181 research outputs found
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A Neoclassic Growth Model of Leisure Time and China\u27s Economic Growth
The Purpose of this study was to assess the effect of leisure time on China’s long-run economic growth. Two compensation effects of leisure were introduced into the economic growth model to assess if leisure choice-set affect economic growth in the long-run. A time series data of 23 years (1981-2003) was used in the study. A neoclassic growth model was used to analyze the data. The result found a weak negative relationship between leisure time and China’s long-run economic growth
Cross-culture study on the motivational mechanism of hotel employees' organizational citizenship behavior
Scope and Method of Study: The purpose of the study was to understand the motivational mechanism of hotel employees' organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) from a cross-culture perspective. This study proposed a new three-dimensional model of OCB (OCB-O, OCB-I and OCB-C) as well as the altruistic-egoistic motivational mechanism of OCB. This study empirically tested the proposed model by collecting data from both US hotel employees and Chinese hotel employees using convenience sampling method. Confirmatory Factor Analysis, Structural Equation Modeling and Multi-group Structural Equation Modeling were the main statistical methods used for data analysis.Findings and Conclusions: The findings suggested that hotel employees' OCB was complexly motivated by both altruistic motivations and egoistic motivations and the motivations of OCB seemed to be culturally specific. In addition, this study developed a new three-dimensional framework of OCB, using Organization (OCB-O), Coworker (OCB-I) and Customer (OCB-C) as the targets of OCB to distinguish the three dimensions. The findings suggested that this new framework was a valid framework. This study also expanded the traditional Social Exchange Theory by including coworker exchange and customer-employee exchanges. It also tested four moderators' (culture, individualism-collectivism orientation, impression management and empowerment) influence on the proposed relationships. The study could contribute to the existing literature on the dimensionality of OCB as well as the motivational mechanism of OCB. It enriched the existing literature by investigating OCB in the hotel contexts. The implications drawn from the findings also could help hotel managers to motivate employees to provide good services to customers as well as retaining hotel employees to stay with the current organization
RIS-Aided MIMO Systems with Hardware Impairments: Robust Beamforming Design and Analysis
Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) has been anticipated to be a novel
cost-effective technology to improve the performance of future wireless
systems. In this paper, we investigate a practical RIS-aided
multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) system in the presence of transceiver
hardware impairments, RIS phase noise and imperfect channel state information
(CSI). Joint design of the MIMO transceiver and RIS reflection matrix to
minimize the total average mean-square-error (MSE) of all data streams is
particularly considered. This joint design problem is non-convex and
challenging to solve due to the newly considered practical imperfections. To
tackle the issue, we first analyze the total average MSE by incorporating the
impacts of the above system imperfections. Then, in order to handle the tightly
coupled optimization variables and non-convex NP-hard constraints, an efficient
iterative algorithm based on alternating optimization (AO) framework is
proposed with guaranteed convergence, where each subproblem admits a
closed-form optimal solution by leveraging the majorization-minimization (MM)
technique. Moreover, via exploiting the special structure of the unit-modulus
constraints, we propose a modified Riemannian gradient ascent (RGA) algorithm
for the discrete RIS phase shift optimization. Furthermore, the optimality of
the proposed algorithm is validated under line-of-sight (LoS) channel
conditions, and the irreducible MSE floor effect induced by imperfections of
both hardware and CSI is also revealed in the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)
regime. Numerical results show the superior MSE performance of our proposed
algorithm over the adopted benchmark schemes, and demonstrate that increasing
the number of RIS elements is not always beneficial under the above system
imperfections.Comment: 30 pages, 8 figures. This paper has been submitted to IEEE journal
for possible publicatio
Demo: Reconfigurable Distributed Antennas and Reflecting Surface (RDARS)-aided Integrated Sensing and Communication System
Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) system has been envisioned as a
promising technology to be applied in future applications requiring both
communication and high-accuracy sensing. Different from most research focusing
on theoretical analysis and optimization in the area of ISAC, we implement a
reconfigurable distributed antennas and reflecting surfaces (RDARS)-aided ISAC
system prototype to achieve the dual-functionalities with the communication
signal. A RDARS, composed of programmable elements capable of switching between
reflection mode and connected mode, is introduced to assist in uplink signal
transmission and sensing. The developed RDARS-aided ISAC prototype achieves
reliable user localization without compromising the communication rate,
showcasing its potential for future 6G systems.Comment: 2 pages, 3 figures. Accepted by IEEE/CIC International Conference on
Communications in China, Dalian, China, 202
Reconfigurable Distributed Antennas and Reflecting Surface: A New Architecture for Wireless Communications
Distributed Antenna Systems (DASs) employ multiple antenna arrays in remote
radio units to achieve highly directional transmission and provide great
coverage performance for future-generation networks. However, the utilization
of active antenna arrays results in a significant increase in hardware costs
and power consumption for DAS. To address these issues, integrating DAS with
Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) offers a viable approach to ensure
transmission performance while maintaining low hardware costs and power
consumption. To incorporate the merits of RIS into the DAS from practical
consideration, a novel architecture of ``Reconfigurable Distributed Antennas
and Reflecting Surfaces (RDARS)'' is proposed in this paper. Specifically,
based on the design of the additional direct-through state together with the
existing high-quality fronthaul link, any element of the RDARS can be
dynamically programmed to connect with the base station (BS) via fibers and
perform the connected mode as remote distributed antennas of the BS to receive
or transmit signals. Additionally, RDARS also inherits the low-cost and
low-energy-consumption benefits of fully passive RISs by default configuring
the elements as passive to perform the reflection mode. As a result, RDARS
offers flexible control over the trade-off between distribution gain and
reflection gain to enhance performance. The ergodic achievable rate under the
RDARS architecture is analyzed and closed-form expression with meaningful
insights is derived. The theoretical analysis and simulation results prove that
the RDARS achieves a higher achievable rate than both DAS and RIS. A RDARS
prototype with 256 elements is built for real experiments which shows that the
RDARS-aided system can achieve an additional 21% and 170% throughput
improvement over DAS and RIS-aided systems, respectively.Comment: 13 pages, 9 figure
Chinese visitors at Australia wineries: Preferences, motivations, and barriers
China has become Australia’s most important source market and there are growing number of visitors participated in wine tourism. Using in-depth interviews, the study looked into Chinese tourists’ preferences, motivations and barriers to participate in wineries tours in Australia. The study enriched to literature on wine tourism. It offered practical implications for wineries and destinations to better understand and accommodate Chinese wine tourists’ needs and preferences
Analysis of national physical activity and sedentary behaviour policies in China
Purpose The aims of this study were to advance knowledge on physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour (SB) policies in China and to highlight related gaps and opportunities in the Chinese policy landscape. Methods Literature and web-based searches were performed to identify national PA and SB policies in China. We assessed which of the 17 elements of the Health-Enhancing Physical Activity Policy Audit Tool (HEPA PAT, version 2) are included in each of the policy documents and whether and how they address the ‘cornerstones’ of PA and SB policy: PA and SB guidelines, targets, surveillance and monitoring, and public education programmes. Results We found 60 national PA and SB policies, of which 54 focused on PA only and 6 focused on both PA and SB. There was a rapid increase in the number of policies issued between 2002 and 2021. In totality, the policies include all 17 key elements for a successful national policy approach to PA promotion according to the HEPA PAT. The policies reflect engagement from a range of sectors and encompass PA targets, recommendations for PA and SB, mandates and recommendations for school-related PA, plans for public education on PA, and plans for surveillance and monitoring of PA and SB. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that there has been increasing focus on PA and SB policies in China, which reflects efforts by policymakers to address the health burden of insufficient PA and excessive SB. More emphasis may be placed on SB in Chinese policy, particularly in terms of setting specific targets for population SB. Policymakers and other relevant public health stakeholders in China could also consider developing or adopting the 24-hour movement guidelines, in accordance with recent trends in several other countries. Collaboration and involvement of different sectors in the development and implementation of Chinese PA and SB policies should continue to be facilitated as part of a whole-of-system approach to health promotion
Cognition Impairment Prior to Errors of Working Memory Based on Event-Related Potential
Cognitive impairment contributes to errors in different tasks. Poor attention and poor cognitive control are the two neural mechanisms for performance errors. A few studies have been conducted on the error mechanism of working memory. It is unclear whether the changes in memory updating, attention, and cognitive control can cause errors and, if so, whether they can be probed at the same time in one single task. Therefore, this study analyzed event-related potentials in a two-back working memory task. A total of 40 male participants finished the task. The differences between the error and the correct trials in amplitudes and latencies of N1, P2, N2, and P3 were analyzed. The P2 and P3 amplitudes decreased significantly in the error trials, while the N2 amplitude increased. The results showed that impaired attention, poor memory updating, and impaired cognitive control were consistently associated with the error in working memory. Furthermore, the results suggested that monitoring the neurophysiological characteristics associated with attention and cognitive control was important for studying the error mechanism and error prediction. The results also suggested that the P3 and N2 amplitudes could be used as indexes for error foreshadowing
A public health milestone: China publishes new Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviour Guidelines
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