study, modeling and development of an arcing fault detection system for home

Les défauts d’arcs électriques sont souvent la cause du déclenchement d’un incendie dans l’habitat. Les détecter constitue une amélioration de la sécurité électrique domestique. La contribution de cette thèse porte sur la problématique de l’identification et de la détection de défauts d’arcs électriques sur le réseau basse tension domestique (charge simple et combinée). Dans ce travail de thèse, le premier axe de recherche porte sur la mise en œuvre d’un modèle de simulation de réseau. Sur le modèle de réseau l’objectif est d’introduire à volonté et de manière graphique des charges de nature différentes associées à un défaut d’arc électrique série. La modélisation porte sur la source de tension, des charges domestiques, le défaut d’arc et le bloc d’analyse numérique du courant et de la tension pour la commande d’un disjoncteur. Le second axe de recherche porte la mise au point de méthodes de détection robuste d’un défaut d’arc électrique Quatre méthodes originales de détection portant sur la tension et le courant de ligne ont été développées dans le cadre de ce travail de thèse. Elles sont toutes basées sur l’analyse des caractéristiques fréquentielles et temporelles du courant de ligne. Toutes les méthodes produisent une information dont l’amplitude tend à s’accroître en présence d’un arc électrique. Toutefois, le caractère non déterministe et très variable des signaux produits par un arc électrique ainsi que la grande variabilité des charges et des perturbations qu’elles introduisent rendent la détection très difficile. L’ensemble des études s’est donc systématiquement composé d’une comparaison entre la situation avec et sans arcs. Le résultat a abouti à une approche combinée de plusieurs méthodes et d’un modèle simple de décision basé sur un simple seuil. Un prototype implémentant une partie de l’algorithme a montré la faisabilité d’un circuit en temps réelThe electrical arc faults are the cause of electrical home fire. Detecting them is an improvement of domestic electrical safety. The thesis contribution focuses on the problem of the electrical arc fault identification and detection in the domestic low voltage network. In this thesis, the first research objective is the modeling of a domestic electrical network. The aim of the modeling is to recreate graphically the loads and the topology of the real domestic electrical network associated with a series electrical arc fault. The modeling is made on the AC voltage source, domestic loads, arc fault model and a block of current and voltage analysis to control a circuit breaker. The second research objective is the development of a robust method for detecting arcing fault. Four detecting methods were developed as part of this thesis; they are based on the current analysis of frequency and time characteristics. All methods generate information whose amplitude tends to increase in the presence of an electric arc. However, the non-deterministic and random feature of the signals produced by the electrical arc fault as well as the large number and variability of loads and the disturbances which they introduce make the arc detection very difficult. All the studies consistently are composed of a comparison between the normal operation and arc fault signals. The result has resulted in a combined approach of some methodologies and a simple decision model based on a threshold. A prototype which contains a part of the algorithm was shown the feasibility of a circuit in real tim

Étude, modélisation et conception d'un système de détection de défauts d'arcs électriques pour l'habitat

Accès restreint aux membres de l'Université de Lorraine jusqu'au 2016-05-18The electrical arc faults are the cause of electrical home fire. Detecting them is an improvement of domestic electrical safety. The thesis contribution focuses on the problem of the electrical arc fault identification and detection in the domestic low voltage network. In this thesis, the first research objective is the modeling of a domestic electrical network. The aim of the modeling is to recreate graphically the loads and the topology of the real domestic electrical network associated with a series electrical arc fault. The modeling is made on the AC voltage source, domestic loads, arc fault model and a block of current and voltage analysis to control a circuit breaker. The second research objective is the development of a robust method for detecting arcing fault. Four detecting methods were developed as part of this thesis; they are based on the current analysis of frequency and time characteristics. All methods generate information whose amplitude tends to increase in the presence of an electric arc. However, the non-deterministic and random feature of the signals produced by the electrical arc fault as well as the large number and variability of loads and the disturbances which they introduce make the arc detection very difficult. All the studies consistently are composed of a comparison between the normal operation and arc fault signals. The result has resulted in a combined approach of some methodologies and a simple decision model based on a threshold. A prototype which contains a part of the algorithm was shown the feasibility of a circuit in real timeLes défauts d’arcs électriques sont souvent la cause du déclenchement d’un incendie dans l’habitat. Les détecter constitue une amélioration de la sécurité électrique domestique. La contribution de cette thèse porte sur la problématique de l’identification et de la détection de défauts d’arcs électriques sur le réseau basse tension domestique (charge simple et combinée). Dans ce travail de thèse, le premier axe de recherche porte sur la mise en œuvre d’un modèle de simulation de réseau. Sur le modèle de réseau l’objectif est d’introduire à volonté et de manière graphique des charges de nature différentes associées à un défaut d’arc électrique série. La modélisation porte sur la source de tension, des charges domestiques, le défaut d’arc et le bloc d’analyse numérique du courant et de la tension pour la commande d’un disjoncteur. Le second axe de recherche porte la mise au point de méthodes de détection robuste d’un défaut d’arc électrique Quatre méthodes originales de détection portant sur la tension et le courant de ligne ont été développées dans le cadre de ce travail de thèse. Elles sont toutes basées sur l’analyse des caractéristiques fréquentielles et temporelles du courant de ligne. Toutes les méthodes produisent une information dont l’amplitude tend à s’accroître en présence d’un arc électrique. Toutefois, le caractère non déterministe et très variable des signaux produits par un arc électrique ainsi que la grande variabilité des charges et des perturbations qu’elles introduisent rendent la détection très difficile. L’ensemble des études s’est donc systématiquement composé d’une comparaison entre la situation avec et sans arcs. Le résultat a abouti à une approche combinée de plusieurs méthodes et d’un modèle simple de décision basé sur un simple seuil. Un prototype implémentant une partie de l’algorithme a montré la faisabilité d’un circuit en temps rée

Software defined radio for hands-on communication theory

El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado.Based on a workshop developed at INICTEL-UNI, this paper presents the methodology and considerations taken to improve the experiences in communication laboratory sessions in Peruvian universities with Software Defined Radio platforms, using a HackRF-One for transmission and a RTL-SDR for reception together with GNUradio Companion, an open source software. The use of these tools allows real communications to be implemented with low cost, simplicity and flexibility that represents a perfect combination for undergraduate laboratory sessions. In addition, it is also presented an 8-PSK communication system implementation as an experience to digital communications as a viability of this proposal.Revisión por pare

Appliances Modeling And Simulation: A Virtual Platform Applied For Arc Fault Testing

International audienceThis study is devoted to the development of a virtual electric network composed by linear and nonlinear household appliances, the supply voltage and an arc fault which can be inserted in series or in parallel in the line. The configuration and composition of the entire device can be changed at will. This virtual platform is used to the establishment of a current and line voltage signatures database for the development of an arc fault detector. We describe in this paper some load modeling using both Matlab/simulink (for the performed universal motor model) and SimPowerSystem block (for the supply voltage, wires and arc models). The simulation platform presented includes a vacuum cleaner, a discharge lamp, a drill and an electric arc fault. Validation criteria of the different models are based on the comparison of the harmonic distortion (frequency characteristic) and the calculus of the index of agreement (time characteristic). The experimental results obtained validate the models for single and combined loads in the presence or not of an arc in series in the electric line

An embedded system for AC series arc detection by inter-period correlations of current

International audienc

Analysis of a DC-DC Flyback Converter Variant for Thermoelectric Generators with Partial Energy Processing

This paper presents a theoretical analysis of a DC-DC flyback converter variant applied in energy harvesting based on thermoelectric generators. The main contribution of the article is the analysis and obtaining the equations of the behavior of the converter with a rearrangement of the elements of the traditional flyback converter in such a way that the converter only processes part of the energy while the other part is delivered directly to the load. This is achieved by connecting the secondary of the flyback in series with the load, and this assembly, in turn, is placed in parallel with the primary and the voltage source. This configuration means that the topology can only be a boost topology; however, there are benefits such as partial power processing (R2P2) and reduced stress on converter components in both voltage and current; all this leads to increase the efficiency. A Low Frequency Averaging Analysis (LFAA) was used to determine the behavior of the proposed circuit, and a simple equivalent circuit to analyze was obtained. In order to validate the theoretical analysis, a circuit was simulated in Spice and implemented in an 18 W prototype. Experimental results showed that the converter has an efficiency of 92.65%. Moreover, the rearranged flyback processed only 56% of the input power

Design of an MPPT Technique for the Indirect Measurement of the Open-Circuit Voltage Applied to Thermoelectric Generators

This paper presents the design of a maximum power point-tracking (MPPT) technique for DC–DC converters that are used in energy-harvesting systems based on thermoelectric generators. This technique is based on the analysis of the characteristics of the converter to measure the open-circuit voltage indirectly. The main contribution of this article is that the algorithm measures the voltage at the maximum power point without the need to disconnect the source of the circuit, as happens when the fractional open-circuit voltage (FOCV) technique is used. The algorithm is based on a predetermined initial duty cycle, which is applied to the circuit, and the input voltage and input current are read. With these values, the open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current are calculated with equations obtained from the circuit. Then, it calculates the duty cycle at the maximum power point and applies it to the circuit. If this duty cycle does not obtain the maximum power from the circuit, the algorithm starts a second stage based on fuzzy logic to calculate an increase or decrease in the duty cycle. The designed technique was evaluated using a topology based on a DC–DC flyback converter variant and was compared with the P&O technique and obtained better results. The designed technique provides between 3.9% and 5.6% more power to the load than the P&O technique in a 20 W system