out-of-plane polarization is tunable by an in-plane electric field, the conducting states of the ferroelectric nanotube can thus be tuned between metallic and insulating via axial electric means. Using {\alpha}-In2Se3 as an example, our first-principles density functional theory calculations and nonequilibrium Green's function formalism confirm the feasibility of the TER mechanism and indicate an ultrahigh TER ratio exceeding 9.9*10^10% of the proposed nanotube ferroelectric tunnel junctions. Our findings provide a promising approach based on simple homogeneous structures for high density ferroelectric microelectronic devices with excellent ON/OFF performance.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figure

Simultaneous Structural Identification of Natural Products in Fractions of Crude Extract of the Rare Endangered Plant Anoectochilus roxburghii Using 1H NMR/RRLC-MS Parallel Dynamic Spectroscopy

Nuclear magnetic resonance/liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy parallel dynamic spectroscopy (NMR/LC-MS PDS) is a method aimed at the simultaneous structural identification of natural products in complex mixtures. In this study, the method is illustrated with respect to 1H NMR and rapid resolution liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (RRLC-MS) data, acquired from the crude extract of Anoectochilus roxburghii, which was separated into a series of fractions with the concentration of constituent dynamic variation using reversed-phase preparative chromatography. Through fraction ranges and intensity changing profiles in 1H NMR/RRLC–MS PDS spectrum, 1H NMR and the extracted ion chromatogram (XIC) signals deriving from the same individual constituent, were correlated due to the signal amplitude co-variation resulting from the concentration variation of constituents in a series of incompletely separated fractions. 1H NMR/RRLC-MS PDS was then successfully used to identify three types of natural products, including eight flavonoids, four organic acids and p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, five of which have not previously been reported in Anoectochilus roxburghii. In addition, two groups of co-eluted compounds were successfully identified. The results prove that this approach should be of benefit in the unequivocal structural determination of a variety of classes of compounds from extremely complex mixtures, such as herbs and biological samples, which will lead to improved efficiency in the identification of new potential lead compounds

Development and characterization of a core set of SSR markers for fingerprinting analysis of Chinese maize varieties

A core set of 60 SSRs was selected and modified using 231 Chinese and USA maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines from more than 2000 SSRs for DNA fingerprinting analysis. All 60 SSR markers met the following criteria: (1) amplification of a single locus; (2) distinct amplification products; (3) adequate intervals between adjacent alleles; (4) suitable PCR fragment size; (5) reasonable discrimination power (DP); and (6) even distribution across the maize genome. Furthermore, the 60 SSR primers were re-designed to adjust the PCR product size. Together with the application of four different fluorescent dyes, a high-throughput 10-plex capillary electrophoresis platform was explored. The 60 core SSR markers were further divided into three groups (20 SSRs per group) according to peak morphology and DP value. Groups I, II and III were used in DNA fingerprinting analysis as a basic core, an expanded core and a candidate core set respectively. The allele number per locus varied from three to 22 with an average of 8.95; the average number of alleles per group I, II and III was a respective 7.35, 7.8 and 11.4. The DP values ranged from 0.366 to 0.913, with an average of 0.718 among all loci; the average group DP values were 0.697, 0.718 and 0.737 for groups I, II and III respectively; and the cumulative values of discrimination power (CDP) approached 1 for all groups. Cluster analysis results using 60 selected loci divided the Chinese inbred lines into six groups, including Luda Red Cob, P, Improved Reid, Tang-si-ping-tou, Waxy and Lancaster. The USA inbred lines were segregated into four groups, including SSS, Lancaster, Iodent and Oh43/Oh07Mid mixed

Green tea polyphenol induces significant cell death in human lung cancer cells

Purpose: To investigate the dose–response relationship of green tea polyphenol in an animal model of lung cancer.Methods: The effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on the inhibition of xenograft tumor growth, the accumulation of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), and apoptosis based on 3-(4,5- dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay were evaluated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines, namely, H1155, H661, and A427 (a human lung carcinoma-derived cell line). The dose-dependent effects of EGCG on H1155 xenograft tumor growth, as well as the levels of EGCG in plasma and tissue, were also determined in male nude mice.Results: EGCG inhibited the growth of NSCLC-derived cell lines (H1155) over a 45-day period. There was a significant reduction (57 %) in tumor weight in EGCG-fed (0.5 %) animals compared with the control group (p < 0.05). Linear regression analysis revealed a dose-dependent reduction in tumor size. MTT assay results revealed inhibition of H1155 cell growth (25 %, p < 0.05) after 24 h treatment with EGCG. The addition of superoxide dismutase (5 U/mL) and catalase (30 U/mL) reduced the inhibitory effect of EGCG. Mice administered 30 mg/kg EGCG via intraperitoneal injection exhibited the least amount of oxidative stress.Conclusion: The results demonstrate the concentration-dependent inhibitory effects of EGCG on lung cancer cells, including H1155 cells, both in vitro and in vivo. The induction of reactive oxygen species, oxidative DNA damage, and apoptosis were evident following EGCG treatment.Keywords: Green tea, Lung cancer, Catechins, Epigallocatechin-3-gallate, Oxidative stress, Oxidative DNA damag