SUBLETHAL EFFECTS OF IMIDACLOPRID ON HAEMATOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PROFILE OF FRESHWATER FISH, CYPRINUS CARPIO

Imidacloprid is a commercialized Neonicotinoid pesticide, widely used to kill piercing and sucking types of insect pests in agriculture field. Due to its systemic nature and high water solubility, imidacloprid gradually reach and contaminate surrounding water bodies. The present study was planned to investigate the sublethal toxic impacts of pesticide imidacloprid on haematological and biochemical profile of freshwater fish, Cyprinus carpio. The fingerlings of Cyprinus carpio were exposed to three different sublethal concentrations of imidacloprid (7.8 ppm, 15.6 ppm and 23.4 ppm) for 30 days. Blood samples from all treatments were collected and used for hematological as well as biochemical diagnosis. During the trial period, haematological parameters like TEC, Hb and Hct were decreased significantly (P<0.05), whereas TLC count was found to be increased in imidacloprid treated fish. Similarly MCH count was lower but MCV was higher significantly as compared to control. In the biochemical analysis, plasma protein levels were significantly  decreased in all the treatment groups when compared to control. Similar trends of significant decrease in the values of albumin and globulin was also reported. Thus, results of present study show that imidacloprid can cause remarkable alterations in the haematological and biochemical parameters of Cyprinus carpio

Ameliorating potentials of N-acetyl-l-cysteine against methoxychlor instigated modulation in structural characteristics of granulosa cells of caprine antral follicles

Follicular granulosa cells (GCs) form an important association with follicle’s survival and health that determines ovulation. Apoptosis induction in GCs leads to follicular atresia and infertility problems. The present study aims at assessing the ultrastructural toxicity of methoxychlor (MXC), an organochlorine insecticide and reproductive toxin, on structural aspects of GCs owing to its potential for inducing apoptosis and the ameliorating potential of N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) in this toxicity. The ultrastructural morphology revealed MXC induced degenerative changes in GCs like loss of cellular junction complexes and membrane integrity; nuclear abnormalities like occurrence of condensed and marginated chromatin, crescent shaped or blebbed nucleus; presence of disrupted mitochondria with disrupted cristae, vacuolization, empty spaces, large number of homogenous lipid droplets and extensive network of rough endoplasmic reticulum and several cytoplasmic processes at various doses of MXC with maximum degeneration observed at 100 µg/mL. NAC supplementation reduced the observed apoptotic characteristics of GCs with most significant changes at 5 and 10 mM concentration. Thus, it is evident that MXC acts as an apoptotic inducer in GCs that influences the quality of antral follicles in mammals; however, NAC, with its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, turns out to be a potential therapeutic and anti-apoptotic agent against MXC toxicity

Ameliorating potentials of N-acetyl-l-cysteine against methoxychlor instigated modulation in structural characteristics of granulosa cells of caprine antral follicles

366-372Follicular granulosa cells (GCs) form an important association with follicle’s survival and health that determines ovulation. Apoptosis induction in GCs leads to follicular atresia and infertility problems. The present study aims at assessing the ultrastructural toxicity of methoxychlor (MXC), an organochlorine insecticide and reproductive toxin, on structural aspects of GCs owing to its potential for inducing apoptosis and the ameliorating potential of N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) in this toxicity. The ultrastructural morphology revealed MXC induced degenerative changes in GCs like loss of cellular junction complexes and membrane integrity; nuclear abnormalities like occurrence of condensed and marginated chromatin, crescent shaped or blebbed nucleus; presence of disrupted mitochondria with disrupted cristae, vacuolization, empty spaces, large number of homogenous lipid droplets and extensive network of rough endoplasmic reticulum and several cytoplasmic processes at various doses of MXC with maximum degeneration observed at 100 μg/ml. NAC supplementation reduced the observed apoptotic characteristics of GCs with most significant changes at 5- and 10 mM concentration. Thus, it is evident that MXC acts as an apoptotic inducer in GCs that influences the quality of antral follicles in mammals; however, NAC, with its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties, turns out to be a potential therapeutic and anti-apoptotic agent against MXC toxicity

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of Arylpiperazine-based novel Phthalimides: active inducers of testicular germ cell apoptosis

Understanding of apoptosis or programmed cell death has provided the basis for novel therapeutics that has resulted in rationally designed anticancer strategies. Recently, inducers of apoptosis have been used in cancer therapy. In this work, we describe the role of chiral phthalimides functionalized with piperazines as potential apoptotic inducers. The listed twenty phthalimides were assessed for their in vitro apoptotic activity against testicular germ cells. All phthalimides showed a significant apoptotic response (∼39 to ∼68%). TUNEL assay and acridine orange fluorescence staining were carried out to investigate the molecular mechanisms responsible for the cell death. Phthalimides exhibited substantial apoptotic induction following the intrinsic pathway mechanism. Studies advocated that the apoptotic induction was mediated through caspase-9, caspase-3, JNK MAP kinase and tumor suppressor p53, which was accompanied by DNA fragmentation and nuclear condensation. Besides, the best five phthalimides regarding apoptotic action were evaluated for in vitro cytotoxic effects against CAL-72 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines. Compounds showed efficient killing of cancer cells. This discovery of functionalized phthalimides as apoptotic inducers would be highly valuable in understanding the mechanism of apoptosis at the molecular level and opens up new possibilities for therapeutic strategies.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Federated learning enables big data for rare cancer boundary detection.

Although machine learning (ML) has shown promise across disciplines, out-of-sample generalizability is concerning. This is currently addressed by sharing multi-site data, but such centralization is challenging/infeasible to scale due to various limitations. Federated ML (FL) provides an alternative paradigm for accurate and generalizable ML, by only sharing numerical model updates. Here we present the largest FL study to-date, involving data from 71 sites across 6 continents, to generate an automatic tumor boundary detector for the rare disease of glioblastoma, reporting the largest such dataset in the literature (n = 6, 314). We demonstrate a 33% delineation improvement for the surgically targetable tumor, and 23% for the complete tumor extent, over a publicly trained model. We anticipate our study to: 1) enable more healthcare studies informed by large diverse data, ensuring meaningful results for rare diseases and underrepresented populations, 2) facilitate further analyses for glioblastoma by releasing our consensus model, and 3) demonstrate the FL effectiveness at such scale and task-complexity as a paradigm shift for multi-site collaborations, alleviating the need for data-sharing

Author Correction: Federated learning enables big data for rare cancer boundary detection.

10.1038/s41467-023-36188-7NATURE COMMUNICATIONS14

Federated Learning Enables Big Data for Rare Cancer Boundary Detection

Although machine learning (ML) has shown promise across disciplines, out-of-sample generalizability is concerning. This is currently addressed by sharing multi-site data, but such centralization is challenging/infeasible to scale due to various limitations. Federated ML (FL) provides an alternative paradigm for accurate and generalizable ML, by only sharing numerical model updates. Here we present the largest FL study to-date, involving data from 71 sites across 6 continents, to generate an automatic tumor boundary detector for the rare disease of glioblastoma, reporting the largest such dataset in the literature (n = 6, 314). We demonstrate a 33% delineation improvement for the surgically targetable tumor, and 23% for the complete tumor extent, over a publicly trained model. We anticipate our study to: 1) enable more healthcare studies informed by large diverse data, ensuring meaningful results for rare diseases and underrepresented populations, 2) facilitate further analyses for glioblastoma by releasing our consensus model, and 3) demonstrate the FL effectiveness at such scale and task-complexity as a paradigm shift for multi-site collaborations, alleviating the need for data-sharing

Urease Inhibitory Kinetic Studies of Various Extracts and Pure Compounds from Cinnamomum Genus

Urease is an enzyme that plays a significant role in the hydrolysis of urea into carbonic acid and ammonia via the carbamic acid formation. The resultant increase in pH leads to the onset of various pathologies such as gastric cancer, urolithiasis, hepatic coma, hepatic encephalopathy, duodenal ulcers and peptic ulcers. Urease inhibitors can reduce the urea hydrolysis rate and development of various diseases. The Cinnamomum genus is used in a large number of traditional medicines. It is well established that stem bark of Cinnamomum cassia exhibits antiulcerogenic potential. The present study evaluated the inhibitory effect of seven extracts of Cinnamomum camphora, Cinnamomum verum and two pure compounds Camphene and Cuminaldehyde on urease enzyme. Kinetic studies of potential inhibitors were carried out. Methanol extract (IC50 980 µg/mL) of C. camphora and a monoterpene Camphene (IC50 0.147 µg/mL) possess significant inhibitory activity. The Lineweaver Burk plot analysis suggested the competitive inhibition by methanol extract, hexane fraction and Camphene. The Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC–MS) analysis of hexane fraction revealed the contribution of various terpenes. The present study targets terpenes as a new class of inhibitors that have potential therapeutic value for further development as novel drugs

Not Available

Not AvailableTo establish normal values of blood biochemical indices for different indigenous local donkey population available in various agro-climatic zones, blood samples were collected from 233 adult and apparently healthy donkeys. The samples were analysed for metabolites (albumin, total serum protein, direct bilirubin, total bilirubin, cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, urea, uric acid, triglyceride, creatinine) and minerals (calcium, phosphorus) to evaluate significant difference within and between populations. Confidence limit of each biochemical indices showed a close range as compared to their actual range observed under varied geographic areas. All the metabolites and minerals showed significant variations in their levels within and between donkey populations which could possibly be due to the differences in the nutritional status of donkeys, their managemental aspects and biochemical metabolism. In agro-climatic zone 1 (Spiti and Leh areas), having low vegetation cover with poor nutritious grasses for a limited period, levels of most of the biochemical profiles in donkey populations belonging to these areas were significantly lower than those in other zones (VI, IX, XII, XIV). This study indicated that normal biochemical values of different indices for a particular population should not be used as such for disease prognosis, diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of other donkey population belonging to other agro-climatic zone having different nutritional and managemental practicesNot Availabl