Graphical history list on world wide web visualisation: A usability paradigm

The World Wide Web (WWW) is a fast emerging technology which enables users to view the information via a web browser such as Internet Explorer and Netscape Navigator.Studies have revealed that users often get ‘lost’ as they navigate deeper and deeper.Information visualisation is adopted by many researchers to construct the graphical representation of history list as text-based imposes a burden on users. Although information visualisation is a useful tool, questions arise on its usability and human short term memory.A prototype of a graphical history list is developed while taking the usability and human short term memory into considerations.The research results have significantly indicated a positive and promising outcome on a usable graphical history list on WWW visualisation

Distally based split vastus lateralis myocutaneous flap for reconstruction of post electrical injury defects around knee joint

Background: Large soft tissue defects around knee joint remains challenge to reconstructive surgeon due to limited size of local fasciocutaneous flap or muscles flaps and deeper recipient vessels for free flap. Presence of electrical injury further makes it difficult due to progressive necrosis of tissue and vessel damage. We present our experience with distally based split vastus lateralis myocutaneous flap for post electric burns large soft tissue defect over knee with open knee joint in three patients.Methods: Distally based split vastus lateralis myocutaneous flap was done in three patients for large soft tissue defects over knee secondary to electric contact burns. Two of the three patients had wound with open knee joint draining synovial fluid. All patients needed skin grafting for donor area of flap. Patients were followed up for functional outcome of knee and appearance of donor area.Results: Two out of three patients had uneventful recovery. One patient with skin paddle size 24 x 17 cm. developed necrosis of distal 2-3 cm. of skin and muscle which was managed by excision of necrosed flap with advancement. Donor area of flap was skin grafted in all three patients which healed without any complications. Postoperative knee function was normal in two patients.Conclusions: This new flap is a reliable option for extensive soft tissue defects around knee secondary to high voltage electric burns where free flap is challenging due to deeper location of recipient vessels and damage due to burn injury. Donor area in upper thigh remains hidden and is with no functional deficit

Cervicofacial flap revisited

Background: Cheek defect is difficult to reconstruct .The cervicofacial flap give cosmetically good result with minimum scar and good colour match to the skin and skin texture. It is useful in elderly people because of skin laxity and their scars hidden well in wrinkles. It causes minimal morbidity.Methods: We have studied 12 cases of cervicofacial flap in our series that underwent repair for variety of cheek defects in our hospital from 2012 to 2015. We have used anterior based flaps. We have used subcutaneous flaps in the face and subplatysmal flaps in neck. Their data collected and analysed.Results: In our study mean age was 56 years and male to female ratio was 1:1. Defect size was ranging from 4x7 cms to 7 x 11 cms. The eitiology was trauma in 5 cases, 2 cases of Basal cell Carcinoma, 2 cases of squamous cell carcinoma, 2 cases of angio-neurofibroma and one case of Hemangioma of face. All patients were satisfied with result of cervicofacial flap. FTSG used in four cases accepted very well. Mucosal advancement and z plasty in one case has given good result. PMMC in one case has done to reconstruct cheek. In one case Auricular cartilage used to reconstruct and support lower eyelid.Conclusions: Cervicofacial flap is simple, easy to operate, consume less operating time as compared to microvascular flap. It is less complicated and especially useful in diabetic, hypertensives and old debilitated patients with high risk of anaesthesia

Adherence to ARRIVE guidelines in animal research articles published in a National and International Pharmacology Journal

Background: This study compares the adherence to Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments (ARRIVE) guidelines in an Indian (IJP: Indian Journal of Pharmacology) and International journal (JPET: Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics).Methods: All original animal studies published in IJP and JPET between January 2014 and September 2015 were downloaded manually and 100 articles were randomly chosen from each journal and analyzed using the ARRIVE guidelines checklist and checked for adherence.Results: Most articles indicated the ethical statement (IJP- 96%, JPET- 98%). Steps taken to minimize effects of subjective bias in the study design were not mentioned in more than half the articles (IJP-50%, JPET-37%). Details of experimental animals were not adequately reported (IJP- 79%, JPET-68%). Details of animal housing (IJP-20%, JPET-39%) and husbandry (IJP-59%, JPET-51%) were poorly reported. Explanation of sample size calculation was mentioned in 2% and 1% articles in IJP and JPET. Statistical methods were well explained, yet the methods used to assess whether the data met the assumptions of the statistical approach was poorly reported.Conclusions: The present study demonstrates relatively suboptimal reporting standards in animal studies published in IJP and JPET. Adherence to ARRIVE guidelines can be improved

Gynecomastia our surgical experience using liposuction and minimal invasive surgical excision and its psychological benefits to young patients

Background: Gynecomastia is a benign enlargement of the male breast usually bilateral sometimes unilateral resulting from proliferation of glandular component of the breast. It is defined clinically by presence of rubbery or firm mass extending from nipple. The glandular tissue grows under influence of hormonal stimulation and is tender. Gynecomastia frequently presents social. Psychological, difficulties as low esteem and shame to sufferer. During adolescence many young males have gynecomastia and they are eager to do surgery of gynecomastia. Aims and objectives of the study was to correct deformity restoring normal contour to the chest, maintaining viability of nipple and areola. Also avoiding excess scarring and preventing saucer type deformity. To relieve emotional discomfort, psychological distress, and intolerable pain, to relieve shame in going to society, social gathering even doing marriage. To study effect of adding liposuction to surgical excision.Methods: This is two-year study of 20 cases of gynecomastia. Clinical and Laboratory findings were normal. preoperatively patients are selected by their complaints, discomfort, psychological effects, shame, depression, anxiety and size of gynecomastia. In surgery, we have done is liposuction thoroughly after infiltration with adequate amount of ringer solution and Inj adrenaline 1:100000 concentration. In gynecomastia with group 1 and 2 we used websters incision, in group 2b we used extended websters incision if required. In very large gynecomastia with skin excess we have done breast reduction with liposuction and free nipple grafting in one case and medial pedicle based, superiorly based flap in two cases, two cases with circumareolar skin excision and liposuction in group 2 b case. In rest 16 cases we have done liposuction, excision through websters incision.Results: In our study of 20 cases done in two years, in our department of plastic surgery at NKPSIMS, one was unilateral and rest 19 were bilateral gynecomastia cases. In all cases liposuction as treatment modality used and has given satisfactory outcome in 18 (90%) cases out of 20, 3 (10%) cases want more liposuction and if possible re excision. Average hospital stay was 2 days. Post-operative recovery was good in majority cases but in 2 ((10%) cases post op numbness and ischemia at margin of areola occurred treated conservatively. In one case (5%). dehiscence of wound healed Conservatively. All cases of breast reduction were healed well. All cases benefited psychologically by surgery and their self-image in society improved lot.Conclusions: The problem of excessive fat and fibroglandular tissue is managed by liposuction and excision through websters incision. In high grade gynecomastia of grade 3 we have done breast reduction. This has corrected deformity, restoring normal contour to majority of patients and they improved psychologically, and their self-image improved and so their social life

Prevalence of skin diseases among infants in a tertiary medical facility in Uttarakhand

Background: Skin diseases are common in infancy. This study aimed to determine to prevalence of various dermatoses in infancy in Uttarakhand. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of different dermatologic diseases in infant in Uttarakhand.Methods: A prospective study was carried out for one year from 06 Sep 2013 to 05 Sep 2014, to study prevalence and patterns of dermatological lesions in infants, a tertiary care health facility in Uttarakhand. A total of 234 infants of both sexes were seen during this period.Results: Of 234 patients 58.9% were males. Noninfectious dermatitis was the largest group of skin disorders in infancy, constituting 35.89% of total cases. Seborrheic dermatitis was commonest type of non-infectious dermatitis in infancy (42.85%) followed by atopic dermatitis (19.04%), Ptyriasis alba (14.28 %), contact and diaper dermatitis (7.14% each). Seborrheic dermatitis did not display any gender or seasonal bias. Infectious/ parasitic infestations formed second largest group of dermatoses in infants (26.92%) with commonest being fungal infections (49% cases of infectious group) followed by parasitic infestations (26.98%). Bacterial and viral infections were formed only 12.69% and 11.11% of infectious group cases. Nonfungal and nonparasitic infections showed higher incidence in summers.Conclusion: Out of 234 infants who attended paediatric dermatology clinic, major dermatoses were of noninfectious origin with seborrheic dermatitis forming largest group. Infectious etiology dermatoses constituted second major group with fungal and parasitic etiology. Nonfungal and non-parasitic dermatoses showed higher prevalence in summer months.

Dystrophia Myotonica with Mega Cisterna Magna

Myotonic dystrophy is also known as dystrophia myotonica (DM). The condition is composed of at least two clinical disorders with overlapping phenotypes and distinct molecular genetic defects: myotonic dystrophy type 1, the classic disease originally described by Steinert, and myotonic dystrophy type 2, also called proximal myotonic myopathy (PROMM). Mega cisterna magna is thought to be an anatomic variant with no clinical significance. We report a rare case of type 1 dystrophia myotonica in combination with mega cisterna magna

Ascaris worm in the intercostal drainage bag: inadvertent intercostal tube insertion into jejunum: a case report

Inadvertent insertion of the intercostal tube into abdomen is not rare. It can present by different ways. In the present case an Ascaris worm crept into the intercostal drainage bag to reveal the false passage of the tube

Multiple shoots regeneration of (anti-cancer plant) Catharanthus roseus -An important medicinal plant

ABSTRACT An efficient and cost effective micropropagation protocol using MS medium developed for Catharanthus roseus, a commercially important medicinal plant. Shootlets were regenerated from nodal explants of stem through axillary shoot proliferation. The induction of multiple shoots from nodal segments were premier in MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l BAP ± 1mg/l NAA. For rooting, different concentration of IBA were used and maximum rooting was recorded on MS medium with 5 mg/l IBA. The rooted plantlets were hardened initially in culture room conditions and then transferred to misthouse

Familial hypercholesterolaemia in children and adolescents from 48 countries: a cross-sectional study

Background: Approximately 450 000 children are born with familial hypercholesterolaemia worldwide every year, yet only 2·1% of adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia were diagnosed before age 18 years via current diagnostic approaches, which are derived from observations in adults. We aimed to characterise children and adolescents with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (HeFH) and understand current approaches to the identification and management of familial hypercholesterolaemia to inform future public health strategies. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, we assessed children and adolescents younger than 18 years with a clinical or genetic diagnosis of HeFH at the time of entry into the Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Studies Collaboration (FHSC) registry between Oct 1, 2015, and Jan 31, 2021. Data in the registry were collected from 55 regional or national registries in 48 countries. Diagnoses relying on self-reported history of familial hypercholesterolaemia and suspected secondary hypercholesterolaemia were excluded from the registry; people with untreated LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) of at least 13·0 mmol/L were excluded from this study. Data were assessed overall and by WHO region, World Bank country income status, age, diagnostic criteria, and index-case status. The main outcome of this study was to assess current identification and management of children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia. Findings: Of 63 093 individuals in the FHSC registry, 11 848 (18·8%) were children or adolescents younger than 18 years with HeFH and were included in this study; 5756 (50·2%) of 11 476 included individuals were female and 5720 (49·8%) were male. Sex data were missing for 372 (3·1%) of 11 848 individuals. Median age at registry entry was 9·6 years (IQR 5·8-13·2). 10 099 (89·9%) of 11 235 included individuals had a final genetically confirmed diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolaemia and 1136 (10·1%) had a clinical diagnosis. Genetically confirmed diagnosis data or clinical diagnosis data were missing for 613 (5·2%) of 11 848 individuals. Genetic diagnosis was more common in children and adolescents from high-income countries (9427 [92·4%] of 10 202) than in children and adolescents from non-high-income countries (199 [48·0%] of 415). 3414 (31·6%) of 10 804 children or adolescents were index cases. Familial-hypercholesterolaemia-related physical signs, cardiovascular risk factors, and cardiovascular disease were uncommon, but were more common in non-high-income countries. 7557 (72·4%) of 10 428 included children or adolescents were not taking lipid-lowering medication (LLM) and had a median LDL-C of 5·00 mmol/L (IQR 4·05-6·08). Compared with genetic diagnosis, the use of unadapted clinical criteria intended for use in adults and reliant on more extreme phenotypes could result in 50-75% of children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia not being identified. Interpretation: Clinical characteristics observed in adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia are uncommon in children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia, hence detection in this age group relies on measurement of LDL-C and genetic confirmation. Where genetic testing is unavailable, increased availability and use of LDL-C measurements in the first few years of life could help reduce the current gap between prevalence and detection, enabling increased use of combination LLM to reach recommended LDL-C targets early in life