Impulsive rotational Raman scattering of N2 by a remote "air laser" in femtosecond laser filament

We report on experimental realization of impulsive rotational Raman scattering from neutral nitrogen molecules in a femtosecond laser filament using an intense self-induced white-light seeding "air laser" generated during the filamentation of an 800 nm Ti: Sapphire laser in nitrogen gas. The impulsive rotational Raman fingerprint signals are observed with a maximum conversion efficiency of ~0.8%. Our observation provides a promising way of remote identification and location of chemical species in atmosphere by rotational Raman scattering of molecules.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

HII region G46.5-0.2: the interplay between ionizing radiation, molecular gas and star formation

HII regions are particularly interesting because they can generate dense layers of gas and dust, elongated columns or pillars of gas pointing towards the ionizing sources, and cometary globules of dense gas, where triggered star formation can occur. Understanding the interplay between the ionizing radiation and the dense surrounding gas is very important to explain the origin of these peculiar structures, and hence to characterize triggered star formation. G46.5-0.2 (G46), a poorly studied galactic HII region located at about 4 kpc, is an excellent target to perform this kind of studies. Using public molecular data extracted from the Galactic Ring Survey (13CO J=1-0) and from the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope data archive (12CO, 13CO, C18O J=3-2, HCO+ and HCN J=4-3), and infrared data from the GLIMPSE and MIPSGAL surveys, we perform a complete study of G46, its molecular environment and the young stellar objects placed around it. We found that G46, probably excited by an O7V star, is located close to the edge of the GRSMC G046.34-00.21 molecular cloud. It presents a horse-shoe morphology opening in direction of the cloud. We observed a filamentary structure in the molecular gas likely related to G46 and not considerable molecular emission towards its open border. We found that about 10' towards the southwest of G46 there are some pillar-like features, shining at 8 um and pointing towards the HII region open border. We propose that the pillar-like features were carved and sculpted by the ionizing flux from G46. We found several young stellar objects likely embedded in the molecular cloud grouped in two main concentrations: one, closer to the G46 open border consisting of Class II type sources, and other one mostly composed by Class I type YSOs located just ahead the pillars-like features, strongly suggesting an age gradient in the YSOs distribution.Comment: Accepted for publication in The Astronomical Journal (April 14, 2015). Some figures were degraded to reduce file siz

Remote creation of strong and coherent emissions in air with two-color ultrafast laser pulses

We experimentally demonstrate generation of strong narrow-bandwidth emissions with excellent coherent properties at ~391 nm and ~428 nm from molecular ions of nitrogen inside a femtosecond filament in air by an orthogonally polarized two-color driver field (i. e., 800 nm laser pulse and its second harmonic). The durations of the coherent emissions at 391 nm and 428 nm are measured to be ~2.4 ps and ~7.8 ps respectively, both of which are much longer than the duration of the pump and its second harmonic pulses. Furthermore, the measured temporal decay characteristics of the excited molecular systems suggest an "instantaneous" population inversion mechanism that may be achieved in molecular nitrogen ions at an ultrafast time scale comparable to the 800 nm pump pulse.Comment: 19 pages, 4 figure

Real-time observation of dynamics in rotational molecular wave packets by use of "air laser" spectroscopy

Molecular rotational spectroscopy based on strong-field-ionization-induced nitrogen laser is employed to investigate the time evolution of the rotational wave packet composed by a coherent superposition of quantum rotational states created in a field-free molecular alignment. We show that this technique uniquely allows real-time observation of the ultrafast dynamics of the individual rotational states in the rotational wavepacket. Our analysis also shows that there exist two channels of generation of the nitrogen laser, shedding new light on the population inversion mechanism behind the air laser generated by intense femtosecond laser pulses.Comment: 23 pages, 6 figure

Application of HCRM in process reengineering and quality control of Obstetrics and Gynecology

目的  借鉴医院客户关系管理（HCRM）的理念，从流程管理入手，探讨运用质量管理工具，建立 “以患者为中心”的管理体系，持续改进服务质量的有效途径。方法  把“以患者为中心”的服务理念贯彻到各个流程环节，通过与患者的交流沟通，了解患者的需求[1]，患者对医院的态度，运用PDCA循环对现有的业务流程、服务流程和管理流程进行分析与论证，以患者的需求为导向，以质量为核心，进行流程改造，遵循规范-创新-再规范-再创新的护理管理思维，实现科学的质量管理。结果  HCRM对流程再造的影响呈现在多个方面，流程再造实施后，护理安全事件发生率、患者对新老门诊护理服务满意度4项指标、护士体验及满意度、评价显著优于实施前（均P < 0.01），护理质量6项对比差异有显著意义（P < 0.05）。结论  将HCRM的理念运用到流程再造中，有利于提高护理质量和护理安全，同时提升了护理人员综合素质，从而提高患者对护理服务的满意度。Objective: Using the hospital customer relationship management (HCRM) concept for reference, starting from the process management, explore using quality management tools to establish the management system of " the patient as the center " and the effective way to improve service quality. Methods:Take the concept of “the patient as the center" to various processes, through the communication with patients, to understand the needs of patients, patients’ attitudes to the hospital, apply the PDCA cycle to analyze and demonstrate the existing business process, service process and management process . With the patient's demand as the guidance, take the quality as the core, reengineer the process , and follow the nursing management thinking of specification - innovation - Specification - a further innovation to achieve the quality of management science. Results: The effects of HCRM on process reengineering present in many aspects ,after the process reengineering, nursing safety event rate, with new and old outpatient nursing service satisfaction of 4 indexes, the nurse experience and satisfaction, evaluation is significantly better than before the implementation( all P < 0.01) There are significant differences between the quality of nursing 5indexes (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The HCRM concept to the process reengineering is helpful to improve the nursing care quality and safety, at the same time, improve the comprehensive quality of nursing staff, so as to improve the patients' satisfaction to nursing service

Interactions of the Infrared bubble N4 with the surroundings

The physical mechanisms that induce the transformation of a certain mass of gas in new stars are far from being well understood. Infrared bubbles associated with HII regions have been considered to be good samples of investigating triggered star formation. In this paper we report on the investigation of the dust properties of the infrared bubble N4 around the HII region G11.898+0.747, analyzing its interaction with its surroundings and star formation histories therein, with the aim of determining the possibility of star formation triggered by the expansion of the bubble. Using Herschel PACS and SPIRE images with a wide wavelength coverage, we reveal the dust properties over the entire bubble. Meanwhile, we are able to identify six dust clumps surrounding the bubble, with a mean size of 0.50 pc, temperature of about 22 K, mean column density of 1.7 $\times10^{22}$ cm$^{-2}$, mean volume density of about 4.4 $\times10^{4}$ cm$^{-3}$, and a mean mass of 320 $M_{\odot}$. In addition, from PAH emission seen at 8 $\mu$m, free-free emission detected at 20 cm and a probability density function in special regions, we could identify clear signatures of the influence of the HII region on the surroundings. There are hints of star formation, though further investigation is required to demonstrate that N4 is the triggering source.Comment: Accepted by ApJ (16 pages, 11 figures, 9 tables