Peran Daya Dukung Wilayah Terhadap Pengembangan USAha Peternakan Sapi Madura

Research conducted on the island of Madura. The aim of the research was analyzed the area-based development of beef cattle in Madura island. Primary research data was sourced from statistics in the Madura district in figures. Data was analyzed using Location Quotient (LQ) method. Data procesing conducted whith spreadsheet from Excel on Microsoft Windows 7. The results showed that the basis for the development of Madura cattle each regency were Pamekasan (sub-district Larangan, Pasean, Batumamar, Palengan, Proppo, Tlanakan, and Pegantenan), Sumenep (sub-district Gayam, Nonggunong and Batuputih), Bangkalan (subdistrict Kokop, Geger, Galis, Tanah Merah, and Blega) and Bangkalan (sub-district Ketapang, Sokobanah, Kedungdung, Sampang, Banyuates, Robatal, and Omben. Conclusion of the research was the development of Madura cattle concentrated in the base region of Madura cattle

Additional file 1: Table S1. of AFEAP cloning: a precise and efficient method for large DNA sequence assembly

Comparisons of AFEAP cloning with common DNA assembly methods. (DOCX 23 kb

Additional file 8: Table S4. of AFEAP cloning: a precise and efficient method for large DNA sequence assembly

PCR thermocycling conditions. (DOCX 13 kb

Additional file 6: of AFEAP cloning: a precise and efficient method for large DNA sequence assembly

Supporting Information. (DOCX 32 kb

Additional file 5: Figure S3. of AFEAP cloning: a precise and efficient method for large DNA sequence assembly

Sequencing validation of plasmid sizes characterization. Five join sites are S1, S2, S3, S4, and S5. (a) 11.5 kb plasmid; (b) 19.6 kb plasmid; (c) 28 kb plasmid; (d) 34.6 kb plasmid. The overhang sequences were shown. (DOCX 3815 kb

Additional file 2: Table S2. of AFEAP cloning: a precise and efficient method for large DNA sequence assembly

Primers used in this work. (DOCX 32 kb

Uptake, Translocation, and Subcellular Distribution of Oxathiapiprolin and Famoxadone in Tomato Plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Miller)

The uptake, translocation, and subcellular distribution of oxathiapiprolin and famoxadone in tomato plants were investigated using hydroponic experiments. Oxathiapiprolin and famoxadone mainly accumulated in the tomato roots with limited translocation capacity from the roots to the upper part. The root absorption and inhibitor results noted the dominance of the apoplastic and symplastic pathways in the oxathiapiprolin and famoxadone uptake by the tomato roots, respectively. Furthermore, the uptake process for the two fungicides followed passive and aquaporin-dependent transport. Insoluble cell components (cell organelles and walls) were the dominant storage compartments for oxathiapiprolin and famoxadone. In the protoplast, oxathiapiprolin in the soluble fraction had a higher proportion than that of famoxadone. Finally, the uptake and distribution of the two fungicides by the tomato plants was accurately predicted using a partition-limited model. Thus, this study provides an in-depth understanding of the transfer of oxathiapiprolin and famoxadone from the environment to tomato plants

Additional file 9: Table S5. of AFEAP cloning: a precise and efficient method for large DNA sequence assembly

PCR product reannealing conditions. (DOCX 14 kb

Additional file 4: Figure S2. of AFEAP cloning: a precise and efficient method for large DNA sequence assembly

Sequencing validation of number of fragments characterization. The join sites were shown as S1 to S13, and number of fragments for assembly was shown as 2 + V to 12 + V. The overhang sequences were shown. V: vector backbone. (DOCX 11884 kb

The heterotrimeric G protein г <i>Stgg1</i> is required for conidiation, secondary metabolite production and pathogenicity of <i>Setosphaeria turcica</i>

<p>Heterotrimeric G proteins are best known for their role in the transduction of extracellular signals to various downstream effectors. G proteins in higher eukaryotes are intensively studied; however, their roles in foliar pathogens are still elusive. In this study, we cloned the gene <i>Stgg1</i> encoding G protein γ subunit in <i>Setosphaeria turcica</i> and investigated its function by RNA interference technology. Three independent <i>Stgg1</i> targeted RNAi mutants R3, R5 and R6 with diverse silencing efficiency were generated. Knock-down of <i>Stgg1</i> resulted in a significant reduction in mRNA levels of the genes encoding Gα (<i>Stga1</i>, <i>Stga2</i>, <i>Stga3</i>) but not for Gβ (<i>Stgb1</i>). <i>Stgg1</i> RNAi mutants exhibited significantly elongated hyphal cells with blocked conidium production. In addition, <i>Stgg1</i> RNAi mutants all appeared in lighter colony colour compatible with inhibited secondary metabolites. Further assays demonstrated that <i>Stgg1</i> was required for biosynthesis of melanin and HT-toxin activity. Furthermore, down-regulation of <i>Stgg1</i> largely inhibited the inflection capacity. Thus, we proposed that <i>Stgg1</i> played crucial roles in conidiation, secondary metabolite production and pathogenicity of <i>S. turcica</i> and is, therefore, an ideal target for drug design against foliar pathogens.</p