On Orthogonal Hypergeometric Groups of Degree Five

A computation shows that there are 77 (up to scalar shifts) possible pairs of integer coefficient polynomials of degree five, having roots of unity as their roots, and satisfying the conditions of Beukers and Heckman [1], so that the Zariski closures of the associated monodromy groups are either finite or the orthogonal groups of non-degenerate and non-positive quadratic forms. Following the criterion of Beukers and Heckman [1], it is easy to check that only 4 of these pairs correspond to finite monodromy groups and only 17 pairs correspond to monodromy groups, for which, the Zariski closures have real rank one. There are remaining 56 pairs, for which, the Zariski closures of the associated monodromy groups have real rank two. It follows from Venkataramana [16] that 11 of these 56 pairs correspond to arithmetic monodromy groups and the arithmeticity of 2 other cases follows from Singh [11]. In this article, we show that 23 of the remaining 43 rank two cases correspond to arithmetic groups.Comment: 33 pages (To appear in Transactions of the American Mathematical Society

Present Status and Economics of Organic Farming in the District of Udham Singh Nagar in Uttaranchal

The study has reported the present scenario about adoption and awareness of organic farming as well as costs and returns of major crops grown under organic farming vis-à-vis non-organic farming on a sample of 90 farmers (45 organic and 45 non-organic) selected from the Kashipur block of Udham Singh Nagar district of Uttaranchal during the year 2004- 05. The study has revealed a fairly good adoption status with 36.51 per cent of sample farmers engaged in organic farming. Cost of cultivation for organic paddy over cost A1 and cost C3 has been found as Rs 18786/ha and Rs 31651/ha and for non-organic paddy as Rs 19106/ha and Rs 35947/ ha. The yields from organic and non-organic paddy have been found as 26.86 q/ha and 32.74 q/ha, respectively. However, farmers could realize relatively higher prices for organic (Rs 1380/q) than non-organic (Rs1161/ q) paddy. Net returns over cost A1 and cost C3 from organic and nonorganic paddy have been found as Rs 20144/ha and Rs 7279/ha and Rs 21323/ha and Rs 4483/ha, respectively. For organic and non-organic wheat, cost over A1 and C3 have been recorded as Rs 8653/ha and 17752/ha and Rs 12220/ha and Rs 22932/ha, respectively. The wheat yield has been found to be lower for organic (19.85 q/ha) than non-organic (28.12 q/ha) farming. The difference between prices of organic (Rs 875.16 /q) and nonorganic (Rs 780.24 /q) wheat has not been much wide. Hence, organic paddy has been found more profitable than organic wheat. The study has suggested organization of training programmes to generate awareness regarding organic farming. Lack of inputs being a general problem among producers, government should ensure timely delivery of quality inputs at reasonable costs. Also, to encourage organic farming, market support system need be strengthened.Agricultural and Food Policy,

Gandhi and Mao As Communicators: A Comparative Study of Practice and Theory

This study is a comparative analysis of the communication practice and theory of Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi and Mao Tse Tung during the period in which they were the major leaders of the national liberation movements in India and China. In broadest terms, the problem dealt with is how they succeeded in communicating with hundreds of millions of illiterate peasants without the use of such modern means of communication as radio and television. If they had not solved the problem of communication, they would have been would-be leaders with very few followers and their movements would have been doomed to failure. The major method is that of content analysis in the context of the broader patterns of historical change in the countries involved. The first step, therefore, is a panoramic summary of the socio-economic and political situations in India and China during the period between World Wars I and II, the growth of the Indian and Chinese movements for independence from foreign control, and the detailed phases of national struggle during the critical war-time years of 1942 through 1944. The next step is a detailed content analysis of the major themes in almost all the recorded messages of Gandhi and Mao in the 1942-44 period. The quantitative analysis shows that, despite many differences with respect to other themes, the various themes relating to leadership style, received the greatest amount of attention from both. The qualitative analysis shows that, despite important differences, both Gandhi and Mao discussed leadership in terms that dealt not only specifically with channels of communication but also with goal values as alternatives to the perceived conditions of crisis, two broader themes that helped establish a sense of communality and understanding between the leaders and the led. The next step pulls together the communication theories of both Mao and Gandhi, a presentation based not only on the content analysis for the 1942-44 period but also on explicit statements over a longer period and tacit premises which are inferred from more general statements. It is suggested that the operational doctrines of both Gandhi and Mao have important implications for communication theory and that the more specific communication of each is a version of what, in Mao\u27s terminology, has been called the mass line. Finally, conclusions are reached concerning the multi-modal, multi-directional communication behavior of both Gandhi and Mao and their emphasis on the necessity that the communicator identify himself with the needs and even the life-styles of the recipients. These conclusions, it is suggested, have possible implications for future research on the vital connection between communication and development and particularly on the possibility of non-charismatic leadership in so-called developing countries

Psychological Strength in Military Set up: Current Status and Future Direction

The paper is an attempt to critically examine the application of some the constructs in vogue of positive psychology with special reference to psychological strength. Dwelling on the application of positive psychology in American army it tries to highlight the application of some of the key psychological strength constructs which are being used to train the soldiers of American army. With reference to India the paper advocates for looking into the indigenous constructs of psychological strength rooted in religio-philosophical traditions of India and its implication in contemporary context. It identifies some of the indigenous constructs of psychological strength which have been empirically investigated in the recent past. Finally, the paper briefly discusses the outcomes studies undertaken to profile psychological strength at different levels of leadership in Indian army. Instead of following American model of psychology, the paper strongly advocates for bringing out a culturally sensitive model of psychological strength applicable to Indian socio-cultural set up. Replication of the method used in the present study is suggested to study psychological strength of other sectors of the countr

Psychosocial Response to National Security

National security is perhaps one of the key areas of research which receives continuous attention from the scholars of strategic studies, military science, and of course some of the disciplines of social science such as political science and international relation. One way of pursuing interest in national security is to delve the threat perception which emanates from across the border and is likely to influence socio-political sphere of the nation. On the other hand, the diversity in the socio-cultural landscape of the nation characterized by ethnicity and linguistic based sub-national identities is equally important so far as enriching one’s knowledge base in the domain of internal security is concerned. Within the realm of psychology, military psychology is possibly one sub-discipline which tries to address this gap. However, psychology is yet to receive a space in the intellectual terrain of studies on national security

Comparative study of once and twice application of topical 5% permethrin in patients of scabies

Background: Scabies is an itchy skin condition caused by the Sarcoptes scabiei which is treated by various topical and oral drugs. Among the all topical drugs, permethrin has been the drug of choice for the treatment of scabies. Therefore the aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of once and twice (repeat after one week) application of topical 5% permethrin in patients of scabies.Methods: This was an observational study in which a total number of 52, clinically diagnosed patients of scabies, receiving the topical 5% permethrin once (group A) and twice (repeat after one week-group B), were observed for treatment outcome. Treatment was evaluated at intervals of 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks by improvement or decrease in number of lesions and severity of pruritus. The efficacy of both the methods was compared statistically within and between the two groups.Results: A significant (p= <0.05) decrease in number of lesions as well as pruritus was observed at each follow up visit separately in both the groups. Between the groups comparison demonstrated a significant (p= <0.05) decrease in number of lesions as well as pruritus in group B, at follow up visit of 2 weeks while at the end of 4 weeks there was no difference in cure rate of both groups.Conclusions: Both the treatment modalities revealed equal efficacy at the end of 4 weeks. However, twice application of topical 5% permethrin showed faster and significant improvement at 2 week follow up in reference to both the number of lesions and severity of pruritus