Cyclodextrin Complexes of Reduced Bromonoscapine in Guar Gum Microspheres Enhance Colonic Drug Delivery

Here, we report improved solubility and enhanced colonic delivery of reduced bromonoscapine (Red-Br-Nos), a cyclic ether brominated analogue of noscapine, upon encapsulation of its cyclodextrin (CD) complexes in bioresponsive guar gum microspheres (GGM). Phase−solubility analysis suggested that Red-Br-Nos complexed with β-CD and methyl-β-CD in a 1:1 stoichiometry, with a stability constant (Kc) of 2.29 × 103 M−1 and 4.27 × 103 M−1. Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy indicated entrance of an O−CH2 or OCH3−C6H4−OCH3 moiety of Red-Br-Nos in the β-CD or methyl-β- CD cavity. Furthermore, the cage complex of Red-Br-Nos with β-CD and methyl-β-CD was validated by several spectral techniques. Rotating frame Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy revealed that the Ha proton of the OCH3−C6H4−OCH3 moiety was closer to the H5 proton of β-CD and the H3 proton of the methyl-β-CD cavity. The solubility of Red-Br-Nos in phosphate buffer saline (PBS, pH ∼ 7.4) was improved by ∼10.7-fold and ∼21.2-fold when mixed with β-CD and methyl-β-CD, respectively. This increase in solubility led to a favorable decline in the IC50 by ∼2-fold and ∼3-fold for Red-Br-Nos−β-CD-GGM and Red-Br-Nos−methyl-β-CD-GGM formulations respectively, compared to free Red-Br-Nos−β-CD and Red-Br-Nos−methyl-β-CD in human colon HT-29 cells. GGM-bearing drug complex formulations were found to be highly cytotoxic to the HT-29 cell line and further effective with simultaneous continuous release of Red-Br-Nos from microspheres. This is the first study to showing the preparation of drug-complex loaded GGMS for colon delivery of Red-Br-Nos that warrants preclinical assessment for the effective management of colon cancer

Recurrent mania consequent to quinolones exposure: A case report and review of literature

Antibiotics are the one of the most commonly used group, of drugs, in general medical and surgical practice. The quinolone antibiotics can lead to a range of adverse neuropsychiatric effects with most of the reports due to ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin. Here, we report an interesting and rarely described psychiatric manifestation of recurrent mania following the use of quinolone antibiotics, and briefly review the available literature

Recurrent mania consequent to quinolones exposure: A case report and review of literature

Antibiotics are the one of the most commonly used group, of drugs, in general medical and surgical practice. The quinolone antibiotics can lead to a range of adverse neuropsychiatric effects with most of the reports due to ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin. Here, we report an interesting and rarely described psychiatric manifestation of recurrent mania following the use of quinolone antibiotics, and briefly review the available literature

Acquired Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome (DDMS)

Dyke-Davidoff-Masson syndrome (DDMS) is characterized by cerebral hemiatrophy, contralateral hemiplegia, skull and facial asymmetries, seizures, and mental retardation. We present a case of acquired DDMS following meningoencephalitis. The patient experienced recurrent seizures, had profound sensorineural deafness, aphasia, mental retardation, and severe behavioral abnormalities. The neuroimaging showed classical features of DDMS

Human immunodeficiency virus-associated neurocognitive disorder masquerading as psychiatric illness

Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has been shown to be associated with a constellation of neuropsychiatric disorders. The presence of depressive symptoms may obscure the evaluation of cognitive manifestation of a neurodegenerative disorder like dementia associated with AIDS. Further, it is uncommon to see catatonia in association with HIV/AIDS. In this report, we present a case who had an array of psychiatric syndromes as the initial manifestation of AIDS. The subsequent management issues are also dealt with

Eosinophilia induced by clozapine: A report of two cases and review of the literature

Clozapine, an atypical antipsychotic, has been used in the treatment of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. Although it has good therapeutic effect but many a time it use is overridden by the associated adverse effects which range from minor to severe life-threatening events. There has been extensive literature for severe side effects like leukocytosis but limited data are available for transient eosinophilia. Here, we present two cases of benign transient eosinophilia and discuss the importance of recognizing eosinophilia while using clozapine

Does prenatal maternal stress affect the outcome of pregnancy? A prospective study from North India

Background: The impact of prenatal maternal stress on the outcomes of pregnancy has been investigated previously but with contradictory findings. Only few studies have evaluated the association of pregnancy-specific anxiety with preterm birth (PTB) and low birth weight (LBW). In addition, minimal research in this aspect is available from low- and middle-income countries. Aim: The study investigated the association of anxiety (in general and pregnancy-specific), depression, and stress with the outcomes of pregnancy in terms of PTB and LBW. Materials and Methods: It was a prospective study in which 110 antenatal mothers in the first to third trimester of pregnancy were evaluated on perceived stress scale-14, pregnancy-related anxiety scale, state trait anxiety inventory, and Beck depression inventory. The participants underwent single assessment on these tools, and the outcomes of pregnancy were retrieved either from medical records or through telephonic enquiry. Results: The presence of pregnancy-specific anxiety, perceived stress, and depression did not affect the outcome of pregnancy. However, participants with trait anxiety were at higher risk of delivering a preterm baby (odds ratio = 4.08; confidence interval = 0.79–20.91) although the effect was small. None of the sociodemographic or obstetrical clinical variables associated with the outcomes of pregnancy. Conclusion: Although stress and anxiety were quite prevalent in our cohort, it did not impact the outcomes of pregnancy

Can masturbatory guilt lead to severe psychopathology: A case series

Masturbation is common in all societies. Despite being common, it is admonished culturally and almost all religions prohibit masturbation and consider it an act of immorality. The prohibition for masturbation leads to a lot of cultural beliefs, including certain myths, which influence sexual behavior of the person. The impact of these common cultural myths associated with masturbation, are clinically understood as Dhat syndrome and masturbatory guilt. Although there is a reasonable literature on Dhat syndrome, there is limited literature with regard to masturbatory guilt especially linking the same with axis-I psychopathology. In this case series, three cases of masturbatory guilt are presented in whom masturbatory guilt was associated with manifestation of severe psychopathology. This report suggests that masturbatory guilt must be enquired for in patients presenting with severe mental disorder

Efficient One Pot Synthesis of Xanthene-Triazole-Quinoline/Phenyl Conjugates and Evaluation of their Antimicrobial Activity

Novel xanthene-triazole-quinoline/phenyl conjugates were synthesized by eco-friendly one pot three-component condensation of 12-aryl-2-hydroxy-tetrahydrobenzo[a]xanthene-11-one, propargyl bromide and 4-azido-7-chloroquinoline/phenyl azide using polyethylene glycol (PEG-400) as a reaction medium with an aim to explore their effect on the invitro growth of microorganisms causing microbial infection. All newly synthesized xanthene-triazole-quinoline/phenyl conjugates were fully characterized and were evaluated for invitro antibacterial and antifungal activity. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated against nine microbial strains. All compounds showed good Gram positive antibacterial and antifungal activity. One of the compounds showed best antibacterial and antifungal activity. Further, binding mode of this compound at the active site of enzyme topoisomerase II DNA gyrase B has also been investigated